scholarly journals Analysis of Cervical Cancer Screening at Patan Hospital Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Laxmi RC ◽  
Prashanti Shrestha ◽  
Binita Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Screening ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Background: Cervical cancer is among the most common cancer in women of Nepal. This disease undergoes a state of prolong premalignant state during which it can be detected and treated effectively. Papanicolaou (pap) smear is an effective method of identifying premalignant disease and with this there has been more than 90 percent decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to analyse the pattern of Pap smear screening at Patan hospital. Methods: This is a population based retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Patan hospital, Lagankhel. The study population includes women with gynaecological symptoms who required Pap smear screening over a period of two years. The pap smear data were collected and statistical analysis was done. Results: Among 1993 smear studied, only 89 reports had some form of intraepithelial lesion. The most prevalent lesion was low grade intraepithelial lesion (49.43%) whereas the least common was Atypical glandular cells (1.12%). The highest number of respondent were in the age of 30 – 40 years whereas the lowest was in the group of age less than 20 years. The patient who had abnormal epi­thelial lesions had multiple symptoms like vaginal discharge, vulval itching and lower abdominal pain. Conclusions: Pap smear screening should be started by the age of 21 and should be done in all women with any gynaecological symptoms.

scholarly journals Negative histology in cervical specimens obtained with the "see and treat" method among women at a referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Pereira Teodoro ◽  
Danielle Scherer ◽  
Maria José de Camargo ◽  
Ana Carolina Carioca da Costa ◽  
Cecília Vianna de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Referral Center ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Abstract Background According to the Brazilian Guidelines on Cervical Cancer Screening, women with cytopathologic diagnosis of high-grade intraepithelial lesion, abnormal colposcopic findings, fully visible squamocolumnar junction and age 25 years or older should be treated at the first visit (“see and treat—S&T”). The main limitation to this approach is the risk of overtreatment, identified by histology without preinvasive lesion. The objectives of this study were to identify the overtreatment rate in women undergoing S&T in cervical cancer prevention at a referral center with extensive experience with the method and to detect possible factors associated with this rate. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that analyzed records from a database with 616 women submitted to S&T from 1996 to 2017. Negative histology was defined as the following histopathologic results: human papillomavirus without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), inflammatory, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and CIN 1. Results Of the 616 women, there were 52 (8.44%, 95%CI 6.25–10.64%) with a histopathologic report without preinvasive cervical lesion. No statistical association was found between this outcome and age or a significant downward trend over time. Conclusion The overtreatment rate in this study can be considered low and consistent with the acceptable rates reported in the literature, reinforcing the prevailing Brazilian guideline, in which the benefits of immediate treatment outweigh the risk of losses following biopsy.

scholarly journals Absence of Endocervical / Transformation Zone Component in Cervical Papanicolaou Smears in Northeastern Region of Peninsular Malaysia: Prevalence and Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Siti Mariam Ja’afar ◽  
Hafizuddin Awang ◽  
Raja Meriam Raja Ibrahim ◽  
Zuraini Yasin ◽  
Zawiyah Dollah
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Difficult Patient ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transformation Zone ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Background:Negative result from a satisfactory Papanicolaou (Pap) smear without endocervical cells and transformation zone (EC/TZ) components does not increase the chances of cervical cancer. However, a preparation of without EC/TZ components cannot rule out cervical cancer. Therefore, we aimed to study the factor associated with absence of EC/TZ components in Pap smear in Pasir Puteh District.Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study between groups of presence and absence of EC/TZ components in Pap smear test results was conducted among 114 samples of Pap smear screening who fulfilled study criteria in Pasir Puteh district, Kelantan state of Malaysia. Data were collected from Pap smear registry between 15th December 2019 and 15thJanuary 2020. Descriptive statistics, simple and multiple logistic regressions were used for data analysis.Results and Discussion: The prevalence of Pap smear samples with absence of EC/TZ components was 14.2% (95%CI: 0.11, 0.16). Multiple variable analysis using multiple logistic regression revealed BMI and nurses’ working duration as the significant factors associated with absence of EC/TZ components with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.08 (95%CI:1.01, 1.16); p<0.05) and 0.85 (95%CI:0.76, 0.96; p<0.05) respectively.Conclusion:Majority of cervical cancer lesion happened in EC/TZ zone. Therefore, it is important to make sure staffs who conduct Pap smear test have received adequate training and used good sampling equipment in difficult patient to ensure the yield of the smear is satisfactory with presence of EC/TZ zone.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 04 No. 03 July’20 Page : 178-183

The prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology among postnatal clinic attendees at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12568-e12568
Author(s):  
Boniface Uji Ago
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Gynecologic Oncology ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preventable Disease ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology

e12568 Background: Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a deadly but preventable disease. It is still a major gynecologic problem in our subregion. Cervical cytology remains the key to its early detection and prompt treatment. Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study of postnatal women to determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology and their socio-demographic characteristics. Institutional ethical clearance and informed consent of participants were obtained. Aye's spatula and endocervical brush were used to collect specimen from the ectocervix and endocervix respectively and smeared on individually labelled glass slides. The samples were treated using the conventional Papanicolaou staining method and reported using the Bethesda system. Researcher-administered questionnaire generated data as well as results of cytology were analyzed using Epi-Info version 3.5.1.0 (CDC Atlanta USA 2008). Results: There were 100 women screened. Three percent had low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Colposcopy done, however, did not reveal abnormal findings. Ninety-five percent of the women had no prior knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap smear. Two percent of the women had a family history of cervical cancer and both patients died of the disease due to lack of facilities for treatment. Conclusions: Cervical cancer is a preventable disease. Women in our subregion are under-screened. Effective screening methods are the mainstay in its prevention. Availability of well equipped gynecologic oncology centers with personnel training are a necessary end to this carnage.

Awareness of cervical cancer and screening among rural Nepalese women.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1553-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cancer Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Support ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

1553 Background: Cervical cancer is leading female cancer in Nepal. Despite the existence of effective screening using Pap smear, the uptake of screening is poor. Objectives of this study were to determine the baseline information about the knowledge of cervical cancer and explore attitude and practice of Pap smear screening among the women of rural community of Nepal. Methods: A cross sectional population based descriptive study of female attending free cervical cancer screening camp in different rural community of Nepal organized by Nepal cancer Support group and Nepal cancer Hospital, funded by Direct Relief was conducted from 1/06/2016 to 31/12/2016- using self- administered questionnaire to elicit information on demographic characteristics, knowledge, screening behaviors and determinants of cervical cancer. Results: A total of 2529 women participated in nine screening camp, out of which 55.95% (1416) were illiterate whereas only 4.95% (129) were graduate. Mean age of participates were 40.5±11.97 (17-83)yrs. 31.63% (800) of women married before age of 16 and 32.08% (811) women had their first childbirth before age of 18 years. Only 6.88% (174) women were working outside and rest were working in household work and farming. 76.24% (1928) women knew nothing about cervical cancer. Although 38.71% (979) women heard about Pap smear, only 10.36% (262) knew about eligibility of screening, 1.58% (40) knew about screening interval and 16.57% (419) know that Pap smear is used for detections of cancerous and precancerous lesions of cervix. However, knowledge of risk factors for cervical cancer was found in 5.9% (150). Of the female respondents, 78.09% (1975) did not feel susceptible to cervical cancer and 82.25% (2080) had never been screened before. The most common reason for not doing Pap test is they never heard about it (59.99%:1516). The other reason includes do not have any symptoms (17.79%:450); embarrassment (2.49%:62); do not know where to do (1.27%:32); fear of finding out cancer (0.51%:13) and never advised by doctor (0.4%:10). Conclusions: The study revealed very low cervical cancer knowledge and poor screening behavior among the women. This may be due to lack of awareness, education and low priority of women’s health issue.

scholarly journals Comparative study of papanicolaou smear and colposcopy in the evaluation of cervical lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2400
Author(s):  
Priyanka Mohan ◽  
Lakshmidevi M. ◽  
Shreedhar Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Punctate Pattern

Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common type of cancer among females. Study aims to critically evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy versus papanicolaou (Pap) smear in the early detection of dysplasias. Its secondary objective to correlate the findings in the evaluation of unhealthy cervix by cytology, colposcopy and colposcopy guided biopsy.Methods: This was a tertiary care teaching hospital based, prospective, cross sectional study done in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, conducted on 200 women attending Gynaecology OPD.Results: PAP smear was taken for all 200 patients. 73% of smear was found to be normal, 11% showed inflammatory atypia, 9% showed low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 3.5% showed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and 3.5% showed High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL). Among the 200 cases studied, 38% (76/200) were diagnosed as colposcopically abnormal. Among the abnormal cases, AW areas were diagnosed in 4%. Punctate pattern of vessels was seen in 5% of women. Normal findings was present in 62%, Erosion cervix in 6%, inflammatory changes were seen in 6% and polyps were diagnosed in 7.5%, leucoplakia was found in 2% and unsatisfactory colposcopy finding was seen in 4% and underwent endocervical curettage. 32 cases out of 200 women were positive on Pap smear. 66 out of 200 women were positive on Biopsy. Pap smear was positive in 22 out of 66 biopsy proven positive cases.Conclusions: The commonest presenting complaint was vaginal discharge (182/200; 91% of the patients. the PAP smear  is found to have sensitivity of 33.33%  and specificity of 92.54%. colposcopy is found to have sensitivity of 81.82%  and specificity of 82.84%.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated to cervical changes in units from the Single Health System

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indianara Carlotto Treco ◽  
Valquíria Kulig Vieira ◽  
Janaína Carla da Silva ◽  
Fernando Rodrigo Treco ◽  
Lirane Elize Defante Ferreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with cytopathological changes in the uterine cervix of women treated by the Unified Health System. Method: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 350 women, between 14 and 79 years old who underwent pap smear tests in heath units in Francisco Beltrão, Paraná. Cervical cytopathological analyses and a questionnaire were applied to obtain socioeconomic information, as well as data on sexual behavior, gynecological aspects, and life habits. Chi-square test and logistic regression with p <0.05 were applied for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of cervical changes was 3.4% and the main categories found were low-grade cervical intraepithelial lesion, high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesion, and atypical cells of undetermined significance. From these, the first were present in 16.6% of women under 25 years old. The multivariate analysis pointed at associations between previous results of the cytopathology test (OR = 25.693), smoking (OR = 7.576), and oral contraceptives (OR = 5.265) and the outcome. Conclusion: Women with a history of previous cervical cytopathological abnormality, use of oral contraceptives, and smokers were more likely to have an abnormal result in the pap smear test.

scholarly journals Cervical cancer screening of female of rural community of Nepal: Knowledge, attitude and practices

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cancer Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Interval ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Purpose and Objectives: Cervical cancer is leading female cancer in Nepal. Despite the existence of effective screening using Pap smear, the uptake of screening is poor. This is mainly due to lack of knowledge, lack of availability of services in rural area and low priority of women’s health issue. Objectives of this study were to determine the baseline information about the knowledge of cervical cancer and explore attitude and practice of Pap smear screening among the women of rural community of Nepal. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional population based descriptive study of female attending free health camp in different rural community of Nepal organized by Nepal Cancer Hospital was conducted using self-administered questionnaire to elicit information on demographic characteristics, knowledge, screening behaviors and determinants of cervical cancer. Knowledge is elicited about eligibility for screening and screening interval according to American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines. Practices are evaluated as having ever been screened themselves. Attitudes referred to the various reasons for not getting screened themselves. Results: A total of 500 women participated in this study, out of which 44.4% (228) were either illiterate or just educated up to primary school. Mean age of participates were 40.6±10.3 yrs. 47.4% (238) of women married before age of 18 and 57% (258) women had their first childbirth before age of 21 years. Only 33.8% (169) female knew that cervical cancer is preventable and is curable in early stage. Although 42.6% (213) women heard about Pap smear, only 38.2% (191) knew about eligibility of screening and 11% (55) knew about screening interval. However, knowledge of risk factors for cervical cancer was found in 8.2% (41). About 26.8% (134) women had done Pap test at least once. The most common reason for not doing Pap test is they never heard about it (41.8%: 209). The other reason includes do not know where to do (9.6%: 48); never adviced by doctor (9%: 45); embarrassment (2.4%: 12); fear of finding out cancer (3.2%: 16) and do not have any symptoms (2.4%: 12). Conclusions: The study revealed low cervical cancer knowledge and poor screening behavior among the women. This may be suggestive of even poorer awareness and screening and practices among older women who are less educated or with no education.

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