scholarly journals NOTES ON HUMAN- HYENA (Hyaena hyaena, Linnaeus 1751) CONFLICT IN JAJARKOT, KALIKOT AND MAHOTTARI DISTRICTS OF NEPAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivish Bhandari ◽  
Daya Ram Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Prey Population ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Grassland Ecosystem ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
Striped Hyena ◽  
Hyaena Hyaena

Striped hyena is one of the large carnivores of the forest and grassland ecosystem. This paper deals with the distribution and human hyena conflict status in Jajarkot, Kalikot, and Mahottari districts of Nepal. Questionnaire and sign survey methods were used to collect information on human-hyena conflict. This study indicated that human hyena conflict was high in the selected district. Eight striped hyenas died in between 2015-2016 due to the human-hyena conflict. Livestock depredation by striped hyena was one of the major reasons of the human-hyena conflicts in Nepal. The goat was the most preyed species by the striped hyena. This study shows that the distribution of striped hyena was recorded from lowland to mid hills region of Nepal. The conservation outreach programs should be formulated to conserve the habitat and maintain the prey population of the striped hyena which would be helpful for long term conservation of the striped hyena in Nepal.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 1, July 2017, Page: 127-131

scholarly journals The faded stripes of Bengal: a historical perspective on the easternmost distribution of the striped hyena

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muntasir Akash ◽  
Arjun Dheer ◽  
Stephanie M. Dloniak ◽  
Andrew P. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Central ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Damodar River ◽  
Striped Hyena ◽  
Hyaena Hyaena ◽  
Historical Range

AbstractThe striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) is an understudied large carnivore with no known historic range map. Knowledge of the past and present extent of its easternmost distribution beyond 85° east longitude is dubious. Through a comprehensive review of historical evidence and contemporary records, we investigated striped hyena presence in Bengal, i.e., Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal in South Asia. We found 14 historical records, with the oldest one dating to 1876. Our review establishes Bangladesh as a former striped hyena range country and the striped hyena as one of the first large carnivores to go extinct in Bangladesh. We identified northern Bangladesh as part of its historical range (until ~1965), and south-central Bangladesh as a possible part of its historical range. In West Bengal, India, hyenas were historically present up to the southern tributaries of the Brahmaputra River, but the present range is reduced. The area south of the Damodar River is its last refuge in Bengal. We also found 15 contemporary records (2010–2021) in Bengal, from sites situated on the eastern limit of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. These records noted 25 sightings including 9 deaths due to poaching, train accidents, and retaliatory killings. Our review demonstrates that hyenas are currently present up to 87° east longitude, which extends the currently documented easternmost range for the species by almost 1,000 km. We recommend methods which can be applied to delineate the historical extent of striped hyenas elsewhere as well as for other poorly understood species.

scholarly journals Status of Striped Hyena (Hyaena Hyaena Linnaeus, 1758) and Their Conservation Approaches in Rautahat and Sarlahi Forests, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivish Bhandari ◽  
Bishwanath Rijal ◽  
Sujan Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Striped Hyena ◽  
Hyaena Hyaena

The striped hyena is one of the least studied large carnivores in Nepal. We evaluated status of Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena Linnaeus, 1758) and their conservation approaches in Rautahat and Sarlahi forests, Nepal. The overall objective of this study was to explore the baseline information on striped hyena and to recommend the future conservation action for striped hyena. Camera trapping, sign transect and questionnaire surveys were used to collect the baseline information on striped hyena. A total of 20 mammalian species including striped hyena were recorded. The striped hyena preferred riverbed than that of mixed forest, Accacia forest, Shorea forest and grassland. Most of the striped hyena sign evidences (36.27 %) were located in riverbed, followed by mixed forest (26.47%), Accacia forest (20.58 %), Shorea forest (15.56 %) and grassland (0.98%). Habitat degradation was one of the major threats to this animal and its prey species.  J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 49-59 

scholarly journals Habitat preference indicators for striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. e01619
Author(s):  
Shivish Bhandari ◽  
Daya Ram Bhusal ◽  
Maria Psaralexi ◽  
Stefanos Sgardelis
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preference ◽  
Striped Hyena ◽  
Hyaena Hyaena

scholarly journals Acute symptoms of mild to moderate COVID-19 are highly heterogeneous across individuals and over time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L Rodebaugh ◽  
Madelyn R Frumkin ◽  
Angela M Reiersen ◽  
Eric J Lenze ◽  
Michael S Avidan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Clinical Deterioration ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Fluctuating Course ◽  
The Common ◽  
Symptom Changes ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The symptoms of COVID-19 appear to be heterogenous, and the typical course of these symptoms is unknown. Our objectives were to characterize the common trajectories of COVID-19 symptoms and assess how symptom course predicts other symptom changes as well as clinical deterioration. Methods 162 participants with acute COVID-19 responded to surveys up to 31 times for up to 17 days. Several statistical methods were used to characterize the temporal dynamics of these symptoms. Because nine participants showed clinical deterioration, we explored whether these participants showed any differences in symptom profiles. Results Trajectories varied greatly between individuals, with many having persistently severe symptoms or developing new symptoms several days after being diagnosed. A typical trajectory was for a symptom to improve at a decremental rate, with most symptoms still persisting to some degree at the end of the reporting period. The pattern of symptoms over time suggested a fluctuating course for many patients. Participants who showed clinical deterioration were more likely to present with higher reports of severity of cough and diarrhea. Conclusion The course of symptoms during the initial weeks of COVID-19 is highly heterogeneous and is neither predictable nor easily characterized using typical survey methods. This has implications for clinical care and early-treatment clinical trials. Additional research is needed to determine whether the decelerating improvement pattern seen in our data is related to the phenomenon of patients reporting long-term symptoms, and whether higher symptoms of diarrhea in early illness presages deterioration.

scholarly journals The Return of Large Carnivores and Extensive Farming Systems: A Review of Stakeholders’ Perception at an EU Level

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1735
Author(s):  
Marcello Franchini ◽  
Mirco Corazzin ◽  
Stefano Bovolenta ◽  
Stefano Filacorda
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Large Carnivore ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance ◽  
Extensive Farming ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

Conflicts between large carnivores and human activities undermine both the maintenance of livestock practices as well as the conservation of carnivores across Europe. Because large carnivore management is driven by a common EU policy, the purpose of this research was to assess stakeholders’ perception towards bears and wolves at an EU level. We conducted a systematic search and subsequent analysis of 40 peer-reviewed studies collected from 1990 to September 2020 within Member States of the EU. Rural inhabitants and hunters exhibited the most negative attitude compared to urban inhabitants and conservationists, whose attitude was more positive. We showed that direct experience with predators as a consequence of ongoing re-colonization may have affected the degree of acceptance of certain categories and that the long-term coexistence between humans and carnivores does not necessarily imply increased tolerance. To encourage coexistence, we recommend monitoring changes in attitudes over time relative to carnivore population dynamics.

Crop and livestock depredation caused by wild animals in protected areas: the case of Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, India

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAGOTHU UDAYA SEKHAR
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Local People ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
Tiger Reserve ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Wild animals often destroy standing crops and prey on livestock, causing economic losses to farmers. Crop and wildlife damage are becoming serious for many Indian protected areas, and this study aimed to characterize the problem in villages in and around the Sariska Tiger Reserve (STR), Rajasthan, India. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire in 37 villages followed by a semi-structured questionnaire administered to 180 households, quadrat sampling and focus group discussions. Crop and livestock depredation evidently affected nearly half of the households in villages adjacent to the STR, but damage varied considerably amongst villages and with distance from the Reserve border. Wild animal distribution and protection measures which people adopted also influenced the damage. Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus() and wild boar ((Sus scrofa() were reported to be responsible for at least half of the total damage to the major crops caused by wild animals. Tigers and leopards were the main livestock predators; the former preyed mostly on larger livestock and the latter on smaller animals such as goats and sheep. More than two-thirds of the villagers spent considerable time and money guarding crops and protecting livestock. Guarding was the most popular means followed by physical fences around fields. In spite of damage to crops and livestock, the local people still had a positive attitude towards the STR, because of tangible benefits derived from the Reserve in terms of fodder and fuelwood, and cultural/religious attitudes towards wild animals. Settlement of rights to collect fuelwood and fodder within the Reserve appears to be one acceptable measure to compensate for losses besides an immediate review of hunting policy. Suggestions given by local people to minimize losses have implications for the long term sustainability of the STR as a protected area.

Livestock depredation by large carnivores in the South Gobi, Mongolia

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tserennadmid Nadia Mijiddorj ◽  
Justine Shanti Alexander ◽  
Gustaf Samelius ◽  
Ruchi Badola ◽  
G. S. Rawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Loss ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
The World ◽  
Pastoral Communities ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
Snow Leopards ◽  
Information Theoretic Approach

Context Livestock depredation is a major conservation challenge around the world, causing considerable economical losses to pastoral communities and often result in retaliatory killing. In Mongolia, livestock depredation rates are thought to be increasing due to changes in pastoral practices and the transformation of wild habitats into pasture lands. Few studies have examined the interactions between humans and carnivores and even fewer have considered how recent changes in pastoral practices may affect depredation rates. Aim This study aimed to assess the influence of herding practices on self-reported livestock losses to snow leopards and wolves in two communities in South Gobi, Mongolia. Methods In total, 144 herder households were interviewed and an information-theoretic approach was used to analyse the factors influencing self-reported livestock losses to snow leopards and wolves. Key results The majority of self-reported losses to both snow leopards and wolves occurred when herds were left unattended in the pastures. The economic loss associated with livestock losses to snow leopards and wolves amounted to an average loss of US$825 per herder and year. The number of livestock owned by a household and the frequency of shifting campsite had the strongest influence on livestock losses to snow leopards and wolves. Other determinants of livestock losses included frequency of visiting the soum (county) centre. Implications On the basis of the findings, we make recommendations for mitigating the conflict with large carnivores, with focus on guiding future herding practices.

Historical forest survey data from Eucalyptus - Callitris forests: a valuable resource for long-term vegetation studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn K. Whipp ◽  
Ian D. Lunt ◽  
Andrew Deane ◽  
Peter G. Spooner
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Historical Forest

Quantitative information about historical changes in natural ecosystems is important for guiding management interventions. However, few accurate data sources are available for documenting long-term vegetation changes. In this paper, we describe a neglected source of quantitative information on historical forest structure: forest inventory strip surveys, which were widely used in eastern Australia from 1915 to the 1940s. Strip surveys provide quantitative information on the species composition, stem density, basal area, stem form and size class distributions of dominant tree species. Such information is not available from other widespread data sources. Strip surveys usually surveyed 10% of the total forest area. In this paper, we describe the original survey methods, demonstrate how to decode data-book entries, and analyse a sample dataset from the Pilliga State Forests in northern New South Wales to illustrate the information that can be obtained from this material. Strip survey data-books are poorly archived. Many books exist for Eucalyptus–Callitris forests in northern and central NSW, and additional books may exist for many other forest types in eastern Australia. Strip surveys provide a valuable data source for studying long-term vegetation changes in forest ecosystems. We urge forest managers to search for and preserve this precious archival material.

Genome-Wide Analyses Provide Insights into the Scavenging Lifestyle of the Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1872-1885
Author(s):  
Chuang Zhou ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Lu Qiao ◽  
Yue Lan ◽  
Megan Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide ◽  
Striped Hyena ◽  
Hyaena Hyaena
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