scholarly journals Indoor Air Pollution as a Risk Factor of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj Acharya ◽  
Pradip Mishra ◽  
Veena Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Family History ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
History Of

Introduction: This study was conducted to find out if indoor air pollution has any risk in occurrence of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) in children.Materials and methods: It was a case control study conducted on total 214 children 107 cases and 107 controls fulfilling the inclusion criteria with age and sex matched. Detailed history and physical examination was done after taking informed consent. History of upper respiratory tract infection in the family members and siblings, history of smoking by various family members, details of cooking fuel and indoor pollution was also recorded.Results: Those families using wood as a cooking material were associated with higher risk of ALRI (p=0.0001). Exposure to domestic animal was significantly positively associated (p=0.0001) and seven times higher risk to develop ALRI as compared to control group. Those children of case group who did not have separate kitchen were having nine times higher risk of ALRI (p=0.001). Family history of smoking was associated with six times increased risk of ALRI (p=0.001). With the use of kerosene lamps risk of ALRI was increased by 1.44 times (p=0.012).Conclusions: The significant environmental risk factors for ALRI were wood as cooking material, presence of domestic animal, place for cooking, family history of smoking, absence of windows and kerosene lamp as a source of light.Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College Vol.13(1) 2015: 5-7  

scholarly journals Genetic susceptibility to asthma increases the vulnerability to indoor air pollution

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1901831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Hüls ◽  
Aneesa Vanker ◽  
Diane Gray ◽  
Nastassja Koen ◽  
Julia L. MacIsaac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

IntroductionIndoor air pollution and maternal smoking during pregnancy are associated with respiratory symptoms in infants, but little is known about the direct association with lung function or interactions with genetic risk factors. We examined associations of exposure to indoor particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm (PM10) and maternal smoking with infant lung function and the role of gene–environment interactions.MethodsData from the Drakenstein Child Health Study, a South African birth cohort, were analysed (n=270). Lung function was measured at 6 weeks and 1 year of age, and lower respiratory tract infection episodes were documented. We measured pre- and postnatal PM10 exposures using devices placed in homes, and prenatal tobacco smoke exposure using maternal urine cotinine levels. Genetic risk scores determined from associations with childhood-onset asthma in the UK Biobank were used to investigate effect modifications.ResultsPre- and postnatal exposure to PM10 as well as maternal smoking during pregnancy were associated with reduced lung function at 6 weeks and 1 year as well as with lower respiratory tract infection in the first year. Due to a significant interaction between the genetic risk score and prenatal exposure to PM10, infants carrying more asthma-related risk alleles were more susceptible to PM10-associated reduced lung function (pinteraction=0.007). This interaction was stronger in infants with Black African ancestry (pinteraction=0.001) and nonexistent in children with mixed ancestry (pinteraction=0.876).ConclusionsPM10 and maternal smoking exposures were associated with reduced lung function, with a higher susceptibility for infants with an adverse genetic predisposition for asthma that also depended on the infant's ancestry.

scholarly journals Prevalence of lower respiratory tract infection in tertiary care hospital, Thane

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Shrikant Joshi ◽  
Kamil Shaikh ◽  
Vrushali V. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital

Background: World health organization (WHO) predicted lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) as primary cause of mortality world-wide. The present study was undertaken to know the various types of LRTI in children <5 years of age and analyze factors influencing the morbidity and mortality of those cases.Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study for 100 infected children with LRTI was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of metropolitan city. Demographic, clinical history and examination, necessary investigations were performed and followed regularly for desired outcome.Results: 51% children were in the age-group of 1 to 5 years who reported acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) and 49% were below 1 year age. The study reported LTRI incidence in 63% male and 37% female children whereas the family history of incidence of LRTI was present in 18% cases. Fever, cough and retraction complaints were the prominent symptoms. Hyperinflation was the major finding in chest X-ray. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the common bacterial pathogens isolated. Bronchiolitis was the commonest cause (39%) followed by lobar pneumonia (37%).Conclusions: Various types of clinical presentations, risk factors and types of LRTI in children less than 5 years of age were studied. A result of this study will be useful to understand the etiology and bacterial pathogens in management of clinical outcome. Modifiable risk factors for LRTI like family history, past history, immunization status, and malnutrition can be tackled through effective health education of the community, leading to a healthy society.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes mellitus and lower respiratory tract infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Pradnya S. Kale ◽  
Swapna R. Kanade ◽  
Gita Nataraj ◽  
Preeti R. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diabetic Treatment ◽  
Xpert Assay

Background: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) still remains a global public health problem. Diabetes Mellitus (DM), is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia. Diabetes along with poor glycaemic control leads to an immune compromised state. As prevalence of both TB and DM is increasing in India, this association of PTB and DM may prove a threat to TB control program. Aims and objectives of the study was to detect prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with DM and Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI).Methods: Sputum specimen from consecutive 250 known diabetic adult patients with type 2 diabetes and clinical evidence of LRTI were processed for microscopy, solid culture and Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Clinical findings, duration of DM, regularity of treatment and recent fasting blood glucose level were noted.Results: TB was detected in 31(12.8%) patients. Microscopy, culture and Xpert assay were positive in 14(5.6%), 29(11.6%) and 24(9.5%) cases respectively. Culture detected seven cases more than Xpert assay. Two additional cases were detected by Xpert assay than culture. Rifampicin resistance was detected in seven (29.17%) cases by Xpert assay. TB detection rate was higher in patients with more than two weeks of cough (14.38%), history of tuberculosis (15.9%), hyperglycemia (13.9%) and significantly higher in those with irregular anti-diabetic treatment (35.7%).Conclusions: Irregular anti-diabetic treatment, hyperglycaemia and history of tuberculosis were strongly associated with pulmonary TB. Xpert assay should be used as the initial diagnostic test for detection of tuberculosis as well as rifampicin resistance in diabetic patients by TB control programme.

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