Biofilm Production and Antimicrobial Resistance among Uropathogens in Pediatric Cases: a Hospital Based Study

Background: The study was designed to provide account of etiological agents of urinary tract infection in pediatric patients and the antimicrobial resistance pattern plus biofilm producing profile of the isolates.Methods: The prospective study was conducted in Alka Hospital, Nepal with 353 clean catch urine samples from children. It was obtained during July 2014 to January 2015 which were first cultured by semi-quantitative method, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and biofilm production assay on Congo red agar. Multidrug- resistance, extensively drug- resistance and pandrug- resistance among isolates were considered as per international consensus.Results: Out of 353 samples, 64 (18.13%) showed positive growth in culture, confirming urinary tract infection. E. coli, 44 (68.8%) was the predominant organism followed by Klebsiella spp. 6 (14.1%). Most E. coli were sensitive to amikacin (93.2%) followed by nitrofurantoin (86.4%), and highly resistant to ampicillin (95.5%). Of 64 isolates, 23 (35.93%) were found to be multidrug- resistant strains. Biofilm was produced by 36 (56.25%) isolates.Conclusions: This study showed higher biofilm production and resistance to in-use antibiotics rendering ineffective for empirical use. Regular surveillance of resistance patterns should be done to regulate multidrug- resistant bugs and to ensure effective management of urinary tract infection in children in a tertiary care setups.Keywords: AMR; antimicrobial resistance; biofilm; urinary tract infection; UTI.

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ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ANTI-BACTERIAL RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN DIABETICS

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2021v13i1.40816 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 57-59

Author(s):

HARIKRISHNAN S. ◽

ROSY VENNILA ◽

R. MONICA

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

E Coli ◽

Drug Of Choice ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Common Infections

Objective: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections observed in diabetic patients. This study is aimed at identifying the organisms with their anti-bacterial resistance pattern. Methods: A total of 400 diabetic patients over a period of nine months presenting with symptom s of urinary tract infection were taken for the study. Their urine were cultured and an antibiogram done. Results: E. coli, Klebsiella and Enterococci were the commonest organism found. It was found that E. coli, which was the commonest organism E. Coli was sensitive to Norfloxacin and resistant to Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Empirical treatment with ciprofloxacin, Which is considered the drug of choice, will lead to failure of treatment.

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FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE PATTERN AMONG THE PATHOGENS CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN KANCHIPURAM DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.20678 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 292

Author(s):

Shanthi Bamukumar ◽

Kannan I ◽

Sukumar Rg

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Care Hospital ◽

E Coli

Objective: The aim is to study the fluoroquinolone resistance pattern among the pathogens causing urinary tract infection (UTI).Methods: This study was done during January to July 2016 in Tagore Medical College including both hospitalized and out patients. During this 7-month study, around 2695 urine samples were analyzed for the evidence of UTI. 718 samples were culture positive. 366 samples showed fluoroquinolones resistance (50.9%). They were screened for all fluoroquinolone drugs by doing antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute CLSI guidelines.Results: The resistance pattern of different isolates to norfloxacin is Klebsiella pneumoniae - 20%, Escherichia coli - 51.4%, Enterococci - 11.1%, Proteus mirabilis - 50%, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus - 37.5%; For nalidixic acid is K pneumoniae - 25%, E. coli - 6.8%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 71.4%, Enterococci - 11.1%, P. mirabilis - 25%, and S. saprophyticus - 25%; For ciprofloxacin is K. pneumoniae - 5%, E. coli - 5.4%, P. mirabilis - 25%, and S. saprophyticus - 25%; and For ofloxacin is K. pneumoniae - 10%, E. coli - 5.4%, Enterococci 11.1%, and S. saprophyticus 62.5%.Conclusion: Due to increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones in many hospitals and to make the developing resistance rates under control, empirical usage of it is either abandoned or should be restricted.

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Microbiological profile and antibiotic resistance pattern of urinary tract infection in a tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20211663 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 611

Author(s):

Vismaya V. R. ◽

Naiema Shajihan ◽

Midhun Ramesh ◽

Ambika Devi

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Male Predominance ◽

E Coli

Urinary tract infection (UTI), of varying severity is one of the most commonly encountered ailments in nephrology outpatient department (OPD). The commonest pathogens causing community acquired UTI (CAUTI) are E. Coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. There is a rapidly rising trend of antibiotic resistance among these uropathogens, may be due to indiscriminate antibiotic usage and poor patient compliance. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all culture proven UTI cases that attended the nephrology OPD of S. K. hospital, Trivandrum from August 2017 to July 2019 (24 months). 130 males and 121 females were included in the study. The mean age of the study group was 62.8 years with a male predominance in the age group above 50 years and a female predisposition in less than 50 years group. Commonest pathogen isolated in urine culture was E. coli (52.98%) followed by Klebsiella (39.09%), Citrobacter (8.76%), Pseudomonas (8.37%), Enterobacter (2.39%), Enterococci (1.99%), Candida (1.59%), Acinetobacter (1.2%), Proteus (1.2%), Streptococci (1.2%) and Serratia (0.4%).

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Microbiological analysis of urinary tract infection in diabetic patients

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20205315 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 4410

Author(s):

Sarita Otta ◽

Bichitrananda Swain ◽

Priyadarshini Bhoi

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Urine Specimen ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

E Coli ◽

Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a predisposing condition to different infections especially the complicated urinary tract infection (UTI). The susceptibility pattern of organisms in diabetics is different from their counterparts. So, there is always a dilemma while administering empirical regimen for UTI in diabetics. The study aims to find the common organisms implicated in the UTI in diabetic patients and their sensitivity pattern.Methods: Properly collected urine specimen from all the diabetic (cases) and non-diabetic (controls) patients included in this study was processed. Sensitivity pattern and extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production for the isolated uropathogens was noted.Results: E. coli was the most common organism isolated from both 68 cases and 85 controls in this study. Most of UTI patients with diabetes, 46 (67.7 %) had uncontrolled blood sugar level. Diabetics are more prone for catheter associated UTI (CAUTI) and fungal UTI. Most of the E coli and Atypical E coli isolated were ESBL positive for the diabetic patients (60.5%) than that for the non-diabetics (40.4%). Antimicrobial resistance pattern was similar in both the groups with maximum patients’ sensitivity to tigecycline, colistin, fosphomycin and least susceptibility to cefixime. Both E. coli and Klebsiella also showed high resistance to the fluoroquinolones.Conclusions: E. coli is the predominant uropathogen for both the diabetic & non-diabetic cases. But diabetics are more prone to get ESBL positive UTI. CAUTI and the fungal UTI are more common in diabetics. Diabetic condition does not affect the antimicrobial resistance pattern of uropathogens. But their rising resistance to fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins is a matter of concern while prescribing empiric regimen.

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Urinary tract infection pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibilities in Kobe, Japan and Taipei, Taiwan: an international analysis

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060519867826 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 030006051986782

Author(s):

Chiang Yi-Te ◽

Katsumi Shigemura ◽

Kento Nishimoto ◽

Naoki Yamada ◽

Koichi Kitagawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

University Hospital ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

E Coli ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽

Resistance Patterns

Objective This study compared urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens and antibiotic susceptibilities between Kobe, Japan and Taipei, Taiwan to investigate the regional resistance pattern of UTI-causative bacteria. Methods UTI-causative bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility for 4519 samples from Kobe University Hospital, Kobe and 25,131 samples from Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei from 2015 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed to compare the differences between these hospitals. Results Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen in both areas (30.0% in Kobe, 41.2% in Taipei). The prevalence of cephalosporin and gentamicin-resistant E. coli tended to be higher in Taipei than in Kobe. Additionally, antibiotic susceptibilities of Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa tended to be higher in Kobe than in Taipei. The ratio of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae was significantly higher in Taipei than in Kobe (up to 40% vs. 14.8%), but this was not observed for E. coli. Conclusion Variations in the type of UTI-causative bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility between the two hospitals may be influenced by the use of different antibiotics. Further surveillance of resistance patterns is necessary for effective treatment.

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Urinary Tract Infection: Aetiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Infants From A Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2014/8772.4919 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nirmaljit Kaur

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Northern India

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Prevalence and Multidrug Resistance Pattern of E. Coli among Urinary Tract Infection Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital of Multan

Journal of Bioresource Management ◽

10.35691/jbm.1202.0207 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 104-112

Author(s):

Hubza Ruatt Khan ◽

Mehvish Javeed ◽

Asghar Javed ◽

Nisma Farooq

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

E Coli

Urinary Tract Infection is alarming problem worldwide due to the intensity of antimicrobial resistance. Escherichia coli is the most predominant organism in UTI. This study was planned to evaluate demographic parameters, the prevalence of E. coli, and antimicrobial resistance patterns among E. coli isolates from UTI patients in Nishtar Hospital of Multan from January to June 2018. A total of 350 mid-stream urine samples were collected from different patients having age group from 25 to 60 years and processed by standard laboratory procedures. Out of 350 samples, 100 samples were observed as critical bacteremia. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were the most persistent (47 % and 19 % individually) among the Gram-negative pathogens followed by S. aureus (14 %), Enterobacter spp. (11 %) and Candida (9 %) respectively. The incidence of UTI was found higher in 25-35 age groups. The prevalence of UTI with E. coli as an infectious agent was 72 % in females, and 28 % in males. The prevalence of E. coli was more in rural areas (70 %) than in urban areas (26 %). The antimicrobial testing against E. coli showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin (65.9 %) and ciprofloxacin (38.2 %), whereas highly sensitive rate observed against Fosfomycin (FOS) (95.7 %), Gentamicin (GEN) (89.3 %), and Nitrofurantoin (NIT) (85 %) respectively. The increased resistance against ampicillin and ciprofloxacin was observed in Multan have a great emerging problem so there is a need for effective prevention strategies for the E. coli drug resistance and successful surveillance required to be improved.

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Comparative Antibiogram of Escherichia Coli Isolated from the Urinary Tract Infection in Patients from Tertiary Care Hospital

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i35b31910 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 123-128

Author(s):

Nandkishor Bankar ◽

Dhruba Hari Chandi ◽

Praful Patil ◽

Gaurav Mahajan

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

E Coli

Introduction: UTI occurs when bacteria that live inside intestine find their way into the urinary tract through the urethra. Women are familiar to be a lot of at risk of UTI than men, with a five hundredth probability of a UTI in their life. Aim: The aim of this study was to find the antibiotic resistance pattern in Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infection with commonly found antibiotics among different age and sex groups. Materials and Methods: All positive urine samples for Escherichia coli obtained from patients were included. On the basis of colony morphology and biochemical tests Isolates were identified. The antibiogram profile of the isolates was determined by commonly used antibiotics. Result: In this studied, total 250 patients with UTI of both sexes were included and divided into age group. Samples processed only 250 samples with the growth of E. coli were included in this studied. The isolated E.coli showed more resistant to some degree to all the antibiotics tested. The greatest resistance was shown against Amoxycillin (15.2% isolated were sensitive) and the least resistance was shown against Imipenem (96.4% isolated were sensitive). Conclusion: The pattern of antibiotic resistance varies from place to place, region to region, and country to country. Antimicrobial resistance should be monitored on a regular basis in both the community and hospital settings.

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