The prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology among postnatal clinic attendees at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12568-e12568
Author(s):  
Boniface Uji Ago
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Gynecologic Oncology ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preventable Disease ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology

e12568 Background: Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a deadly but preventable disease. It is still a major gynecologic problem in our subregion. Cervical cytology remains the key to its early detection and prompt treatment. Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study of postnatal women to determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology and their socio-demographic characteristics. Institutional ethical clearance and informed consent of participants were obtained. Aye's spatula and endocervical brush were used to collect specimen from the ectocervix and endocervix respectively and smeared on individually labelled glass slides. The samples were treated using the conventional Papanicolaou staining method and reported using the Bethesda system. Researcher-administered questionnaire generated data as well as results of cytology were analyzed using Epi-Info version 3.5.1.0 (CDC Atlanta USA 2008). Results: There were 100 women screened. Three percent had low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Colposcopy done, however, did not reveal abnormal findings. Ninety-five percent of the women had no prior knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap smear. Two percent of the women had a family history of cervical cancer and both patients died of the disease due to lack of facilities for treatment. Conclusions: Cervical cancer is a preventable disease. Women in our subregion are under-screened. Effective screening methods are the mainstay in its prevention. Availability of well equipped gynecologic oncology centers with personnel training are a necessary end to this carnage.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cervical Cancer Screening at Patan Hospital Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Laxmi RC ◽  
Prashanti Shrestha ◽  
Binita Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Screening ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Background: Cervical cancer is among the most common cancer in women of Nepal. This disease undergoes a state of prolong premalignant state during which it can be detected and treated effectively. Papanicolaou (pap) smear is an effective method of identifying premalignant disease and with this there has been more than 90 percent decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to analyse the pattern of Pap smear screening at Patan hospital. Methods: This is a population based retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Patan hospital, Lagankhel. The study population includes women with gynaecological symptoms who required Pap smear screening over a period of two years. The pap smear data were collected and statistical analysis was done. Results: Among 1993 smear studied, only 89 reports had some form of intraepithelial lesion. The most prevalent lesion was low grade intraepithelial lesion (49.43%) whereas the least common was Atypical glandular cells (1.12%). The highest number of respondent were in the age of 30 – 40 years whereas the lowest was in the group of age less than 20 years. The patient who had abnormal epi­thelial lesions had multiple symptoms like vaginal discharge, vulval itching and lower abdominal pain. Conclusions: Pap smear screening should be started by the age of 21 and should be done in all women with any gynaecological symptoms.

scholarly journals Frequency of abnormal cervical cytology in symptomatic women.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (08) ◽  
pp. 1156-1160
Author(s):  
Hafiza Khatoon ◽  
◽  
Nousheen Mushtaq ◽  
Safia - ◽  
Fiza Ali Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Cervical Diseases ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Smear Testing

Objective: To estimate the frequency of abnormal cervical cytology detected by Pap smear. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Gambat Institute of Medical Sciences Gambat, Khairpur Sindh. Period: November 2018 to June 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 160 women with the complaint of heavy vaginal discharge and moderate to servere lowere abdominal pain more than 6 weeks were included in this study. Per speculum examination of cervix was carried out with the help of cuscos speculum before PAP smear and finding were noted, After labeling the sample was sent to histopathology for cytological examination. Results: The average age of the patient’s was 37.68±7.46 years. Percentage of normal smears 10%, advance disease 1.3% and percentage of inflammatory smear is 63.8% while frequency of abnormal cervical cytology was observed in 25% in which CIN-1 was 12.5%, CIN-2 was 11.3% and CIN-3 was 1.3%. Conclusion: Our population have large numbers of undiagnosed cervical diseases. Therefore, Pap smear testing should be widely used throughout Pakistan to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Present potential of exfoliative cytology in detection of cervix cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Sushila Jain ◽  
Anuj Paudel ◽  
S K Jain
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epithelial Lesions

  Introduction: Conventional Pap smear is the mainstay for cervical cancer screening in developing countries and women should be motivated for cervical screening program to detect early dysplastic cells. This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of abnormalities in Pap smears, particularly pattern of epithelial cell abnormality in women attending Lumbini Medical College in western Nepal.   Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out and 1066 Pap smears were studied to look for epithelial cell abnormality according to revised Bethesda system 2001.   Results: Out of 1066 patients who underwent Pap smear examination, 71 (6.6%) revealed epithelial cell abnormality; most were low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (LSIL) occupying 4.59% at the age between 23 to 29 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was found in 0.37 % of patients at the age 40 years and above. In our scenario, per vaginal discharge was the major finding of the patients who showed premalignant features.   Conclusions: Women above 40 years are at a risk of premalignant as well as malignant lesions and these women should undergo screening for abnormal cells at the age of 18 or when sexual activity starts and as per recommendations to look for early dysplastic cells. Cervical screening program should be motivated by the national policy makers and also by health professionals.

Characteristics of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in women with abnormal cervical cytology: a population-based study in Shanxi Province, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Song ◽  
Yuanjing Lyu ◽  
Ling Ding ◽  
Xiaoxue Li ◽  
Wen Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Abstract Background: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is widely known as the major cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer and it’s characteristics vary greatly in different population. Women with abnormal cervical cytology could increase the risk of cervical cancer, however, HR-HPV infection characteristics in women with abnormal cervical cytology remains unclear. Methods: This study was based on baseline survey of the CIN Cohort established in Shanxi Province, China. A total number of 2300 women with cervical abnormalities were enrolled in this study. All participants gave informed consent and agreed to HPV and thinprepcytologic test (TCT). Each individual completed a questionnaire about characteristics related to HPV infection. Results: The overall prevalence of HR-HPV in 2300 women was 32.0%, and the proportion of single and multiple HR-HPV infections were 70.2% and 29.8% in HR-HPV infection women, respectively. The top five HR-HPV genotypes were ranked as HPV16, HPV58, HPV52, HPV53 and HPV51. The prevalence of HR-HPV in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and above(HSIL+) were 30.8%, 36.5% and 54.9%, respectively, showing an increasing trend with the severity of cervical cytology ( χ 2 trend =13.952; p <0.001). The women aged 35~45 years, with lower education level, less frequency of bathing, multiple gravidity, multiple parity, history of gynecological diseases and premenopausal women were prone to HR-HPV infection. Conclusions: We defined the characteristics related to HR-HPV infection in abnormal cervical cytology women, and provided an insight for the development and deeply research of HPV vaccine.

scholarly journals Perception of the Saudi Community towards Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Ahlam A. Alzahrani ◽  
Nebras AlGhanaim ◽  
Samia Abdulmageed
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Males And Females

To examine the awareness and perception of Saudi community towards Human Papillomavirus Vaccination. A cross-sectional study has examined the perception and awareness of Saudi individuals towards Human Papillomavirus HPV vaccination. A sample of 278 Saudi individuals were included. A close-ended survey questionnaire was employed to collect the data of Papillomavirus HPV vaccination. Around, 78.30% female and male participants were unaware of the availability of HPV vaccination against cervical cancer. 90.06% of females supported cervical cancer screening Pap smear by gynecologist after enduring vaccination. Only, 40.66% visited the gynecologist for screening. Results demonstrated 85.77% female agreed on receiving expensive vaccination. Conversely, 97.48% supported on HPV vaccination free of charge. A lack of knowledge about HPV, Pap smear, and cervical cancer. The data obtained can be used as a standard to devise effective awareness programs. Data was collected particularly from Saudi Arabia for evaluating Saudi community perception. Both males and females were observed to be interested in taking vaccination and prevention initiatives against the cervical cancer, whereas, there is a lack of awareness observed among the males and females included in the study.

scholarly journals A Six-Year Study of the Clinical Presentation of Cervical Cancer and the Management Challenges Encountered at a State Teaching Hospital in Southeast Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. CMO.S12017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justus N. Eze ◽  
Esther N. Emeka-Irem ◽  
Felix O. Edegbe
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Gynecologic Oncology ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

Cervical cancer is still a major contributor to cancer-related mortality amongst women living in poor, rural communities of developing countries. The objective of this study is to establish the clinical presentation of cervical cancer and the management challenges encountered in Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria, with a view to finding intervention strategies. This study is a retrospective descriptive assessment of cases of clinically diagnosed cervical cancer managed at a state teaching hospital over six years. Of 76 cases managed, 61 (80.3%) cases notes were available for study. The mean age and parity of patients were 53.8 years and 6.8 years, respectively. The majority (75.4%) were illiterate. All had been married, but 42.6% were widowed. The main occupations were farming or petty trading. One patient (1.6%) had had a single Pap smear in her life. The major presenting complaints were abnormal vaginal bleeding (86.9%), offensive vaginal discharge (41.0%), and weight loss. Twenty patients (32.8%) were lost to follow-up prior to staging. Of the remaining 41 patients, 16 (39.0%) had stage III disease and 17.1% stage IV. Fifteen patients (24.6%) with late stage disease accepted referral, and were referred for radiotherapy. Those who declined were discharged home on request, though 4 (9.8%) died in the hospital. There was no feedback from referred patients confirming that they went and benefitted from the referral. The presentation followed known trends. Illiteracy, poverty, early marriages, high parity, widowhood, non-use of screening methods, late presentation, non-acceptance of referral, and lack of communication after referral were some of the major challenges encountered. These underscore the needs for health education and awareness creation, women educational and economic empowerment, legislation against early marriages and in protection of widows, and creation of a well-staffed and well-equipped dedicated gynecologic oncology unit to forestall further referral.

scholarly journals Perceptions and Attitude of Women of Luderitz, Namibia on Pap Smear

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Hausiku ◽  
Koffi Kouame ◽  
Yapo Guillaume Aboua
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Motivation Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading malignancies globally and has taken third place in Namibia amongst women aged 15-44 years. Infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been proven to increase women’s susceptibility to developing cervical carcinoma. Sadly, Namibia carries a twin burden of HIV and cervical cancer. Namibians are aware of HIV/AIDS, but remain poorly informed about cervical cancer. Furthermore, among those who are aware of the disease, low utilisation of screening tests have been reported. Objective: The purpose was to explore perceptions and attitudes held by women about cervical cancer, reasons for low uptake of Pap smear testing amongst those who are aware of the malignancy as well as unearth motivation factors that has fuelled women to go for screening. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling as a sampling technique. The survey instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire. It consisted of both closed and open ended questions. A total of 136 women were surveyed. Results and conclusion: The level of awareness for cervical cancer (92.6%) and Pap smear (93.4%) were high. Most were able to identify that pap smear test is used for screening for pre-cancerous lesions. However, knowledge about the impact of a HIV positive status along with co infection with HPV as the leading causes for progression of invasive cervical carcinoma was not well known. Knowledge about the other risk factors such as multiple sexual partners (39.7%), early sex debut (34.9%) and smoking was poorly demonstrated. This suggests that a high awareness level does not necessarily translate into having a good perception or understanding of a disease. A good attitude towards screening was observed although less than half of the study population reported ever having a test done.

scholarly journals Negative histology in cervical specimens obtained with the "see and treat" method among women at a referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Pereira Teodoro ◽  
Danielle Scherer ◽  
Maria José de Camargo ◽  
Ana Carolina Carioca da Costa ◽  
Cecília Vianna de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Referral Center ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Abstract Background According to the Brazilian Guidelines on Cervical Cancer Screening, women with cytopathologic diagnosis of high-grade intraepithelial lesion, abnormal colposcopic findings, fully visible squamocolumnar junction and age 25 years or older should be treated at the first visit (“see and treat—S&T”). The main limitation to this approach is the risk of overtreatment, identified by histology without preinvasive lesion. The objectives of this study were to identify the overtreatment rate in women undergoing S&T in cervical cancer prevention at a referral center with extensive experience with the method and to detect possible factors associated with this rate. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that analyzed records from a database with 616 women submitted to S&T from 1996 to 2017. Negative histology was defined as the following histopathologic results: human papillomavirus without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), inflammatory, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and CIN 1. Results Of the 616 women, there were 52 (8.44%, 95%CI 6.25–10.64%) with a histopathologic report without preinvasive cervical lesion. No statistical association was found between this outcome and age or a significant downward trend over time. Conclusion The overtreatment rate in this study can be considered low and consistent with the acceptable rates reported in the literature, reinforcing the prevailing Brazilian guideline, in which the benefits of immediate treatment outweigh the risk of losses following biopsy.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice of cervical cancer and its screening (Pap smear) among female students of Orotta College of medicine and health sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Yohannes Mekonen ◽  
Hermon Berhe ◽  
Luam Ghebreab ◽  
Elias Teages
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide that affects developing countries and young women in particular. Out of many types of female cancers, cancer of the cervix could be prevented if appropriate medical interventions are taken on time. Pap smear is a means for early detection of premalignant stages and treatment before the disease advances to a late stage. However, its practice remains unsatisfactory in many countries including Eritrea. Objective: The aim of the study was to illustrate knowledge, attitude and level of cervical cancer and Pap smear practice and associated factors among female students of Orotta College of Medicine and Health sciences (OCMHS). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among female undergraduate students in OCMHS enrolled during the academic year 2018-2019. A total of 252 students participated in the study. Piloted, structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to assess the distribution and to identify associations between independent and outcome variables respectively. Results: Majority of the students, 171 (68.4%), were 18-21 years old and 159 (63.6%) were second and third year students. One hundred thirty six (54.4%) students had inadequate knowledge and one hundred twenty three (49.2%) had negative attitude towards cervical cancer screening. Only two (0.8%) participants had ever been screened with Pap smear test. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, level of education and year of study were significantly associated with knowledge of cervical cancer and its screening methods. Year of study and knowledge levels were significantly associated with attitude towards cervical cancer screening (Pap smear). Conclusions: The study showed that there is a lack of knowledge of cervical cancer, unfavorable attitude towards screening methods and poor utilization of Pap smear. The study emphasized the importance of creating awareness and increasing knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap smear through numerous health education campaigns and mass media. Hence, it will be vital to integrate cervical cancer preventive measures with other reproductive health care services at all, if not at the highest, levels of health care delivery system.

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