Response of ectomycorrhizal community structure to gap opening in natural and managed temperate beech-dominated forests

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1375-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tine Grebenc ◽  
Morten Christensen ◽  
Urša Vilhar ◽  
Matjaž Čater ◽  
María P. Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Community ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
The Impact

Data on the impact of forest management practices on ectomycorrhizal community structure remains fragmentary and mainly originates from studies in northern coniferous forests. This study focuses on a comparison of ectomycorrhizal communities between canopy gaps and closed canopy areas within natural and managed beech-dominated forests at four locations in Europe. We used high resolution rDNA techniques to identify ectomycorrhiza-forming fungi and attempted to extract potential stand-, gap-, soil-, and selected environmentally derived variables by applying multivariate analysis and ordination for pooling of ecological groups of ectomycorrhiza. A significant reduction of diversity indices, ectomycorrhizal and fine root dynamics, in gaps in comparison with closed canopy stands indicates an effect of forest management practice and the high importance of maintaining and protecting natural forest areas for conservation of soil biodiversity and forest genetic resources. The ordination analysis revealed three groups of ectomycorrhiza correlated with changing environmental conditions. The litter and soil pH, number of beech seedlings, and presence of a gap had a pronounced effect on the ectomycorrhizal community. Combined analysis of ectomycorrhiza and environmental factors using correspondence analysis provided an insight into the ecological preferences of the analysed species and confirmed that environmental factors drive ectomycorrhizal community changes.

scholarly journals Earthworm Abundance Changes Depending on Soil Management Practices in Slovenian Vineyards

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241
Author(s):  
Stanko Vršič ◽  
Marko Breznik ◽  
Borut Pulko ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
The Impact

Earthworms are key indicators of soil quality and health in vineyards, but research that considers different soil management systems, especially in Slovenian viticultural areas is scarce. In this investigation, the impact of different soil management practices such as permanent green cover, the use of herbicides in row and inter-row areas, use of straw mulch, and shallow soil tillage compared to meadow control for earthworm abundance, were assessed. The biomass and abundance of earthworms (m2) and distribution in various soil layers were quantified for three years. Monitoring and a survey covering 22 May 2014 to 5 October 2016 in seven different sampling dates, along with a soil profile at the depth from 0 to 60 cm, were carried out. Our results showed that the lowest mean abundance and biomass of earthworms in all sampling periods were registered along the herbicide strip (within the rows). The highest abundance was found in the straw mulch and permanent green cover treatments (higher than in the control). On the plots where the herbicide was applied to the complete inter-row area, the abundance of the earthworm community decreased from the beginning to the end of the monitoring period. In contrast, shallow tillage showed a similar trend of declining earthworm abundance, which could indicate a deterioration of soil biodiversity conditions. We concluded that different soil management practices greatly affect the soil’s environmental conditions (temperature and humidity), especially in the upper soil layer (up to 15 cm deep), which affects the abundance of the earthworm community. Our results demonstrated that these practices need to be adapted to the climate and weather conditions, and also to human impacts.

scholarly journals Research on the Relationship between Shared Leadership and Individual Creativity-Qualitative Comparative Analysis on the Basis of Clear Set

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5445
Author(s):  
Muyun Sun ◽  
Jigan Wang ◽  
Ting Wen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Shared Leadership ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sufficient And Necessary Condition

Creativity is the key to obtaining and maintaining competitiveness of modern organizations, and it has attracted much attention from academic circles and management practices. Shared leadership is believed to effectively influence team output. However, research on the impact of individual creativity is still in its infancy. This study adopts the qualitative comparative analysis method, taking 1584 individuals as the research objects, underpinned by a questionnaire-based survey. It investigates the influence of the team’s shared leadership network elements and organizational environmental factors on the individual creativity. We have found that there are six combination of conditions of shared leadership and organizational environmental factors constituting sufficient combination of conditions to increase or decrease individual creativity. Moreover, we have noticed that the low network density of shared leadership is a sufficient and necessary condition of reducing individual creativity. Our results also provide management suggestions for practical activities during the team management.

scholarly journals Response of Soil Nematodes Under Different Pest Management Practices: A Field Experimental Approach in Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum L.) Growing Agro-Ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Dipak Gupta ◽  
Daya Ram Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Soil Nematodes ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
And Control

The need of eco-friendly pest management practice is important to maintain soil biodiversity and sustainable agriculture. Therefore rigorous investigation is needed for the environmentally friendly pest management techniques worldwide including Nepalese Tomato growing farms. We conducted field experiment to monitor the diversity and community structure of soil nematodes under different pest management practices in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) growing farm. The study was conducted during summer and winter season in 2015 in Tokha area of Northern part of Kathmandu valley. The field was designed as Urine mixture plot (MP), Pesticides plot (PP), Botanicals plots (BP) and Control plot (CP). Our result indicated the variation of abundance and diversity of nemato-fauna with treatment plots and seasons. The generic diversity and community composition of nematodes in Urine mixture treating plots (MP) was increased significantly whereas decreased in pesticide applying plot (PP). The F/B ratio was significantly affected with treatment system rather than seasonality and found to be increased in pesticides applying plots. The abundance samples of nematodes genera were well separated in our discriminate ordination. We highlight the need of further exploration on the diversity and community dynamics of soil nematodes under different pest management practices in Tomato growing Nepalese agro-farms for sustainable soil ecosystem service. Journal of Institute of Science and Technology Volume 22, Issue 2, January 2018, Page: 45-55

scholarly journals The Requirement of Records Management Practices for Institutional Audits

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.7) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Nik Nurul Emyliana Nik Ramlee ◽  
Saiful Farik Mat Yatin ◽  
Mastura Md Zali ◽  
Nurul Aiqa Mohd Zain ◽  
Amzari Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
White Collar Crime ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Currently, the issues of corruption or white-collar crime rise in government sector and this issue raised during the audit checking. The organization itself do not take the initiative and follow the policy and standard assigned by the government when manage the records in their organization with the requirement of records management practices. This study also emphasizes the role of records management in conducting the risk mitigation in governance regarding the auditing process, the relationship of the records management and good governance and to analyse the general report of one organization in Malaysia which related with the audit department. With this study, hopefully the good governance and accountability could be achieved and the crime rate could be minimized as well as no litigation occur during the auditing process if the records management practices plays their roles. This study is to investigate the impact of the implementation of good records management practice in exercising good governance and to ease up the auditing process.  

Changing management in Scottish birch woodlands: a potential threat to local invertebrate biodiversity

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Woodcock ◽  
S.R. Leather ◽  
A.D. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
North East ◽  
Invertebrate Biodiversity ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe silvicultural management of Scottish birch woodlands for timber production is replacing traditional low intensity management practices, such as domesticated livestock grazing. These new management practices involve thinning of existing woodlands to prescribed densities to maximize biomass and timber quality. Although presently infrequent, the wide scale adoption of this practice could affect invertebrate community diversity. The impact of these changes in management on Staphylinidae and Carabidae (Coleoptera) in 19 woodlands in Aberdeenshire, north-east Scotland was investigated. Grazing and logging practices were important determinants of beetle community structure. Woodland area had no effect on any measure of beetle community structure, although isolation did influence the abundance of one carabid species. Changes towards timber production forestry will influence the structure of invertebrate communities, although the scale at which this occurs will determine its effect.

scholarly journals Tips for Integrating Land and Wildlife Management: Quail and Timber

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Giuliano ◽  
Lauren Watine
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Wildlife Ecology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Successional Communities

In Florida, changes in forest management practices during the past 50+ years have led to declines in quail habitat and populations. Important changes involve the use of fire and conversion of native forests to commercial pine plantations. A lack of fire and other disturbance has often led to closed-canopy forests with dense undergrowth that lack important quail habitat components. This 2-page fact sheet provides several quail habitat improvement tips that focus on diversifying the plant species and structural composition and increasing early successional communities dominated by herbaceous plants. Written by William M. Giuliano and Lauren Watine and published by the UF Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, January 2013.  http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw376 

scholarly journals Pine Pitch Canker and Insects: Regional Risks, Environmental Regulation, and Practical Management Options

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Fernández-Fernández ◽  
Pedro Naves ◽  
Dmitry L. Musolin ◽  
Andrey V. Selikhovkin ◽  
Michelle Cleary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
The Impact

Pine pitch canker (PPC), caused by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium circinatum (Nirenberg and O’ Donnell), is a serious threat to pine forests globally. The recent introduction of the pathogen to Southern Europe and its spread in Mediterranean region is alarming considering the immense ecological and economic importance of pines in the region. Pines in forests and nurseries can be infected, resulting in severe growth losses and mortality. The pathogen is known to spread in plants for planting and in seeds, and results from recent studies have indicated that F. circinatum may also spread through phoretic associations with certain insects. With this review, we aim to expand the current understanding of the risk of insect-mediated spread of PPC in different parts of Europe. Through the joint action of a multinational researcher team, we collate the existing information about the insect species spectrum in different biogeographic conditions and scrutinize the potential of these insects to transmit F. circinatum spores in forests and nurseries. We also discuss the impact of environmental factors and forest management in this context. We present evidence for the existence of a high diversity of insects with potential to weaken pines and disseminate PPC in Europe, including several common beetle species. In many parts of Europe, temperatures are projected to rise, which may promote the activity of several insect species, supporting multivoltinism and thus, further amplifying the risk of insect-mediated dissemination of PPC. Integrated pest management (IPM) solutions that comply with forest management practices need to be developed to reduce this risk. We recommend careful monitoring of insect populations as the basis for successful IPM. Improved understanding of environmental control of the interaction between insects, the pathogen, and host trees is needed in order to support development of bio-rational strategies to safeguard European pine trees and forests against F. circinatum in future.

scholarly journals Tree rings reveal signs of Europe’s sustainable forest management long before the first historical evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Muigg ◽  
Georgios Skiadaresis ◽  
Willy Tegel ◽  
Franz Herzig ◽  
Paul J. Krusic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Coppice With Standards

AbstractTo satisfy the increasing demand for wood in central Europe during medieval times, a new system of forest management was developed, one far superior to simple coppicing. The adoption of a sophisticated, Coppice-with-Standards (CWS) management practice created a two-storey forest structure that could provide fuelwood as well as construction timber. Here we present a dendrochronological study of actively managed CWS forests in northern Bavaria to detect the radial growth response to cyclical understorey harvesting in overstorey oaks (Quercus sp.), so-called standards. All modern standards exhibit rapid growth releases every circa 30 years, most likely caused by regular understorey management. We further analyse tree-ring width patterns in 2120 oak timbers from historical buildings and archaeological excavations in southern Germany and north-eastern France, dating between 300 and 2015 CE, and succeeded in identifying CWS growth patterns throughout the medieval period. Several potential CWS standards even date to the first millennium CE, suggesting CWS management has been in practice long before its first mention in historical documents. Our dendrochronological approach should be expanded routinely to indentify the signature of past forest management practices in archaeological and historical oak wood.

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