SIMULASI PENGARUH ORIENTASI SUDUT SERAT TERHADAP TEGANGAN TARIK LAMINATED COMPOSITE

Composite is a material consisting of a mixture or combination of two or more materials, either micro or macro, where the properties of the material are different in shape and chemical composition from the original substance. In this study, the composite was tested to determine the tensile strength using simulation. Composite material modeling consists of carbon fiber as reinforcement and epoxy resin as the matrix. Then the composite material was given a uniaxial loading with a loading value of 50 N. By using variations in the orientation of the fiber angle 45ᵒ/90ᵒ/-45ᵒ, 45ᵒ/90ᵒ/-45ᵒ and 60ᵒ/45ᵒ/-60ᵒ. This study aimed to determine the effect of fiber angle orientation on tensile strength, maximum deformation and location of maximum stress on carbon fiber composites. The best composite design is the composite with fiber angle orientation of 45ᵒ/90ᵒ/-45ᵒ with a tensile stress value of 3.6 MPa and the smallest deformation of 0.0644 mm.

PENGARUH DEBIT ALIRAN RESIN BISPHENOL A LP-1Q-EX PADA METODE VACUUM INFUSION RESIN TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK KOMPOSIT SERAT KULIT POHON WARU (HIBISCUS TILIACEUS)

Research on natural fiber composites is being carried out in various parts of the world to produce solutions to environmental problems by utilizing natural fiber materials prepared for environmentally friendly and renewable materials. The natural fiber currently being developed for composite reinforcement is hibiscus bark fiber. This study aims to determine the effect of the flow rate of bisphenol A resin LP-1Q-EX on the vacuum infusion resin method on the tensile strength of hibiscus bark fiber composites. The method used in this study is the fiber structure model in the direction of tensile load, composite using hibiscus bark fiber (Hibiscus tiliaceus), composite using bisphenol A resin LP-1Q-EX, composite using mass fraction with a ratio of 60 fibers: 40 resin, Waru tree bark was treated with 6% NaOH alkaline soaking (aquades 938.8 grams, and NaOH 61.2 grams) for 120 minutes, the number of hibiscus tiliaceus bark fibers in one composite material was 22 fibers with a material thickness of 3.2 mm (according to ASTM D638-03 Type 1 standard), the composite was produced using the vacuum infusion resin method with variations in resin flow rate of 1.19 ml/s, 3.66 ml/s, 4.67 ml/s. The testing process in this study is a composite tensile test using the ASTM D638-03 Type I standard. The analysis of the fractures that occur in each specimen uses macro photos, namely the process of taking several photos of the fracture after the specimen is subjected to a tensile test using a digital camera placed on the ground. topped a tripod. The results of the composite tensile test showed that the variation of resin flow rate of 1.19 ml/s had the lowest tensile strength of 282.94 MPa, while the variation of flow discharge of 3.66 ml/s had the highest tensile strength of 301.75 MPa. and the flow variation of 4.67 ml/s has a tensile strength of 284.54 MPa. Based on the results of the tensile test of the hibiscus tiliaceus bark fiber composite using the vacuum infusion resin method, the highest strength was obtained at a variation of the resin flow rate of 3.66 ml/s.

Rancang Bangun Lengan Robot dengan Sistem Kontrol Otomatis dan Human Machine Interface untuk Mesin Operasional Industri Manufaktur

Dalam perkembangan dunia industri di era serba digitalisasi seperti saat ini, banyak sekali industri manufaktur yang menggunakan bantuan robot dalam proses produksinya. Hal ini dilakukan baik untuk perakitan antar komponen maupun hanya untuk memindah objek atau barang atau komponen dari satu tempat ke tempat yang lain. Dalam pengoperasiannya umumnya industri manufaktur menggunakan sistem PLC sebagai sistem pengendali yang disertai beberapa sensor pendukung seperti misalnya sensor gerak, sensor inframerah, dsb. Sehingga memungkinkan robot bekerja secara akurat dan punya kontinuitas mutu atau kehandalan yang tinggi. Pada studi ini diusulkan suatu rancangan lengan robot dengan sistem kendali berbasis PLC. Penggunaan Human Machine Interface juga menjadi fokus yang saling terkait. Hasil dari rancangan ini adalah suatu desain lengkap perpaduan antara komponen mekanik dan kontrol yang terintegrasi dalam desain lengan robot.

ANALISIS DIAMETER KAWAT SPRING DAN PANJANG LOWER MOUNTING SUSPENSI BELAKANG MOTOR MATIC

The stability of the vehicle / motorbike is also determined by the suspension. Usually the suspension on the motor is installed right-left symmetrically. This is so that the vehicle load is evenly distributed if there is a shock / sudden load. But development and need negate each other. Currently, the development of automatic motorbikes is quite rapid. This motorbike is designed to be sleek and nimble and easy to maintain. Therefore, the rear suspension of the automatic motorbike is installed on only one side. And this usually occurs during sharp turns and high speeds and if you go through uneven roads. For this reason, it is necessary to design the right suspension so that the vehicle can maintain stability even when turning or passing uneven roads. This instability is due to the large vibration of the vehicle. The objectives of this study are 1. To determine the effect of the size of the spring wire and the length of the mounting on the vibration frequency. 2. Find the diameter of the spring wire and the length of the mounting that will give a good vibration frequency. This study uses the Desaign Of Experiment method. Desaign factor 2, namely diameter of spring wire and length of muoting. Level 3 factor is 6 mm, 7 mm and 8 mm diameter. Mounting lengths of 30 mm, 35 mm and 40 mm. Data analysis using MINITAB program. From the analysis, it is found that 1. The diameter of the spring coil wire and the mounting has a significant effect on the vibration frequency of the automatic motor. 2. The best size for wire spring diameter for coil spring motor matic is 7 mm, while the thickness of the mounting is 37 mm. Keywords: Suspension, Motorcycle, Spring Wire. Lower Mounting, vibration frequency

Analisis Laju Penurunan Temperatur di Dalam Ruangan Menggunakan AC Low Watt 0,5 HP

Heat absorb ability split AC is the most important factor in the cooling speed on room temperature. The rate of temperature drop is determined by many factors, including compressor power. Nowadays, there are many Split AC are produced that have low power (low Watt), so that research is needed to determine the cooling speed in a room. This study uses a low watt split AC with a power of 0.5 HP. The distance from the evaporator and the outside temperature are used as independent variables, while the rate of temperature reduction or cooling speed in the room is used as the dependent variable. The results showed that the distribution of room temperature and the rate of temperature reduction in the room varied based on the position of the distance to the location of the AC Split Low Watt. The lowest temperature and reduction rate in the room occurs at a distance of 2 m and 3 m in front of the AC location. The outside temperature or the temperature around the location of the AC condenser affects the temperature distribution at each distance in front of the AC. When the outside temperature is low, the temperature conditions at a distance of 1 m, 4 m, and 5 m have a significant difference. While the high outside temperature conditions, the temperature at a distance of 1 m, 4 m, and 5 m, namely the positions close to the wall, is almost the same. Kata kunci: AC, split, low watt, evaporator

Peluang Peluang dan tantangan pengembangan teknologi Oscilating Water Column (OWS) di Indonesia.

Renewable energy is one of the government's efforts to increase the source of the national electricity supply and reduce fossil energy sources. Indonesia has the potential to develop renewable energy in the fields of ocean waves, sunlight, water, and geothermal. But of all these, the most promising to become renewable energy development opportunities are water energy, geothermal energy and ocean wave energy. Indonesia as an archipelagic country with an area of ​​1,904,556 km2 which consists of; 17,508 islands, 5.8 million km2 of ocean and 81,290 million km of beach length, the potential for marine energy, especially ocean waves, is very potential to be empowered as new and renewable alternative primary energy, especially for power generation. This ocean wave power plant has been widely developed, including: buoy type technology, overtopping devices technology, oscillating water column technology. Oscillating Water Column (OWC) is an alternative technology to convert ocean wave energy using an oscillating water column system. The ocean wave conversion technology of the OWC system was chosen because it is suitable in areas with steep coastal topography and has a wave height value between 0.2 m to 1.19 m and even exceeds so that the electricity generated is greater. OWC technology which will be developed for the territory of Indonesia has several opportunities and challenges. Opportunities and challenges that will be faced include the potential for waves, the application of OWC to waterways in Indonesia, OWC systems, and technology investment for the prospect of long-term energy development in Indonesia.

ANALISA PENGGUNAAN TRANSISTOR 2N3055 DAN TEC (THERMOELECTRIC COOLER) SEBAGAI BAHAN ALTERNATIF PANEL SEL SURYA (SOLAR CELL)

The renewable energy has a very important role in meeting energy needs. This is because the use of fuel for conventional power plants in the long term will deplete the dwindling resources of oil, gas and coal and can also cause environmental pollution. Solar panels based on 2N3055 transistors and Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) are the basic materials for designing alternative power plants. In the manufacturing process, this solar panel utilizes electronic components that are capable of generating electrical energy (emf), so that it can be used as an appropriate technology to produce a solar panel that utilizes solar energy in the form of heat and solar radiation. The use of transistors 2N3055 and TEC proved to be more efficient in generating electrical energy, there was no significant decrease in voltage and current even though the weather was suddenly cloudy. The average voltage and current generated in this solar panel are 24.58 VDC and 2.72 Ampere DC.

Pengaruh Temperatur Mesin Terhadap Kadar Emisi NOx pada Motor dengan Bahan Bakar Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

The increase in NOx levels produced by CNG-fueled engines occurs when the fuel switches from gasoline to gas fuel (CNG). The author changed the otto 4 stroke gasoline engine, into a CNG-fueled motorbike and provided additional cooling in the form of a burst of air to the cylinder block. Changes in engine block temperature are detected using a temperature sensor placed on the engine oil. Bursts of air cooling result in temperature changes in engine oil. Changes in engine oil temperature are accompanied by changes in the resulting NOx emissions. This study shows that with a decrease in engine oil temperature in the combustion engine, NOx emission levels also decrease. From the research results it can be ignored that by providing additional air bursts will be able to reduce NOx emissions by up to 18%

PENGUJIAN DAN PERAWATAN MESIN GRANULAR

This paper discusses the granulator machine testing process. This test aims to determine the process of occurrence of granular. Granular pellets are one form of feed pellets, granular (rounded) and light in weight. Granular pellets are not easy to sink but are easily broken down in water. This type of pellet is made without going through the process of pressing, so that it can produce feed grains that are light weighted, not easily submerged but easily decomposed in water. The goal is to determine the optimal state of the granulator machine with three angular tilt positions, it can perform maintenance on the granulator machine. The granulator machine testing process is carried out by means of the plate angle measurement process, the water mixture measurement process, the plate speed measurement process. Material used for the testing process uses flour and water. While the tools used in the granulator machine testing process are spray, 14 key, sieve, and container. After testing at 3 angles at an angle of 25o, angle of 30o and angle of 35o the authors conclude that this machine can produce small granules at a slope of 250 with an engine speed of 17 rpm and average weight of granular which is produced 236 grams. While the results of hourly 3 kg / hour.

Distribusi Ketebalan Aluminium Pada Proses Single-step Incremental Backward Hole-flanging terhadap Laju Pembentukan

Pembentukan logam masuk dalam sebuah kelompok besar dari proses-proses manufaktur. Pembentukan logam menggunakan deformasi plastis untuk mengubah bentuk benda kerja. Deformasi atau perubahan bentuk dihasilkan dari penggunaan tool yang biasanya disebut die (cetakan). Cetakan tersebut memberikan tegangan yang melebihi kekuatan yield logam (plastis). Logam selanjutnya berubah bentuk menjadi bentuk yang sesuai dengan geometri cetakan. Pembetukan flens pada lubang disebut hole-flanging. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk memperkuat bagian tepi dari lubang atau untuk tujuan membuat ulir. Untuk pelat logam yang tipis proses ini bisa dibuat bersamaan dengan proses piercing. Proses hole-flanging ini berfungsi untuk menyediakan luasan pengikatan pada sambungan-sambung pipa. Proses hole-flanging ini kemudian dikembangkan dengan metode bertahap yang menggunakan cetakan yang sangat sederhana. Proses pembentukan ini disebut dengan incremental hole-flanging. Pada pembuatan flens untuk percabangan maupun pengikatan pada lingkungan kerja yang tertutup, proses hole-flanging konvensional tidak mampu dilakukan dengan prinsip pembentukan ke dalam. Proses pembuatan flens untuk kasus seperti ini digunakan metode incremental backward hole-flanging. Pada penelitian ini akan dianalisa karakter deformasi dari benda kerja alumunium dengan metode incremental backward hole-flanging terhadap laju pembentukan. Dimana mesinyang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah mesin CNC 3-axis dengan parameter laju pembentukan sebesar 500, 1000, 1500, dan 2000 mm/min.