scholarly journals Correlation between Clinical Symptoms of Various Colorectal Diseases and Colonoscopic Findings

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Roman Kidwai ◽  
Anup Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Colorectal Diseases ◽  
Male To Female

Background: About 30% of patients presenting to surgical outpatient department has lower gastrointestinal (LGI) symptoms. Colonoscopy is a low risk and at the same time investigation of choice in these patients which allows visualization of the entire colon and the terminal portion of ileum. This study was done to find out the diagnostic accuracy of colonoscopy in relation to the clinical symptoms of the disease.  Methods: This was a prospective, hospital based study from February 2014 to March 2019 carried out at Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital. The colonoscopy diagnosis was compared with the clinical symptoms and further confirmed with histological examination.  Results: 341 patients underwent colonoscopy. There were 234 (68.62%) males and 107 (31.37%) females with the male to female ratio of 2.18: 1. The age ranged from 16 to 81 with the mean age of 59.63±10.37. The most common presenting symptom was per rectal bleeding (40.34%) the after were alteration in bowel habit (17.30%), constipation (12.90%), hematochezia (11.43%). The least common indication for colonoscopy was unexplained anemia. Haemorrhoids were the most common findings consisting 32.55%. In 19.94% it was normal. Majority had various inflammatory conditions, among them 10.85% had proctocolitis, 2.34% were suspected to have ulcerative colitis. There were 17(4.98%) patients with colonic and 13(3.18%)with rectal carcinoma. 10.55% had colorectal polyps. Out of 111 patients suspected to have hemorrhoids clinically 102 had same findings on colonoscopy. Similarly 34 patients presenting with chronic diarrhea with bleeding and 59 with alteration in bowel habit where inflammatory conditions were suspected had similar findings on colonoscopy in 29 and 34 patients respectively. Similarly the suspicion of malignancy on clinical basis was also correlated on colonoscopy. The inflammatory conditions diagnosed on colonoscopy were confirmed in 85.04 % by histology. Similarly malignancy and the presence of polyps diagnosed on colonoscopy were confirmed by histology in 97.05% and in 97.22% cases respectively. Conclusion: Colonoscopy is a safe and effective investigation to diagnose various colorectal conditions. There was a correlation between the clinical symptoms and the colonoscopicdiagnosis especially in conditions like inflammatory and neoplastic colorectal diseases. When combined with histology the diagnostic accuracy can be near 100% in conditions like inflammatory and benign or malignant diseases.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Rapid Diagnostic Kits Test for Diagnosis of Malaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2826-2828
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahsan Zafar ◽  
Sidra Khalid ◽  
Talha Munir
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Kits ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Malaria Antigen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male To Female

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic kits test for diagnosis of malaria taking microscopy as gold standard Methodology: A total of 375 cases with age range 18-65 years of either gender as suspected for malaria were included in the study. We excluded all those cases already taking anti-malarial drugs. The study was conducted at Chughtais Lahore Lab, Lahore. Required blood sample were obtained following aseptic measures. Malaria RDT SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Pf/Pan (Catalogue No. 05FK60, Standard Diagnostics Inc, Hagal-Dong, Korea, from now on referred as “SD RDT”) was used. Patients were labeled as positive or negative on the basis of reports from hematology department assessed by microscopy and patients were labeled as positive or negative Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.84±13.44 years, male to female ratio of the patients was 1.01:1. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the RDT for diagnosing malaria was 96.79%, 96.28% and 96.53% respectively taking microscopy as gold standard Conclusion: Rapid diagnostic kits is very useful reliable test with high diagnostic accuracy for diagnosis of malaria taking microscopy as gold standard Keywords: Microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic kits, Malaria,

scholarly journals Accuracy of GRK-2200T Auto-refkeratometer in Subjective Acceptance for Refractive Errors

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 645-648
Author(s):  
Bishwa Nath Adhikari ◽  
Pramod Sharma Gautam ◽  
Shishu Upadhyay ◽  
Uday Chandra Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Spherical Component ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Day By Day

Introduction: Globally, the most common cause for diminution of vision is refractive errors and the number of patients with refractive errors is increasing day by day. The Auto-refraction (AR) is quick and patient friendly procedure as compared to retinoscopy and subjective refraction in finding out refractive errors. Hence, the accuracy of Auto-refractometer in terms of subjective acceptance (SA) should be taken into account before prescribing optical correction based on findings of that particular model of Auto-refractometer. So, this study is directed towards analysis of the accuracy of GRK-2200T Auto-retieratometer in terms of acceptance by comparing findings of AR with that of SC. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the refractive status of patient's eyes using auto refractometer (GRK-2200T auto-retierato meter) and to estimate the agreement of it in terms of accuracy in acceptance of subjective correction by the patient. Methodology: A hospital based prospective comparative study conducted on 226 eyes of 113 patients who visited out-patient department (OPD) of Ophthalmology at Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NoMCTH), Biratnagar diagnosed with Myopia, Hyperopia and Astigmatism. Duration of study was 4 months from 2nd October, 2018 to 2nd February, 2019. All data thus collected was subjected to statistical analysis by using SPSS version 22. Result The mean age of the study subjects was 26.91±7.79 years with male to female ratio of 0.47. When spherical power, cylindrical power and the axis are taken into consideration together, only 13.3% of the total tested eyes subjectively accepted the AR values unchanged. On subjective correction, 32.7% of the tested eyes accepted spherical power while 46.5% accepted cylindrical power and 50.9% accepted axis of AR unchanged. About 52.2% of the total eyes examined fall within the deviation of spherical equivalent (SE) of ±o.25D and up to 67.3% of them fall within the deviation of ±o.50D. Conclusion The auto refraction by GRK-2200T auto-retieratometer was found to be satisfactory for a preliminary refraction but not satisfactory as substitutes for conventional subjective refraction. However, auto refraction values obtained by GRK-2200T auto-retieratometer could be important in order to accurately prescribe the cylindrical power as well as its axis than the spherical component.

scholarly journals Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Early Travel-Associated COVID-19 Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reham M. Marei ◽  
Mohamed M. Emara ◽  
Omar M. Elsaied ◽  
Gheyath K. Nasrallah ◽  
Tawanda Chivese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Male To Female

Background: SARS-CoV-2 continues to claim hundreds of thousands of people's lives. It mostly affects the elderly and those with chronic illness but can also be fatal in younger age groups. This article is the first comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological and clinical outcomes of the travel-associated SARS-CoV-2 cases until April 19, 2020.Methods: Demographic and clinical data of travel-associated SARS-CoV-2 cases were collected for the period between January 16, 2020 and April 19, 2020. More than one hundred and eighty databases were searched, including the World Health Organization (WHO) database, countries' ministries websites, and official media sites. Demographic and clinical data were extracted and analyzed.Results: A total of 1,186 cases from 144 countries meeting the inclusion criteria were reported and included in the analysis. The mean age of the cases was 44 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Travel-associated cases originated from more than 40 countries, with China, Italy, and Iran reporting the highest numbers at 208, 225, and 155, respectively. Clinical symptoms varied between patients, with some reporting symptoms during the flights (117 cases; 9.87%). A total of 312 (26.31%) cases were hospitalized, of which 50 cases (4.22%) were fatal.Conclusion: Major gaps exist in the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of the COVID-19 travel-associated cases due to a lack of reporting and sharing data of many counties. The identification and implementation of methodologies for measuring traveler's risk to coronavirus would help in minimizing the spread of the virus, especially in the next waves.

scholarly journals Diaphragmatic Hernia with Atypical Presentation - A Case Series

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
SMA Shahid ◽  
MN Ali ◽  
M Ahmed ◽  
SS Islam ◽  
SB Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Case Series ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Challenging Situation ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Diaphragmatic Hernias

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia is one of the most challenging diagnosis faced by pediatric surgeons. From the time of its first anatomic description more than 300 years ago, CDH has carried a high mortality rate. We aimed to review patients who presented with hernia of diaphragm during the last six months. In this retrospective study, the medical records of three patients treated for diaphragmatic hernias who were admitted to Rajshahi Medical College Hospital between July 2012 and December 2012 were analyzed. Three patients with age of 45 days to 7 years were included in the study. Male to female ratio was 1:2. All patients had left-sided diaphragmatic hernia. Chest X-ray was obtained from all patients which was diagnostic. One patient needed thoracotomy incision. No patient required mesh repair. The mean hospitalization time was 14 days. There was no postoperative death. Diaphragmatic hernia is an uncommon and challenging situation for the surgeon. Prompt diagnosis and treatment prevent serious morbidity and mortality associated with complications such as gangrene and perforation of herniated organ. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21050 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 45-50

scholarly journals Sulcal FLAIR hyperintensity - Finding beyond meningitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Aishwerya Singh ◽  
Sweta Krishnan ◽  
Ruchi Gupta ◽  
Samiullah Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Effect ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Diagnostic Confidence ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Meningeal Tumor ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Flair Sequence ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male To Female

Introduction: The aim of this study was to enumerate the causes of Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity in the sulcal space which could be due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or non-CSF related pathologies. Methods and Materials: This is an observational retrospective study done in 100 patients in the department of Radio-diagnosis of Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna from September 2019 to September 2020. Results: The mean age of patients was 40.13 +/- 13.88 years (Range 19 to 75 years). Male to female ratio was 1.32:1.00 (57:43). The most common cause of FLAIR sulcal hyperintensity was infection in 66% cases followed by meningeal tumor deposits in 16%, vascular cause in 6%, subarachnoid hemorrhage in 5%, mass effect in 5%, dermoid rupture in 1% and hyperoxygenation in 1%. Conclusion: Presence of sulcal hyperintensity on FLAIR images is a very strong sign to an underlying brain pathology. A keen observation of the same on FLAIR sequence in association with other findings can increase diagnostic confidence and thus lead to better patient care.

Obliterative otosclerosis

1991 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 899-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Raman ◽  
John Mathew ◽  
John Idikula
Keyword(s):  
Age At Onset ◽  
Christian Medical College ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male To Female

AbstractAn analysis of 420 consecutive cases of obliterative otosclerosis seen in the Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore is presented. The proportion of truly obliterative otosclerosis is 33.09 per cent (139 ears). Our male to female ratio in truly obliterative otosclerosis is 1.48:1, while in the non-obliterative group it was 1.34:1. The mean age at onset in the obliterative group was 19.14 while in the non-oblierative group it was 25.60. This is statistically (P<0.001). The age at presentation was 25.90 in the obliterative group while in non-obliterative group it was 30.86; this is also statistically significant (P<0.001). However the time interval between the age at onset and the age at presentation is not statistically significant.

scholarly journals A study of association of H. pylori infection and cholelithiasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Virendra S. Athavale ◽  
Shivmurti N. Khandalkar ◽  
Prachi C. Bhide ◽  
Iresh Shetty ◽  
Aditya Lad
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Aims and objective of the study was to study the association of H. Pylori infection and cholelithiasis.Methods: The study was conducted at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, DPU University, for a period of 2 years and is a descriptive cross-sectional type of study using 100 patients.Results: In this study 26 % of total patients were seen in the age group of 21-30 years. The mean age of the patients was 26 years. 78 patients in present study were male (78%) and only 22 were females (22%) male predominance was seen. male to female ratio is 3.5:1. 18 % patients show association with cholelithiasis and 84 patients were detected positive by RUT method.Conclusions: H. pylori infection has a positive association with cholelithiasis and if eradicated, may lead to prevention of gallstones.

scholarly journals Association between hypertension and the severity of new onset ischemic stroke in Diabetic patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Hashmi Sina ◽  
Tamanna Mustary ◽  
Kazi Gias Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed Hossain Chowdhury ◽  
Kanol Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
New Onset

Objective: To evaluate the association between hypertension and the severity of new onset ischemic stroke patient with diabetes mellitus. Method: This Cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Neurology, BSMMU, Dhaka, from February 2013 to September 2014 on 50 patients with first attack of ischemic stroke with DM. mRS was measured on 14th day of the stroke. During this period other important relevant investigations were also recorded. Result: In this study, out of 50 patients, 40.0% were in age group 51-60 years and the mean age of the patients was 58.9 ± 9.6 years with a range from 30 to 75 years. Males were 52.0% and females were 48.0%. Male to female ratio was 1.08:1. It was observed that more than one third (36.0%) patients were current smoker, 9(18.0%) were former smoker and 23(46.0%) were non smoker. More than half of the patients had hypertension (58.0%). Mean systolic BP was 129 ±16 mmHg with a range from 90 to 160 mmHg and the mean diastolic BP was 81±11 mmHg with a range from 60 to 100 mmHg. No association was found between hypertension with severity of new onset ischemic stroke in Diabetic patients. Conclusion: As per study result it can be concluded that there is no association between hypertension and the severity of new onset ischemic stroke in Diabetic patients. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.1, April, 2019, Page 7-10

scholarly journals Clinicopathological study of sinonasal masses

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu HenaMohammad Parvez Humayun ◽  
AHM Zahurul Huq ◽  
SM Tarequddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Shah Kamal ◽  
Kyaw Khin U ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Head Neck Surgery ◽  
Head Neck

Objective: To observe the incidence, clinical presentation and to perform comparative studyof different sinonasal masses. Study design: Prospective study. Setting: Department ofotolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery & ENT OPD of Chittagong Medical College Hospital.Patients & methods: 50 patients are included in this study (39 male & 11 female) between theages of 3 years and 80 years who were treated between August 2006 to January 2007. Studybased on history, clinical, radiological, laboratory and histopathological examination. Results:Mean age for male was 35.12 years and for female was 22.63 years. Male to female ratio was3.5:1. Highest frequency was noted in second decade. Most of patient (78%) were from poorclass. Frequency of inflammatory nasal masses were more in second decade, benign tumourin fourth and fifth decade, malignant tumour in second decade (OAN & NHL) and fifth andsecond decades (others). Rhinosporidiosis were most frequent inflammatory nasal masses.Nasal obstruction was the commonest and orbitus symptoms were less frequent symptoms.But orbital symptoms were more prevalent in malignant lesion. Conclusion: sinonasal massesare found in all age group. Rhinosporidiosis are appearing to be the commonest nasal masses.The prevalence of nasal polyp is also high. Among the malignant sinonasal masses thepercentage of squamous cell carcinoma is high.DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v16i1.5776Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 16(1): 15-22

scholarly journals Does Static Intra Access Pressure Monitoring of Arteriovenous Fistulas Predicts Intra Access Stenosis?

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abaid ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
Omer Sabir ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin Riaz ◽  
Mubashar Dilawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Doppler Us ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Male To Female

The initiation of hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires vascular access formation. The choice of vascular access for individual patient depends on various factors however arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is conventionally considered to be the vascular access of choice. Once hemodialysis is initiated through a mature AVF, there is an ongoing need for surveillance of the AVF to ensure adequate function and prevent vascular access issues among which flow obstruction (both inflow and outflow) remains the most important. AVF stenosis can potentially lead to inadequate dialysis delivery and thrombosis thus leading to access loss. Physical examination and AVF Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) are useful for evaluation of stenosis in the  arteriovenous connection and the outflow tract. Periodic assessment of the AVF with Static Intra access Pressure (SIAPR) determination may be a reliable means of predicting vascular access stenosis. Material & Methods  A cross sectional study carried out at Department of Nephrology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore from July 2018 to December 2018. In total 113 patients were included, and all patients underwent SIAPR assessment and Doppler Ultrasound of AVF. Results Mean age of the patients was 56.81±9.38 years, male to female ratio of the patients was 1.8:1. In this study the SIAPR was suggestive of  stenosis in 87(76.99%) patients. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of SIAPR against Doppler US of the AVF for detection of stenosis was 75.86%, 22.62% & 36.28% respectively Conclusion SIAPR has low specificity and diagnostic accuracy compared to Doppler US for detection of AVF stenosis.

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