scholarly journals Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Early Travel-Associated COVID-19 Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reham M. Marei ◽  
Mohamed M. Emara ◽  
Omar M. Elsaied ◽  
Gheyath K. Nasrallah ◽  
Tawanda Chivese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Male To Female

Background: SARS-CoV-2 continues to claim hundreds of thousands of people's lives. It mostly affects the elderly and those with chronic illness but can also be fatal in younger age groups. This article is the first comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological and clinical outcomes of the travel-associated SARS-CoV-2 cases until April 19, 2020.Methods: Demographic and clinical data of travel-associated SARS-CoV-2 cases were collected for the period between January 16, 2020 and April 19, 2020. More than one hundred and eighty databases were searched, including the World Health Organization (WHO) database, countries' ministries websites, and official media sites. Demographic and clinical data were extracted and analyzed.Results: A total of 1,186 cases from 144 countries meeting the inclusion criteria were reported and included in the analysis. The mean age of the cases was 44 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Travel-associated cases originated from more than 40 countries, with China, Italy, and Iran reporting the highest numbers at 208, 225, and 155, respectively. Clinical symptoms varied between patients, with some reporting symptoms during the flights (117 cases; 9.87%). A total of 312 (26.31%) cases were hospitalized, of which 50 cases (4.22%) were fatal.Conclusion: Major gaps exist in the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of the COVID-19 travel-associated cases due to a lack of reporting and sharing data of many counties. The identification and implementation of methodologies for measuring traveler's risk to coronavirus would help in minimizing the spread of the virus, especially in the next waves.

scholarly journals Correlation between Clinical Symptoms of Various Colorectal Diseases and Colonoscopic Findings

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Roman Kidwai ◽  
Anup Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Colorectal Diseases ◽  
Male To Female

Background: About 30% of patients presenting to surgical outpatient department has lower gastrointestinal (LGI) symptoms. Colonoscopy is a low risk and at the same time investigation of choice in these patients which allows visualization of the entire colon and the terminal portion of ileum. This study was done to find out the diagnostic accuracy of colonoscopy in relation to the clinical symptoms of the disease.  Methods: This was a prospective, hospital based study from February 2014 to March 2019 carried out at Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital. The colonoscopy diagnosis was compared with the clinical symptoms and further confirmed with histological examination.  Results: 341 patients underwent colonoscopy. There were 234 (68.62%) males and 107 (31.37%) females with the male to female ratio of 2.18: 1. The age ranged from 16 to 81 with the mean age of 59.63±10.37. The most common presenting symptom was per rectal bleeding (40.34%) the after were alteration in bowel habit (17.30%), constipation (12.90%), hematochezia (11.43%). The least common indication for colonoscopy was unexplained anemia. Haemorrhoids were the most common findings consisting 32.55%. In 19.94% it was normal. Majority had various inflammatory conditions, among them 10.85% had proctocolitis, 2.34% were suspected to have ulcerative colitis. There were 17(4.98%) patients with colonic and 13(3.18%)with rectal carcinoma. 10.55% had colorectal polyps. Out of 111 patients suspected to have hemorrhoids clinically 102 had same findings on colonoscopy. Similarly 34 patients presenting with chronic diarrhea with bleeding and 59 with alteration in bowel habit where inflammatory conditions were suspected had similar findings on colonoscopy in 29 and 34 patients respectively. Similarly the suspicion of malignancy on clinical basis was also correlated on colonoscopy. The inflammatory conditions diagnosed on colonoscopy were confirmed in 85.04 % by histology. Similarly malignancy and the presence of polyps diagnosed on colonoscopy were confirmed by histology in 97.05% and in 97.22% cases respectively. Conclusion: Colonoscopy is a safe and effective investigation to diagnose various colorectal conditions. There was a correlation between the clinical symptoms and the colonoscopicdiagnosis especially in conditions like inflammatory and neoplastic colorectal diseases. When combined with histology the diagnostic accuracy can be near 100% in conditions like inflammatory and benign or malignant diseases.

scholarly journals Consideration of the Psychological and Mental Health of the Elderly during COVID-19: A Theoretical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunho Lee ◽  
Goo-Churl Jeong ◽  
JongEun Yim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

COVID-19 has spread worldwide causing an unprecedented public health crisis. After the World Health Organization declared a pandemic in March 2020, the number of confirmed cases and deaths has continued to increase. This situation may be prolonged until an effective, tested, and safe treatment is available. COVID-19 can occur at any age. However, the maximum confirmed cases and deaths have occurred among the elderly. Particularly, the mental and physical health of the elderly aged above 60 and classified as high-risk groups is more vulnerable than other age groups, requiring more attention. Strong social restraint, social distancing, and quarantine measures to prevent the COVID-19 spread have raised concerns about their mental health. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze and identify the psychological concepts and protective factors that support and constitute these guidelines and strategies and prepare practical suggestions and guidelines to protect the mental health of the elderly during COVID-19. These discussions will facilitate a deeper understanding and expansion of these guidelines and strategies. Therefore, this study explores factors—including pandemic-induced stress, self-integration, self-efficacy, and resilience—in order to prepare practical and detailed suggestions and guidelines using studies that considered these factors, including coping with COVID-19-induced stress, social support, and physical activity.

scholarly journals Two Hyperparasitaemic Plasmodium Falciparum Cases Successfully Treated with Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benudhar Mukhi ◽  
Anupkumar R. Anvikar ◽  
Bina Srivast ◽  
Himanshu Gupta ◽  
Susanta Kumar Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Complications And Mortality ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract BackgroundHyperparasitaemia is an important event in a cascade of Plasmodium falciparum severe malaria (SM) but requires host responses to cause cerebral malaria (CM) leading to death, if left untreated. Here, we report two hyperparasitaemic patients with no CM.MethodsMalaria diagnosis was performed based on thick and thin smears examination, and immunochromatographic-based rapid diagnostic test assay. Parasitaemia was calculated following World Health Organization (WHO) protocol. Haematological and biochemical investigations were also performed. ResultsThe first patient had 42% parasitaemia (100% asexual parasites). The second one had 9.5% parasitaemia comprising 46% asexual, and 54% sexual stages with 1:1 male to female ratio. On the day of admission, both had presented abnormal haematological and biochemical parameters compared to the reference ranges. Remarkably, both the patients recovered successfully with oral artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and a single dose of primaquine.ConclusionThe presence of hypergametocytaemia may hinder the elimination efforts, if not treated immediately. This report also signifies the need of accurately estimating the parasitaemia in malaria patients and their timely management to prevent complications and mortality.

scholarly journals Osteosarcoma in Adolescents and Young Adults

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2684
Author(s):  
Jun Ah Lee ◽  
Jiwon Lim ◽  
Hye Young Jin ◽  
Meerim Park ◽  
Hyeon Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male To Female

The epidemiology of osteosarcoma in adolescents and young adults (AYA) remains unclear. We aimed to assess and compare the clinical features of osteosarcoma between AYA and other age groups. We retrieved osteosarcoma cases diagnosed between 1999 and 2017 from the Korea Central Cancer Registry. We compared survival trends and clinical characteristics between AYA and other age groups. AYA comprised 43.3% (1309/3022) of the osteosarcoma cases. Compared to other age groups, the male-to-female ratio was highest in AYA (1.61:1). The proportion of tumors located in an extremity was 80.3% in AYA, which was lower than in young children (92.5%) or pubertal children (93.8%) but higher than in adults (55.7%) or the elderly (47.5%). As for treatments, 71.2% of AYA received local treatment and systemic chemotherapy, and 28.8% received only local treatment (surgery: 261, radiotherapy: 9, surgery and radiotherapy: 5). The 5-year overall survival (OS) was lower in AYA (68%) than in young children (78%) or pubertal children (73%) but higher than in adults (47%) or the elderly (25%). When AYA were divided into five subgroups by age, patients aged 15–19 years constituted the largest proportion (45.4%, n = 594). Additionally, the proportion of patients with a non-extremity tumor increased in an age-dependent manner, from 10.3% in AYA aged 15–19 years to 35.3% in AYA aged 35–39 years. OS did not significantly differ among the different age subgroups of AYA. The clinical characteristics and OS of the AYA were more similar to those of children than to those of adults. There is a need for cooperation between pediatric and adult oncologists for effective osteosarcoma treatment in AYA.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dental caries among children of SOS children's village in Croatia

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Zrinka Ivanisevic ◽  
Marko Matijevic ◽  
Zvonimir Uzarevic ◽  
Djordje Petrovic ◽  
Davor Jurlina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dental Instruments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

Background/Aim. Oral health is an integral part of general health and an important factor in the overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries among the children from the SOS Children?s Village in Croatia. Methods. The dental examinations based on the World Health Organization criteria were performed on 88 children from SOS Children?s Village in Croatia. The teeth were clinically examined with standard dental instruments using the visual-tactile method under standard light. The clinical indexes of decayed, missed, and filled (dmft and DMFT, for primary and permantnt teeth, respectively) and decayed, missed, and filled surfaces (DMFS), as well as the significant caries index (SiC) were recorded. Results. Among the children from the SOS Children?s Village caries incidence were 57.94%. The mean dmft, DMFT and DMFS of all children was 1.82, 1.90 and 2.82, respectively. The highest mean dmft and DMFT score of 4.24 and 2.56 was found among 7?10 and 11?14 years old children, respectively. The highest mean DMFS score of 3.85 and 3.90 was found among 11?14 years old children and among the children from the SOS Children?s Village Lekenik, respectively. Among all children, the SiC index was 4.69. There was a significant difference between age groups and children?s place of residence in DMFT, DMFS and SiC. Conclusion. Prevalence of dental caries is low among the children from the SOS Children?s Village in Croatia compared to the children who lived with biological families.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Findings of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease in Elderly and Younger Age Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haydar Adanir ◽  
Bilge Baş ◽  
Betul Pakoz ◽  
Süleyman Günay ◽  
Hakan Camyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Esophageal Reflux ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Endoscopic Findings ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To determine and compare the clinical features and endoscopic findings of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in elderly and younger age groups.Materials and Methods: The clinical and endoscopic features were evaluated for all patients with GERD between January 2017 and September 2020. The criteria for inclusion were being aged over 65 and under 50 years and having an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with reflux symptoms resistant to ppi theraphy. The exclusion criteria included prior surgery, age under 18 years, and pregnancy. The diagnosis of GERD was made according to the patients' symptoms. The SPSS 11.0 for Windows pocket program was used for statistical analysis.Results: Two hundred eighty-six patients aged over 65 years and 261 patients aged below 50 years were enrolled in this study. The mean age of the older group was 68.2 ± 4.5 years and the mean age of the young group was 38 ± 7.2 years. The male/female ratio was 5/3 and 2/1 in the young and older groups, respectively. The older patients had less severe and rare typical symptoms than the young patients. However, significantly more serious endoscopic findings were noted in the older patients compared with the younger patients.Conclusion: The older and young patients with GERD were predominantly male and typical reflux problems were less common in older patients with GERD. Older patients had more important endoscopic findings such as hernia, esophagitis, and cancer.

scholarly journals A clinical study of anemia in children aged 6 months–5 years in a tertiary care center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 367-370
Author(s):  
Siva Saranappa ◽  
Jennifer Wu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Anemia is the most commonly observed hematological diseases in children. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that globally, 1.62 billion people are anemic, with the highest prevalence of anemia (47.4%) among preschool-aged children. Of these 293 million children, 89 million live in India. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the factors causing anemia in children aged between 6 months and 5 years and its prevalence within this age group. Methods: This study is a prospective observational study conducted in KIMS Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka. A total of 200 children in the age group of 6 months–5 years with features of anemia or having hemoglobin <11 g/dl were included in the study for a duration of 18 months between January 2019 and June 2020. Detailed history was recorded and examination findings were noted. The data collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed accordingly. Results: About 57.5% of the children with anemia fell between the age group of 6 months and 2 years and 42.5% of children were in the age groups of 2–5 years. A male predominance was seen (61%) with male-to-female ratio of approximately 1.56:1. Most of the children were found to have mild (46%) and moderate anemia (46%) with only a minority (8%) presenting with severe anemia. About 56.5% of the children had a normal nutritional status while 41% were malnourished and 2.5% had both wasting and stunting. Exclusive breastfeeding (for 6 months) history was present in 59% of the children. These children belonged mostly to the upper lower (45%) and lower middle (41%) socioeconomic status. This study also showed anemia in children most commonly presented majorly with concurrent involvement of the respiratory system (31%) followed by infectious diseases (30%) and gastrointestinal disorders (23%). Conclusion: The current study concludes that iron deficiency anemia is a multifactorial hematological disease. Learning about the predisposing risk factors can help to adopt the necessary precautions to prevent anemia in these children. Improving the nutritional status of the children by involving parents and counseling them regarding important feeding practices can help to prevent anemia.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 in Older People in Portugal: Results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Filipa Novais ◽  
Catarina Cordeiro ◽  
Pedro Câmara Pestana ◽  
Beatriz Côrte-Real ◽  
Teresa Reynolds Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, and Portugal reported its initial cases. In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 on Portuguese individuals aged over 60 years old.Material and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE 8: COVID-19 Survey). We selected a sample of 1080 noninstitutional Portuguese individuals aged ≥ 60 years.Results: The study sample consisted of 605 (56%) women and 475 (44%) men, with a mean age of 70 ± 9.1 years. In total, 80% of the participants experienced higher levels of anxiety, 73% felt more depressed and 30% experienced additional sleep problems comparedto the period before the pandemic. Interestingly, there were no statistically significant differences between the sexes or the two selected age groups (60 - 74 and over 75 years old) regarding the incidence of these changes. Only 23%, of those that were interviewed maintained their walking routines. In addition, only 8% of the participants continued visiting family members as frequently as before. While 8% of the participants were refused some form of medical treatment, 56% claimed that they experienced healthcare delays. However,only 15% of the participants reported that their health status worsened during the pandemic.Discussion: The pandemic has had a significant impact on Portuguese individuals aged ≥ 60 years; which is in agreement with the findings of previous international studies. It changed the participants’ routines and increased their anxiety and depression levels. Despite the deterioration of healthcare services, most participants did not experience worsening of their health status.Conclusion: In conclusion, a COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the elderly population, particularly regarding their mental health.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Burn Injuries in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 2009 to 2010

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pujisriyani Pujisriyani ◽  
Aditya Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Burns are one of the most devastating conditions encountered in medical world. It affects people of all ages, from the very young to the elderly, and represents an assault on all aspects of the patient, from the physical to the psychological.Method: The collection and analysis of burn patients admitted to Cipto Mangunkusumo Burn Centre between January 2009 and December 2010 were studied retrospectively in terms of admissions, age, sex, extent of burn, causes of burns, referral, length of hospital stay (LOS) and mortality. Result: A total of 303 burn patients were admitted with the male to female ratio is 2.26 : 1 and the mean age of admission is 25.7 years (15-54 yr). Most of the patient presented with 20-50% extent of burn (mean 45.87%). The most common cause of burn injury is LPG at 30.4 % followed by flame at 25.7% and by scald at 19.1%. The overall mean LOS and mortality are 13.72 days and 34%. Conclusion : LPG is the major cause of burn and the mortality are 42.4%. Because of level of the mortality, the prevention and management of LPG and the safety of the product of LPG should be given in terms of government regulations.

scholarly journals The comparative analysis of suicides in Plovdiv oblast (Bulgaria) and in Khmelnytskyi oblast (Ukraine) and social and economic problems of suicides

2017 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Maryn Baltov ◽  
Nataliia Kozytska ◽  
Roman Havadza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Level Of Living

Suicide is an important social problem of modern society. Every year in the world from 800 000 to one million people commit suicide. Suicides occur every 40 seconds. Suicide is the 15th cause of death in the world. The committing of suicides by people is in close connection with the social and economic problems of society. With the intensification of integration processes and the weakening of social ties, a person feels lonely and unprotected in a social environment, he/she is unable to solve problems of a different nature and is under constant stress. The World Health Organization emphasizes the suicide problem and raises the issue of its solution. The purpose of the study is to compare suicide cases in two countries, which, in our opinion, earlier developed similarly and had much in common, but they appeared on the path of democracy at different rates and methods; to analyze some social aspects of suicides and their correlation with economic indicators, such as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and unemployment rate. CONCLUSIONS During the period from 2006 to 2015 in Khmelnytskyi oblast suicides were committed twice more than in t Plovdiv oblast. The dynamics of suicides in the Plovdiv oblast is unstable, in its turn, in Khmelnytskyi oblast there is basically a similar number of cases. When assessing suicides in age categories, a similar pattern is observed in the age groups from 0 to 18 years old and from 44 to 65 years old, with a difference in age groups of 19-43 years old with an increase in cases in Khmelnytskyi oblast and a group of over 65 years old with an increase in cases in Plovdiv In our opinion, this may be due to the economic development of the country, the young people’s inability to realize themselves and the different worldviews and difficulties in adapting to life for the elderly. The same picture is observed in the study of suicides committed by men and Men both in Plovdiv oblast and in Khmelnytskyi oblast commit the majority of suicides. It can be concluded that men are more prone to suicide. In our opinion, this is due to the inability to support the family, due to the abuse of alcohol and drugs and due to the inability to overcome the existing obstacles. There is a link between the level of economic development of the country and the rate of suicide deaths. The level of living in Bulgaria is twice higher (in terms of GDP) than in Ukraine and the mortality rate is twice lower.

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