scholarly journals Pulmonary tuberculosis and immunological profile of HIV/AIDS patients in Far West Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Madan Singh Bohara
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Tuberculosis is itself a major public health problem in Nepal and the emergence HIV further complicated the issue. Tuberculosis is the most common cause of death among HIV/AIDS patients worldwide. Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection is associated with special diagnostic and ther apeutic challenges and constitutes an immense burden on healthcare system of heavily infected countries like Nepal. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and their immunologic profi les among HIV positive patients. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from Januray 2012 to July 2012 among adult HIV-positive patients attending ART centers at Seti Zonal Hospital and Mahakali Zonal Hospital. Clinical and laboratory investigations including Acid Fast staining and culture were used to identify tuberculosis cases. Blood samples were collected to determine CD4+ lymphocyte count. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics of study participants. The data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 16 software. Results: A total of 103 HIV positive participants were enrolled. Five (4.9%) of the study participants (three females and two males) were found to have pulmonary tuberculosis. Majority [4(80%)] of TB-HIV co-infection was found in 21-40 years age group. Similarly four (80%) of them were illiterate. Among five TB cases only two cases were detected by direct microscopy. In general it was observed that various clinical manifestations such as cough, chest pain, weight loss, loss of appetite etc. are more common in TB co-infected HIV patients in comparison to non-co-infected counterparts. Similarly, higher percentage of TB cases were seen in patients with low CD4+ count (<500/mm3). Conclusions: We found high prevalence of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection. More such cases were seen among those with low CD4+ cell count. Early detection of co-infection is very necessary to facilitate early ART initiation, thereby strengthening their immune status.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i1.10917Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 3, No. 1, Issue 7, Jan.-Mar., 2014, page: 8-13

scholarly journals Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factors among HIV/AIDS Patients taking Ante-Retroviral Therapy at Selected Hospitals in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demelash Wachamo ◽  
Fisseha Bonja
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Opportunistic infections are late complications of HIV infection is the depletion of the immune system. It is a major public health problem and high morbidity AIDS patients die of AIDS-related infections in developing countries like Ethiopia. Identification of opportunistic infections (OIs) is important to develop a specific intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors of opportunistic infections.Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 randomly selected HIV/AIDS patients taking anti-retroviral therapy. Data was collected from selected hospitals in Sidama Zone based on population proportion to size. Data was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire and a pre-tested checklist from the medical records of patients. Data entry and analyzed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS v.23. The result declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05.Result The magnitude of opportunistic infections was 39.6%. Major identified OIs was oral candidacies 23.2%, recurrent bacterial pneumonia 21.5%, Herpes zoster 6.3%, and Pulmonary Tuberculosis 6.0%.The magnitude of opportunistic associated with; older age [AOR=2.69, 95% CI: 1.33-5.43], No formal education [AOR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.06-9.25], Low monthly income [AOR=2.27, 95%CI:1.35-3.83], initial CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3 [AOR=1.91, 95% CI:1.05-3.46), WHO clinical stage II [AOR=2.43, 95% CI:1.34-4.42] and stage III and IV [AOR=4.27, 95% CI: 2.12-8.59], had no extra medicine additional to ART (prophylaxis) had [AOR= 5.91, 95% CI: 3.31-10.56], who interrupt ART medicines [AOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.09- 3.80] and Khat chewing [AOR=5.48, 95% CI: 2.32-12.96] when compared to their counterparts.Conclusions The overall magnitude of opportunistic infections was high when compared with other studies. Health officials and clinicians need to give attention on the strengthening of the provision if ART with prophylaxis on early-stage and adhrerence, implementation of the TB/HIV collaboration activity, and early initiation of ART to reduce opportunistic infections.

scholarly journals Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factors among HIV/AIDS Patients taking Ante-Retroviral Therapy Leku, Bona and Yirgalem Hospitals in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demelash Wachamo ◽  
Fisseha Bonja
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Opportunistic infections are late complications of HIV infection is the depletion of the immune system. It is a major public health problem and high morbidity AIDS patients die of AIDS-related infections in developing countries like Ethiopia. Identification of opportunistic infections (OIs) is important to develop a specific intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors of opportunistic infections.Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 randomly selected HIV/AIDS patients taking anti-retroviral therapy. Data was collected from selected hospitals in Sidama Zone based on population proportion to size. Data was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire and a pre-tested checklist from the medical records of patients. Data entry and analyzed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS v.23. The result declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05.Result The magnitude of opportunistic infections was 39.6%. Major identified OIs was oral candidacies 23.2%, recurrent bacterial pneumonia 21.5%, Herpes zoster 6.3%, and Pulmonary Tuberculosis 6.0%.The magnitude of opportunistic associated with; older age [AOR=2.61, 95% CI: 1.30-5.23], No formal education [AOR=3.09, 95% CI: 1.11-8.60], monthly income below 1920 ETB [AOR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.43-3.94], initial CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3 [AOR=2.30, 95% CI:1.06-4.98), had no extra medicine additional to ART (prophylaxis) had [AOR= 8.79, 95% CI: 5.05-15.30], who interrupt ART medicines [AOR=2.16, 95% CI: 1.19- 3.91] and Khat chewing [AOR=5.52, 95% CI: 2.42-12.56] when compared to their counterparts.Conclusions The overall magnitude of opportunistic infections was high when compared with other studies. Health officials and clinicians need to give attention to the strengthening of the provision if ART with prophylaxis on early-stage and adherence, implementation of the TB/HIV collaboration activity, and early initiation of ART to reduce opportunistic infections.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Anemia among People Living with HIV/AIDS Taking ART in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin ◽  
Tadesse Bedada Haye
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background. Globally, anemia, among people living with HIV/AIDS, is a major public health problem. It has a significant effect on the progression of HIV/AIDS to advanced stages and there are a number of factors that often affect anemia. However, there is little insight regarding factors affecting anemia among HIV/AIDS patients in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Objective. This study aimed at investigating factors affecting anemia among people living with HIV/AIDS taking ART drug at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. A hospital based cross-sectional study design was used to assess factors affecting anemia among people living with HIV/AIDS. Structured checklist was used to gather information from charts of patients selected by simple random sampling method. We analyzed the data to identify factors associated with anemia among people with HIV/AIDS using logistic regression models. Results. A total of 301 selected charts were reviewed. The median age was 38 ± 10.38. The majority (62.5%) of the patients were taking ZDV-containing ART drug (ZDV/3TC/NVP). The overall anemia prevalence was 34.6%, while about 5%, 15.6%, and 14% of the patients had severe, moderate, and mild prevalence of anemia, respectively. Factors that were found to affect anemia among these patients include gender (OR = 2.26 [95% CI: 1.22, 4.16]), occupation (OR: 0.57 [95%CI: 0.35, 0.92]), WBC count (OR = 2.30 [95% CI: 1.29, 4.09]), platelet count (OR = 2.89 [95% CI: 0.99, 8.41]), nutritional status (OR = 2.05 [95% CI: 0.69, 6.02]), and WHO clinical stage of HIV/AIDS (OR = 3.69 [95% CI: 1.86, 7.31]). Conclusions. About one in three patients was found to be anemic. Intervention aimed at diagnosing and treating anemia among people living with HIV/AIDS should be considered.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Tuberculosis in Prisons Settings of East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mucheye Gizachew Beza ◽  
Emirie Hunegnaw ◽  
Moges Tiruneh
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Rural Dwellers ◽  
Prison Admission

Background. Tuberculosis, mainly in prisoners, is a major public health problem in Ethiopia where there is no medical screening during prison admission. This creates scarcity of TB data in such settings. Objective. To determine prevalence and associated factors of TB in prisons in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2016 among 265 prisoners in three prison sites. Sputum was processed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Multivariable logistic regression was used; p values = 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. Of 265 prisoners, 9 (3.4%) were TB positive (males); 77.8%, 55.6%, and 55.6% of cases were rural dwellers, married, and farmers, respectively. Seven (2.6%) prisoners were HIV positive, and 3 (1.13%) had TB/HIV coinfection. One (0.4%) TB case was rifampicin resistant. Marriage (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.7, 13.03), HIV (AOR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.17), and sharing of rooms (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI: 2.6, 10.20) were predictors for TB. Conclusion. Nine prisoners were TB positive. One case showed rifampicin resistance and three had TB/HIV coinfection. Marriage, HIV, and sharing of rooms were predictors for TB. Prevention/control and monitoring are mandatory in such settings.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among HIV Infected Drug Users in Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
SC Verma ◽  
GP Dhungana ◽  
HS Joshi ◽  
HB Kunwar ◽  
RK Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Attributes ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Major Drug ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: Studies conducted in different countries suggest that HIV infected drug users have a higher chance of acquiring pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in comparison to general population. However, there is no information about the prevalence of PTB among HIV infected drug users in Nepal. Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to document the socio-demographic and behavioral attributes; clinical symptoms and prevalence of PTB in HIV infected drug users in Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we enrolled 62 HIV infected drug users not diagnosed with PTB in the past from five HIV care centers in Pokhara. Using questionnaire, first we documented participants’ socio-demographic and behavioral attributes and clinical symptoms. This was followed by tuberculosis testing in all enrolled participants at the Regional Tuberculosis Center (RTC) in Pokhara. Results: Of the 62 HIV infected drug users, PTB was diagnosed in 3 (4.8%) participants. All of them were male in the productive age group. Cough was the major clinical symptoms (54.8%) in the study participants. About 91.9% participants reported they had acquired HIV infection through injecting drug use. Buprenorphine/heroin was the major drug used (48.4%) for addiction. Conclusion: This study provides first evidence of prevalence of PTB in HIV infected drug users in Nepal. The findings suggest tuberculosis testing be conducted in HIV infected persons including the HIV infected drug users in Nepal. Early detection of PTB in HIV infected drug users may help to reduce the morbidity and mortality as well as spread of TB in the community. Keywords: Drug users; HIV/AIDS; Nepal; Pokhara; TuberculosisDOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v7i2.4401SAARC J. TUBER. LUNG DIS. HIV/AIDS 2010 VII(2) 19-25

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Pneumococcal Carriage among HIV-Infected Individuals in the Conjugate Vaccine Era: A Study in Southern Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas TKD Dayie ◽  
Michael Baffuor-Asare ◽  
Appiah-Korang Labi ◽  
Noah Obeng-Nkrumah ◽  
Edeghonghon Olayemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Southern Ghana ◽  
Hiv Aids

Carriage of pneumococcus is considered as the precursor for development of pneumococcal disease. In sub-Saharan Africa, very little research has been done on the pneumococcus in relation to people with HIV infection in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. This study investigated pneumococcal carriage among HIV/AIDS patients in southern Ghana to determine the prevalence, risk factors, serotypes and antibiotic resistance of the organism. This was a cross sectional study involving 245 HIV/AIDS patients recruited from Korle Bu Teaching Hospital and Princess Marie Louis Hospital in Accra from November 2016 to March 2017. Epidemiological data on demographic, household and clinical features of the study participants were collected. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs were also collected from the study participants and cultured for Streptococcus pneumoniae; the isolates were serotyped by latex agglutination and Quellung reaction. Antimicrobial disc susceptibility was performed on the isolates, and antibiotics tested included tetracycline, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole, levofloxacin, oxacillin and ceftriaxone. Prevalence of pneumococcal carriage among the study participants was 11% (95% CI: 7.4 to 15.6); carriage among children and adults was 25% (95% CI: 14% to 38.9%) and 7.3% (95% CI: 4% to 11.9%) respectively. School attendance (p=0.001) and history of pneumococcal disease in the past year (p=0.001) were significantly associated with pneumococcal carriage. The most prevalent pneumococcal serotypes carried by the study participants were 19A (15.4%) and 23F (15.4%). Serotype coverage of the various pneumococcal vaccines were PCV10 (23.1%), PCV13 (42.3%) and PPV23 (50%). The prevalence of pneumococcal multidrug resistance was 18.5%. In conclusion, pneumococcal carriage among HIV-infected children was three-fold higher compared to carriage among HIV-infected adults. Pneumococcal carriage among both HIV-infected children and adults in the study area tends to be characterized by a predominance of non-vaccine serotypes and a considerable level of multidrug resistance.

scholarly journals Study On The Prevalence Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Hiv Positive Attending Hiv Clinics In Eastern Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
DK Yadav ◽  
N Jha ◽  
PK Pokharel ◽  
SR Niraula ◽  
SK Bhattacharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. More than 2 billion people are infected with TB bacilli worldwide. It is a leading public health problem particularly in the developing countries. The HIV epidemic has increased the global tuberculosis burden. TB is the commonest opportunistic infection and leading cause of mortality of People living with HIV (PLHA). Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in Nepal. The objective of the study is to determine prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among HIV positives attending HIV clinics in Eastern Nepal, and to assess the socio-demographic factors associated with TB and HIV/AIDS. Methodology: Cross-sectional prospective study was carried out among HIV positive attending different VCT and HIV clinics from Sunsari Morang and Jhapa district of Eastern Nepal. Face to face interview was performed and sputum sample were collected using convenience sampling technique. Data was collected from PLHA on related information on Socio-demographic profi le, risk taking behavior with the help of pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Univariate and bivariate analysis were performed using SPSS 15.0. Chi-squire test was performed to establish statistical signifi cance between dependent and independent variables. Results: Out of total 242 PLHA, 75.2% were males and 24.8% females; around half of them (48.8%) were in the age group of (30-39) yrs, 23% in (25-29) yrs, and 15.7% in (20-24) years. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was found to be 27.3% (n=66). PTB was high among IDU’s (48.6%), followed by clients of CSWs (21%), housewife (13.6%), highway truck drivers (10.6%) and CSWs (6%). Conclusion: Prevalence of PTB is very high among PLHA attending VCT & HIV clinics of Eastern Nepal. This study reveals that PTB is signifi cantly associated with increasing age, risk taking behavior and place of residence. There is urgent need of active case fi nding as well as periodic screening among people living with HIV/AIDS of this region to address HIV-associated TB morbidity and mortality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v8i1.5885 SAARCTB 2011; 8(1): 1-8

scholarly journals Sero-Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among HIV-Positive Patients in Khartoum : A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Elghazali Mohammed ◽  
Mustafa Yassin ◽  
Khalid Anan ◽  
Awadalkareem Omer ◽  
Mutaz A. Elsir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background and Aim : Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common comorbidities in HIV-positive patients with CD4+ T lymphocytes below 200 cells/μl. Toxoplasmosis with encephalitis may affect HIV infection, in particular in patients with developing AIDS. Early diagnosis and treatment of toxoplasmosis reduces the mortality rate in HIV-positive people. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in HIV-positive patients in Khartoum, Sudan using serological and molecular methods. Methods : This was a descriptive cross sectional, hospital based study, blood sample were collected from 100 participants; out of them were 50 HIV/AIDS patients and 50 were healthy Blood donors attending HIV Center -Omdurman Hospital, and Sudan Heart Center blood bank respectively. Socio- demographic data were collected by structured questionnaire. Of the 50 HIV/AIDS patients, 25 (50%) were from each gender, their age ranged between 22 and 62 with mean of 39.5+10.69. They were classified into two age groups; from 22 to 42 years, and from 43 to 62 years, and their distribution was 29 (58%), and 21 (42%) respectively. According to the clinical stage they were classified into the four clinical-stage groups and their distribution was as following: 06 (12.0%) in stage 1, 02 (04%) in stage 2, 40 (80.0%) in stage 3, and 02 (04.0%) in stage 4. Twelve of them (22%) were under ART treatments. The 50 blood donors on their hand were all males, their age was ranged between 18 and 42 years old. Regarding their educatio, 15 (30%) were educated, while the remaining 35 (70%) were none educated. Mentioning their marital status 10 (20%) were married, while 40 (80%) were single. Regarding the contact with cats 25 (50%) has contact with cats. All samples collected were tested for anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA, and by PCR for detection of Toxoplasma DNA.. Results: Out of the 50 HIV/AIDS patients; Anti-Toxoplasma IgM was detected in two patients (04%), while IgG was detected in 08 (16%) patients, the Toxoplasma DNA was detected in three (06%) patients.Regarding the blood donors group; all studied blood donors showed negative results for anti-toxoplasma IgM, while 16 (32%) showed positive anti-Toxoplasma IgG.No blood donors sample was detected positive for Toxoplasma DNA with PCR. There were no significant differences in comparison between the blood donors and the HIV/AIDS patients regarding serological and molecular toxoplasma test results. Conclusion : The current study showed a relatively high seroprevalance of anti-T.gondii IgG and low IgM antibodies in HIV-positive patients in comparison with previous studies in Sudan. Considering the relatively high seroprevalance rate of toxoplasma infection in blood donors reported in this study, toxoplasmosis should be considered as a significant transfusion risk.

scholarly journals Correlation of clinical profile toward oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Maharani Laillyza Apriasari ◽  
Nur Aprilyani ◽  
Amy Nindia Carabelly ◽  
Juliyatin Putri Utami
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Oral Manifestation ◽  
Oral Thrush ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) exhibits the capability to weaken human immune system. The infected subject will later be more susceptible to suffer from opportunistic diseases when the CD4 cell count is lesser than 200 cell/µL. Oral Thrush, periodontal disease and xerostomia are common oral manifestations in AIDS patient which initially indicate the presence of HIV infection. No research has been conducted to discuss the association between oral manifestation HIV/AIDS toward socio-demographic and clinical profile of the HIV/AIDS patients. Therefore, this study was aimed to analyse the association between oral manifestation HIV/AIDS toward socio-demographic and clinical profile of the HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: This was an analysis study with cross sectional design performed in 2019. The data of clinical profil of HIV AIDS patient and oral manifestation were obtained from secondary data of medical record.The 55 samples were taken with total sampling technique.  Results: Chi-square test showed there was a significant correlation between number of  CD4 with candidiasis, oral thrush and periodontal disease. There was a significant correlation between duration of ARV therapy and candidiasis, oral thrush (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a correlation between the number of CD4 cells and the duration of ARV treatment on candidiasis,oral thrush, periodontal disease and xerostomia.

scholarly journals Magnitude And Associated Factors Of Delayed Immunization Among Children Aged11 -23 Months In Edagahamus Town, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merhawit Gebremeskel Hagos ◽  
Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel ◽  
Selam Shushay Kassahun ◽  
Birhane Hailu Gebrezgi ◽  
Manay Kifle Woldegebriel
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Epidemics ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Delay in receiving immunization is a major public health problem that has been associated with vaccine preventable disease epidemics. In Ethiopia, many children have not received the benefits of age appropriate immunization; thus more than 90% of child deaths are largely due to preventable communicable diseases. Therefore, assessment of magnitude and associated factors of delayed child immunization is essential to prevent morbidity and mortality among children. Objective To assess magnitude and factors associated with delayed immunization among 11 -23 months old children in Edagahamus Town, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018 G.C. Method and materials A community based Cross-Sectional study was carried out on July1-30, 2018. Simple random sampling method was used to select study participants. Information was collected using structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Vaccination dates were obtained from children immunization cards and timeliness assessed based on the recommended age ranges. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Variable with P-value < 0.2 in bivariatewere exported to multivariate. The strength of association was identified using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-value of <0.05 in multivariate was taken statistically significant. Results In this study the overall magnitude of delayed immunization was29.5%(95%CI 26.7-45). Private firm work of mothers(AOR=0.205 95% CI 0.068-0.617), sickness of the child(AOR= 11.8, 95% CI 6.16-22.65), Mothers who attend tertiary education (AOR 0.169, 95% CI 0.032-0.882) and secondary education (AOR 0.269, 95% CI 0.114-0.636) were significantly associated with delayed immunization. Conclusion From the study it is concluded that the magnitude of delayed immunization for children aged 12-23 months is high (29.5%) in Edagahamus. Delayed immunizations of children were predicted by Mother’s occupation, education and experience of illness of the child.

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