scholarly journals Abundance of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) flower visitors in Lalitpur, Nepal

2018 ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
R. P. Mainali ◽  
R. B. Thapa ◽  
Y. P. Giri
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Flower Visitor ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Lepidopteran Insects ◽  
Sweep Net ◽  
Growing Crop

 In order to determine the abundance of insect flower visitors in growing crop of eggplant, Solanum melongena L., a field experiment was conducted in Khumaltar, Laliptur during summer-rainy season of 2012 to 2014. The insect flower visitors were monitored weekly by end-to-end walk method using sweep net at different time of the day, viz. 7-8 am, 12-1 pm and 4-5 pm. Then collected insects were identified using the reference insects/books available in Insect Museum of Entomology Division, NARC, Khumaltar. This study revealed that Hymenopteran were found to be the most dominant (90.75%) flower visitors; followed by Lepidopteran insects (9.25%). Among the identified insect species, Bombus sp. (60.22%) was the most frequently collected bees as flower visitor of eggplant followed by Apis mellifera L., A. cerana F., Syntomis sp. in all three years of field study. Other flower visitors, such as Anthophora sp., Andrena sp. and Halictus sp. were also found visiting the eggplant flower but their occurrence was minimal. Significantly (p<0.05) higher number of insects visited the eggplant flowers at 7-8 am (58.48%) followed by those visiting during 4-5 pm (28.97%) and 12-1 pm (12.54%), respectively. For adequate pollination and healthy production of eggplant, conservation and utilization of flower visitors and their role in pollination is imperative. Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science. Vol. 33-34, 2015, page: 101-104

scholarly journals Foraging Behavior and Pollen Transport by Flower Visitors of the Madeira Island Endemic Echium candicans

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Fabiana Esposito ◽  
Ricardo Costa ◽  
Mário Boieiro
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Flower Visitor ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Island Endemic ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Pollen Transport

The study of flower visitor behavior and pollen transport dynamics within and between plants can be of great importance, especially for threatened or rare plant species. In this work, we aim to assess the flower visitor assemblage of the Madeiran endemic Echium candicans and evaluate the performance of the most common visitors through the analysis of their foraging behavior and pollen loads. The flower visitor assemblage of E. candicans is diverse, including several insect groups and the endemic lizard Teira dugesii, but bees are the most common visitors. In general, large bees (Amegilla quadrifasciata, Apis mellifera, and Bombus spp.) had the highest average visitation rates (>18 flowers/min) and their pollen loads had higher percentages of homospecific pollen (>66%) when compared with butterflies and hoverflies. The honeybee (Apis mellifera) and two bumblebees (Bombus terrestris and B. ruderatus) were the most efficient flower visitors of E. candicans, but their foraging behavior seems to favor geitonogamy. Other visitors, such as butterflies and the small bee Lasioglossum wollastoni, may have a complementary role to the honeybee and bumblebee species, as their high mobility is associated with fewer flower visits on each plant and may promote xenogamy. Two non-native bees (A. mellifera and B. ruderatus) are important flower visitors of E. candicans and may contribute mostly to self-pollination rendering the endemic plant more vulnerable to inbreeding effects.

scholarly journals THE CACAO FLOWER VISITOR INSECTS DIVERSITY AND THEIR POTENTIALITIES AS POLLINATORS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Samsuri Tarmadja
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
The Body ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Flower Visitor ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Mealy Bug

<p>The cacao flower is beautiful, but small in size, unique in another way, and it has no smell. There a reason that bees do not attracted for pollinating the cacao flowers. Study on the diversities of flower visitor insects and their potentialities as pollinators was conducted on smallholder cacao plantations at Gumawang-Puthat village, Pathuksubdistrict of Gunungkidul in October 2012 to January 2013. First, field observations on 10 open flowers per plant and 10 plants per period. Second, we placed yellow paper sticky-traps on flowering sections of cacao trunks, collecting insects that became entangled. The results showed that eight species of insects visited cacao flowers. The largest populations occur in the rainy season. Aphid Toxopteraaurantii, mealy bug Planococcuslilacinus, black ants (Dolichoderusbituberculatus), Crematogaster ants and ngangrang (Anoplolepislongipes), were common cacao flower visitor, but not all role as pollinators. Aphid was potential as pollinator for self compatible clones. Mealy bug infested as pest on cushion and stalk of flower. Black ants, Crematogaster ants, and ngangrangas symbionts of aphids and mealy bug and also no act as pollinators. Drosophila flies as flower visitors, but only outside sepal and not into the petal sac and style. Only midges Cecidomyiid and Ceratopogonid were potential as pollinators, due to the body size, character of morphology and activity in the flower were proportionate as pollinator. <br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Insect diversity, visitor and pollinator, cacao</p>

PENGARUH ZEOLIT DALAM PUPUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI PADI SAWAH DI KABUPATEN BADUNG PROVINSI BALI

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhmad Jufri ◽  
Mochamad Rosjidi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Cultivation Practices

Many efforts are conducted to increase the fertilising efficiency, especially nitrogen in rice cultivation practices. This field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of zeolite on growth and production of lowland rice during rainy season in Badung, Bali. The experiment showed that fertilizer mixed with zeolite resulted in the same growth and productivity, although the fertilising doses was reduced. This means that zeolite incread fertilising efficiency in rice cultivation.

scholarly journals Insect Crude Thoraxial Antigen-G Extracted from Apis mellifera to Enhance Serum Immunoglobulin of Goats: An Entomology Contribution in Animal Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Wisje Lusia Toar ◽  
Laurentius Rumokoy ◽  
Ivonne Maria Untu ◽  
Geertruida Assa
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunoglobulin Level ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin Level ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes

This research was conducted to evaluate the influence of insect crude thoraxial antigen-G (CTA) extracted from Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to enhance goat’s serum immunoglobulin level. The first part of this study was the determination of insect CTA proportion level. The insects were collected from four different places: Tomohon, Minahasa, North-Minahasa and Manado areas. The second part of the study was the application of A. mellifera CTA substance on serum immunoglobulin level classification. In this part, twelve young goats handled with traditional maintenance.  The animals experiment were divided in two groups: control group and the other treated with 100 µg CTA extract. The proportion of serum immunoglobulins level of goats was detected at 14th days after immunization with insects CTA extract, and compared with the animals immunoglobulin levels at the starting day of treatment.  The data of CTA extract proportion level of the insects collected were subjected to statistically analysis using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of SPSS 22. Concerning the classification level of the animal treated with CTA was statistically analyzed according to Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that the proportion level of thoraxial antigens-G of A. mellifera from all areas observed were not significant different (P>0.05). This crude thoraxial antigens-G of this insect were able to increase serum antibody level of the experiment animal after 14 days of immunization. The immunoglobulin level qualification of animals in treated group were significant higher (P<0.05) than in control group. We concluded that the CTA extract of the Apis mellifera could be empowered to improve the young goat immunity against the pathogenic microbes in their environment. 

scholarly journals Pollen Collection and Brood Production by Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) under Chitwan Condition of Nepal

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR Neupane ◽  
RB Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Pollen Foraging ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Brood Production ◽  
Pollen Collection ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Key Words Honeybees

A study was carried out to investigate pollen foraging, storage and its impact on Apis mellifera L brood production throughout the year under Terai condition of Nepal in 2003-2005. Number of pollen foragers, amount of pollen stored as beebread and brood in the colony differed significantly during different seasons. Number of pollen foragers (117.5 bees/ hive/ 5 min) and amount of pollen as beebread (2439.0 gm/hive) and number of brood (14787.2 brood cells/hive) were the highest during spring season, while the lowest number of pollen foragers (38.1 bees/ hive/5 min.) stored the lowest amount of beebread or pollen store (152.5 gm /hive) and produced the lowest number of brood (3811.7 brood cells/ hive) and bees in rainy season. Autumn, winter and summer seasons were normal for pollen collection and brood production, while starvation and nutritional deficiencies due to the acute shortage of pollen in rainy season was the major reason to decline or collapse the bee population before the honey flow season. Therefore, feeding bees with adequate amount of nutritionally rich pollen during rainy season is essential to maintain a healthy and strong bee colony for the production of higher honey and other hive products. Key words: Honeybees, foraging, pollen, brood, Apis mellifera J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26: 143-148 (2005)

scholarly journals Influence of Season and Day Length on Production and Reproductive Traits and Egg Characteristics of the Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris)

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Korankye Okyere ◽  
James Kwame Kagya-Agyemang ◽  
Serekye Yaw Annor ◽  
Akwasi Asabere-Ameyaw ◽  
Clement Gyeabour Kyere
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Laying Performance

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the influence of season and day length on production traits, egg characteristics, fertility and hatchability of laying Guinea fowls (Numida meleagris). Study Design: Factorial design was used for the study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Poultry Unit of the Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana, Mampong campus from September, 2015 to December, 2016. Methodology: Four (4) hens and one (1) male per replicate and fifteen (15) per treatment were each subjected to 12 hours of artificial light and 12 hours of darkness (12L:12D), 14hours of artificial light and 10 hours of darkness (14L:10D), 16hours of artificial light and 8 hours of darkness (16L:8D) and 18hours of artificial light and 6 hours of darkness (18L:6D). Each group was replicated three times and reared in three seasons (Dry-December-March, Major rains-April-July and Minor rains-August-November) in a 3x4 factorial experiment. Data were analyzed using General Linear Model procedure of SAS. Results: Results showed that egg weight, hen-day egg production and egg mass increased (P= .05) with increasing day length. Similar results were observed for yolk height, yolk weight and albumin height. Most production traits, egg characteristics, fertility and hatchability attained the highest (P= .05) value in the major rainy season. Conclusion: It was concluded that day length of 14-16 hours is sufficient for improved laying performance and that breeding cycles should be planned to coincide with the major rainy season.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF COMMERCIAL INSECTICIDES AGAINST FRUIT AND SHOOT BORER, LEUCINODES ORBONALIS GUENEE OF BRINJAL, SOLANUM MELONGENA L. IN DHADING, NEPAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Sushma Paneru ◽  
Santosh Bharati ◽  
Sramika Rijal ◽  
Rajendra Regmi ◽  
Shailesh Pandit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Shoot Borer ◽  
Leucinodes Orbonalis ◽  
Damage Reduction ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Shoot Damage

A study was conducted from January to June 2019 in Dhading district to identify the effective commercial insecticide against fruit and shoot borer of brinjal (Leucinodes orbonalis). A field experiment was conducted in Randomized Completely Block Design with five treatments (T1: Spinosad @ 1 ml/ 3 liters, T2: Chlorantraniliprole 1 ml/ 3 liters, T3: Cypermethrin 3 ml/ 1 liter, T4: Neem 3 ml/ 1 liter and T5: Control) and four replications. Result indicated that the fruit infestation percent and shoot damage reduction percent, fruit infestation reduction percent were highly significant with the application of insecticides. The shoot damage percent and fruit damage percent was the lowest with spinosad followed by chlorantraniliprole, cypermethrin and Neem. Thus, spinosad is the most effective insecticides for the management of fruit and shoot borer of brinjal in field conditions.

scholarly journals COMPOSITION AND FREQUENCY OF FLOWER VISITORS IN SOME VARIETIES OF MELON UNDER DIFFERENT CROP CONDITIONS1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 976-984
Author(s):  
EVA MONICA SARMENTO DA SILVA ◽  
MÁRCIA DE FÁTIMA RIBEIRO ◽  
LÚCIA HELENA PIEDADE KIILL ◽  
MÁRCIA DE SOUSA COELHO ◽  
MARA POLINE DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

ABSTRACT Previous investigations showed that diverse varieties of melon may have different attractiveness for bees. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the composition, frequency and behavior of flower visitors of some melon (Cucumis melo) cultivars (Amarelo, Pele de Sapo, Cantaloupe, Gália) in different conditions (conventional and organic farming, dry and rainy seasons, with and without mulching and introduction or not of honey bee hives) in the main production poles in the Brazilian Northeast (Petrolina-PE/Juazeiro-BA, Pacajus-CE and Mossoro-RN). Observations and collections of flower visitors occurred from 5p.m. to 6p.m, in non-consecutive days. We recorded 12 species of insects, mostly bees. The most frequent was Apis mellifera (99.68%), but other species appeared sporadically (less than 0.5%): Xylocopa grisescens, Trigona spinipes, Plebeia sp., Melipona mandacaia, Frieseomelitta doedereleini, Halicitidae. Apis mellifera was present in all studied cultivars and sites. Xylocopa grisescens appeared in two poles, but not in Pacajus-CE, Amarelo cultivar. In addition, Trigona spinipes, although present in the three poles, was not recorded on Pele de Sapo. The Amarelo cultivar, under organic farming, without the use of mulching, and presence of honey bee hives, in the Petrolina-PE/Juazeiro-BA pole, in the dry season, was the combination of factors showing the largest number of Apis mellifera as the main visitor of melon flowers.

Evaluation of a formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis against waxmoths in stored honeycombs

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC McKillup ◽  
DG Brown
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The Cost

Waxmoths cause significant damage to stored honeycombs of the Western honeybee Apis mellifera in Australia. A field experiment was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial formulation (Certan) of the biological control agent Bacillus thuringiensis in preventing this damage.Treatment applied at the manufacturer's recommended rate of 855 units per cm2 of honeycomb almost completely prevented damage, while untreated combs showed an average of 76% damage. The cost and practicality of applying the formulation of B. thuringiensis are discussed, together with the recommendation that new control methods for waxmoths should be researched.

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