scholarly journals Response of Soil Nematodes Under Different Pest Management Practices: A Field Experimental Approach in Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum L.) Growing Agro-Ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Dipak Gupta ◽  
Daya Ram Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Soil Nematodes ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
And Control

The need of eco-friendly pest management practice is important to maintain soil biodiversity and sustainable agriculture. Therefore rigorous investigation is needed for the environmentally friendly pest management techniques worldwide including Nepalese Tomato growing farms. We conducted field experiment to monitor the diversity and community structure of soil nematodes under different pest management practices in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) growing farm. The study was conducted during summer and winter season in 2015 in Tokha area of Northern part of Kathmandu valley. The field was designed as Urine mixture plot (MP), Pesticides plot (PP), Botanicals plots (BP) and Control plot (CP). Our result indicated the variation of abundance and diversity of nemato-fauna with treatment plots and seasons. The generic diversity and community composition of nematodes in Urine mixture treating plots (MP) was increased significantly whereas decreased in pesticide applying plot (PP). The F/B ratio was significantly affected with treatment system rather than seasonality and found to be increased in pesticides applying plots. The abundance samples of nematodes genera were well separated in our discriminate ordination. We highlight the need of further exploration on the diversity and community dynamics of soil nematodes under different pest management practices in Tomato growing Nepalese agro-farms for sustainable soil ecosystem service. Journal of Institute of Science and Technology Volume 22, Issue 2, January 2018, Page: 45-55

scholarly journals The effect of the ownership structure on earnings management practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaa Maswadeh
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Controlling Variables ◽  
And Control

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the ownership structure, which includes concentration ownership, institutional ownership and foreign ownership in the light of the debt ratio and company size as controlling variables in limiting the earnings management practices of the Jordanian industrial companies for the period 2012–2016. The hypotheses of the study were tested using the multiple regression models. Among the most prominent findings of the study are: the explanatory factor (R2) for the independent and control variables accounts for 38% of the change in the earnings management of the Jordanian industrial companies, moreover, a significant effect of the concentration ownership was found in the limitation of earnings management practices; while, there was no significant influence of institutional ownership and foreign ownership on the earnings management practices in Jordanian industrial companies. Major limitation to this study is the only considered listed industrial Jordanian firms. Thus, the generalization of the results to other sectors and diverse economic conditions and regulations may be constrained. Finally, Jordanian policymaker reform policies motivate companies to increase their interest on concentration ownership structure, as the study showed the significant effect of the concentration ownership in the limitation of earnings management practice.

scholarly journals Determination of economic threshold level for the timely management of cotton jassid Amrasca bigutulla (Ishida) on okra vegetable crop

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1429-1433
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kaur ◽  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
A.K. Dhawan
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Injury Grade ◽  
And Control

A field study was carried out at Vegetable Research Farm PAU, Ludhiana to determine the economic threshold level for the timely management of cotton jassid Amrasca bigutulla (Ishida) on okra vegetable crop. It was observed that significantly lowest jassid nymphal count per leaf in the pooled data (0.96 nymphs/leaf) were registered in the treatment where spray against jassid were given at 2 nymphs/leaf stage and first injury grade that is curling and yellowing of leaf margin as compared to others spray stages (1.54-1.72 nymphs/leaf) and unsprayed control (1.75 nymphs/leaf) significantly lowest jassid injury grade was also observed when spray stared at 2 nymphs/ leaf (0.58) and second spray stage curling and yellowing of leaf margin (0.65 nymphs/leaf) as against other spray stages (1.13 – 1.60 nymphs/leaf) and unsprayed control (1.63 nymphs/leaf). Maximum plant (110.33-110.44 cm) was also recorded as against other treatment (90.80 – 108.46 cm) and control (90.13cm). Total highest fruit yield (120.40-120.75) quintal /ha was also registered in these two treatments. Economic threshold level estimated for the management of cotton jassid on okra crop will help to develop an ecologically safe pest management practices against this pest.

scholarly journals Biodiversity in agricultural soils, sustainable plant production and control of plant pathogens

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
A. J. Reinecke ◽  
S. A. Reinecke
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Carbon Particle ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
And Control

Pathogens Soils are very heterogeneous substrates providing an environmental matrix with varying spatial and temporal gradients of pH, organic carbon, particle size distribution and moisture content. Chemical, physical as well as biological factors are operational and soil includes a vast variety of soil-dwelling invertebrates and microbes that interact with each other and the environment to influence plant productivity directly and indirectly. A review of recent literature on the role of soil biodiversity highlights the important role of soil invertebrates, notably earthworms, in influencing soil characteristics and soil borne plant pathogens. Earthworms are widely recognized as having critical functions in soil in regulating key processes that impact favourably on plant productivity and simultaneously eliminating or reducing soil borne diseases. The aim of this review is firstly to contribute towards a clarification of the role of soil biodiversity in general and to focus specifically on that of earthworms and their role in influencing plant pathogens and parasites. Evidence is provided that their activities can support plant productivity and suppress pathogens. Once the nature and extent of their role is better known and they are confirmed to support plant productivity to the extent that many soil biologists believe, the next logical step is to utilize knowledge of their ecology to create and manage favourable environmental conditions to ensure their survival and activity in agricultural soils. Agricultural management practices that favour soil organisms are also reviewed. Implementing these will make the services of soil biota available to improve and sustain agro-ecosystems. This requires a better understanding of the preferences and tolerance ranges of these organisms and their interactions before we can apply methodologies in general to manipulate environmental conditions to maximise the benefits that they may offer.

scholarly journals Fish Culture Practice and Socio Economic Status in Northern Middle Part of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Samir Kumer Sarker ◽  
Md. Tawheed Hasan ◽  
Simon Kumar Das ◽  
Sabuj Kanti Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Fish Culture ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Average Production

The present study was carried out in Bhaluka upazilla, the northern middle part of Bangladesh to observe the culture technique of fish culture using of supplementary feeds and socio-economic condition of the fish farm owners. Data were collected from 39 fish farms in Bhaluka upazilla during the period from September 2010 to August 2011. Most of the studied farm owners carried out polyculture system and culture, mostly carps (Indian major carps and exotic carps), pangus and tilapia using supplementary feeds. The feeding rate varied from 1-7% of body weight of fish with frequency 1-3 times/day. The highest production was recorded as 56,810 kg/ha/yr using company feed and the lowest production was recorded as 14,210 kg/ha/yr with an average production of 34,350 kg/ha/yr. The average production of 23,520 kg/ha/yr was recorded (farm made feed). Most of the farmers did not use fertilizer and manure in their ponds, but in winter season sometimes they used poultry litter to avoid high priced feed. The overall management practice was not smoothly developed in the monoculture and polyculture farms. It may be concluded that we have to reduce all of the constraints of management practices of aquaculture to achieve sustainable growth in future aquaculture of Bangladesh.   

scholarly journals Low Cost Management Practices to Detect and Control Sub-Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cattle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Champak Bhakat
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
And Control

Sub clinical mastitis is a hidden form of mastitis, causes a huge economical loss to thefarmers. So, present study was done with the aim to find out such management practice todetect and control sub-clinical mastitis in the dairy cattle under field condition that caneasily be adopted by the farmers. Eighty cattle having sub clinical mastitis were selectedby Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT) and divided into two groups i.e., control (N=40) andtreatment (N=40). Tri sodium citrate @ 30 mg/kg body wt. was supplemented to the cowsorally till 10 days in the treatment group. Milk sample was collected at 0 and after 10 dayof the experimental period and analysed for somatic cell count (SCC), milk pH, electricalconductivity (EC), milk yield (kg), fat, SNF, protein and lactose %. It was found thatrecovered rate from SCM, milk yield, fat, SNF, protein and lactose were high and SFMTscore, milk SCC, pH and EC were low in the treatment group of the cows. Hence,detection of SCM through SFMT and control by use of tri-sodium citrate is an effective,easy and cost-effective management practices which will support the farmers in raisingtheir income through increase in milk quality and quantity.

Response of ectomycorrhizal community structure to gap opening in natural and managed temperate beech-dominated forests

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1375-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tine Grebenc ◽  
Morten Christensen ◽  
Urša Vilhar ◽  
Matjaž Čater ◽  
María P. Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Community ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
The Impact

Data on the impact of forest management practices on ectomycorrhizal community structure remains fragmentary and mainly originates from studies in northern coniferous forests. This study focuses on a comparison of ectomycorrhizal communities between canopy gaps and closed canopy areas within natural and managed beech-dominated forests at four locations in Europe. We used high resolution rDNA techniques to identify ectomycorrhiza-forming fungi and attempted to extract potential stand-, gap-, soil-, and selected environmentally derived variables by applying multivariate analysis and ordination for pooling of ecological groups of ectomycorrhiza. A significant reduction of diversity indices, ectomycorrhizal and fine root dynamics, in gaps in comparison with closed canopy stands indicates an effect of forest management practice and the high importance of maintaining and protecting natural forest areas for conservation of soil biodiversity and forest genetic resources. The ordination analysis revealed three groups of ectomycorrhiza correlated with changing environmental conditions. The litter and soil pH, number of beech seedlings, and presence of a gap had a pronounced effect on the ectomycorrhizal community. Combined analysis of ectomycorrhiza and environmental factors using correspondence analysis provided an insight into the ecological preferences of the analysed species and confirmed that environmental factors drive ectomycorrhizal community changes.

Bridging yield gap of winter maize using improved agronomic management practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Richa Devkota ◽  
Prem Pandey ◽  
Tika Bahadur Karki ◽  
Santosh Marahatta ◽  
Shrawan Kumar Sah
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Appropriate combinations of inputs determine the productivity of crops. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different combinations of inputs on the yield of winter maize at National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications comprising of six treatments (T1= Hybrid (H) + recommended doses of NPK (RD) + irrigation (I) + high density (HD) (83333 plant ha-1) + improved weed management practice (IWMP), T2=Open pollinated variety (OPV)+RD+I+HD+IWMP, T3=OPV+ farmer’s doses of NPK (FD)+I+HD+IWMP, T4= OPV+FD+rainfed (R)+HD+IWMP, T5=OPV+ FD+ R+low  density (LD) (55555 plant ha-1) + IWMP, T6=OPV+FD+R+LD+ farmer’s weed management practice (FWMP). The research result revealed significant variation on the grain yield among the different treatments. The highest grain yield (5357 kg ha-1) was obtained when hybrid maize was grown with recommended dose of fertilizer, higher density, irrigation and improved weed management practices. This treatment was followed by replacement of OPV in the above treatment (4410.77 kg ha-1). The decline in yield due to replacement of OPV from hybrid was 17.67 percent. The percent yield decline from full Package of practices (T1) were 23.01, 47.81, 36.66 and 35.95 when input combinations OPV+FD+I+ HD+IWMP, OPV + FD+R+HD+IWMP, OPV+FD+R+LD+IWMP and OPV+FD+R+LD+ FWMP respectively were used..The contrast for grain yield between hybrid vs. OPV, RD vs. FD and Irrigated vs. Rainfed were significant. Therefore, present investigation showed hybrid maize, recommended dose of fertilizer and irrigation were the most important inputs for improving maize productivity in winter season in Chitwan like climatic condition.

scholarly journals Intercropping Cabbage and Indian Mustard for Potential Control of Lepidopterous and Other Insects

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Bender ◽  
William P. Morrison ◽  
Raymond E. Frisbie
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Murgantia Histrionica ◽  
Treatment Thresholds ◽  
Cropping Seasons

A system of intercropping cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) with Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] to reduce pesticide applications was evaluated over three cropping seasons. Insects were monitored in nonintercropped cabbage, cabbage plots surrounded by Indian mustard, and the Indian mustard intercrop. Insecticide applications were made to individual plots based on specific treatment thresholds for lepidopterous insects and accepted pest management practices for other insects. Intercropping had no significant effect on the number of lepidopterous larvae in cabbage. Indian mustard did not appear to preferentially attract lepidopterous insects, but was highly attractive to hemipterans, especially harlequin bugs [Murgantia histrionica (Hahn)]. In one season with heavy harlequin bug pressure, intercropping with Indian mustard eliminated two insecticide applications to cabbage. Intercropping cabbage with Indian mustard does not appear to be an economical pest management practice under normal pest pressures in West Texas.

scholarly journals Soil temperature and horticultural traits as influenced by mulching materials and orchard floor management practices in ber (Zizypus mauritiana Lamk.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-508
Author(s):  
J.S. BRAR ◽  
K.S. GILL ◽  
KIRANDEEP KAUR ◽  
GAGANDEEP KAUR
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
North West ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Horticultural Traits ◽  
Investigation Period ◽  
And Control

Different type of mulches viz. paddy straw mulch (PSM), black polythene mulch (BPM), and white polythene mulch (WPM) were spreaded under the canopies of Indian ber (Zizypus mauritiana Lamk.) trees in second fortnight of October. The treatments of inter-cultivation (IC) and chemical weed management (CWM), and control trees were also kept for comparative analysis. The daily soil temperature recorded at 0900, 1200, 1400 and 1700 hours from October to April months during 2018-19 and 2019-20 revealed significant variations under different treatments. The respective soil temperature variation during 1st and 2nd year was minimum (9.2 and 9.9 oC) under PSM as compared to 16.5 oC in control plots throughout the investigation period. The soil temperature under PSM was higher during extreme winters whereas, it was comparatively lower during pre and post-winter season as compared to other treatments.The variations in intra-day average soil temperature during the months of October-November and again in March-April was higher than in December-February; the period of extreme winters. Significant reduction in physiological fruit drop was recorded under all the treatments with minimum fruit drop under PSM followed by BPM, while it was maximum in control trees. Likewise, fruit weight and fruit yield was also recorded highest under PSM followed by BPM treatments. The microbes in the rhizopshere of mulched trees with PSM followed by BPM exhibited highest and sustained activity from from Otober to April month under North-West Indian conditions.

Lean project planning and control: empirical investigation of ETO projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1120-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Hofinger Jünge ◽  
Erlend Alfnes ◽  
Kristina Kjersem ◽  
Bjorn Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Maturity Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Engineer To Order ◽  
And Control

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate an effective project management practice focusing on planning and control. By doing so, it contributes to the debate on rethinking traditional project management practices and accentuates the need for adjustments based on the project context.Design/methodology/approachThis paper extends the project management theory by proposing a lean project planning (LPP) and control framework, developed and tested in collaboration with ten engineer-to-order (ETO) companies. By following a design science research approach, elements from lean thinking and current project planning and control practices are combined into a maturity model (MM).FindingsETO project characteristics are identified, and their implications for planning and control are discussed. Nine enablers that transform current project planning and control approaches into a lean approach are defined, allowing the analysis of the underlying complexity of planning and controlling ETO projects and thus facilitating the determination of the actions required to improve project performance.Research limitations/implicationsOnce fully embedded in an organization, the presented MM can provide a safe framework for self-criticism and can be used to conduct self-assessments without the need for an external facilitator. Thus, this paper is of particular interest to practicing project managers who aim to implement LPP and control.Originality/valueTo the authors’ best knowledge, this paper is the first to empirically examine the journey toward LPP and control from a MM perspective. This research attempts to describe the enablers of LPP and control.

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