scholarly journals Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection in an infant: Early Diagnosis by Clinical and Radiological Pearls

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Shatanik Sarkar ◽  
Chaitali Patra ◽  
Shibani Pal ◽  
Arkapriya Pramanik
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections

Recurrent respiratory tract infections, a cause of concern for both parents and paediatricians, can have various etiologies entitled to different organ systems. Diagnosing the exact cause warrants both clinical acumen and timely investigations. Here, we are reporting an infant with recurrent respiratory tract infections, where adequate clinical examination prompted us to diagnose the extra-respiratory cause with simple investigations.

scholarly journals Whether immunostimulants are effective in susceptible children suffering from recurrent respiratory tract infections: a modeling analysis based on literature aggregate data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilong Zhang ◽  
Jihan Huang ◽  
Hongxia Liu ◽  
Xin Wen ◽  
Qingshan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Immunostimulants are gradually being used in the prevention and treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTIs) in susceptible children, but its drug effects have not been quantified. The purpose of this paper is to confirm the efficacy of immunostimulants in the prevention and treatment of RRTIs in susceptible children. Methods: Model-based meta-analysis (MBMA) was used to describe the time-course of placebo and immunostimulants in the prevention of RRTIs in children. The cumulative number of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) was used as the indicator of efficacy. The single-arm meta-analysis was used to analyze the incidence of drug related adverse events. Results: A total of 14 articles with 2,400 pediatric subjects were finally included for analysis. The results showed that the cumulative number of ARTIs increased linearly with time, and the incidence of ARTIS in the placebo group was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.55 to 0.75) per month. OM-85 BV and pidotimod significantly reduced the incidence of ARTIs by 0.21 (95% CI: 0.16 to 0.26) and 0.19 (95% CI: 0.17 to 0.21) compared with placebo per month, respectively. The incidence of drug-related adverse events of pidotimod and OM-85 BV was comparable with that of placebo. Conclusions: Pidotimod and OM-85 BV can effectively reduce the incidence of ARTIs in susceptible children, and there is no significant increase in the incidence of drug-related adverse events. This study provides quantitative support for the application of immunostimulants for the prevention of recurrent respiratory tract infection in children.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effect of Nursing Intervention on Children with Respiratory Tract Infection Based on Comprehensive Nursing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yujie Chen ◽  
Qing Li
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections

Recurrent respiratory tract infections in children are common. It means that children are repeatedly exposed to external pathogens within a certain time, and the clinical symptoms are reciprocating. This article carries out nursing intervention on children’s respiratory tract infection through comprehensive nursing methods and analyzes the intervention effect. Moreover, this paper uses a controlled trial to study the nursing methods of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children. In addition, this paper determines and screens test samples according to relevant standards, conducts different nursing methods on samples of different groups, and compares them with the same indicators. Finally, this paper combines mathematical statistics to make statistics of experimental results and draws tables and statistical graphs. By comparing multiple parameters, it can be seen that the comprehensive nursing intervention has a good effect on the nursing of children with respiratory tract infection compared with the traditional nursing intervention, so this nursing method can be expanded in the future.

scholarly journals Manejo perioperatorio de niños con infección respiratoria superior

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-347
Author(s):  
Norma Constanza Corrales-Zúñiga ◽  
Nelly Patricia Martínez-Muñoz ◽  
Sara Isabel Realpe-Cisneros ◽  
Carlos Eberth Pacichana-Agudelo ◽  
Leandro Guillermo Realpe-Cisneros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Introducción. Es frecuente que muchos niños sometidos a procedimientos con anestesia general tengan historia de infección viral respiratoria superior reciente o activa.Objetivo. Realizar una revisión narrativa acerca de las pautas de manejo anestésico para los niños con infección reciente o activa de la vía aérea superior.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda estructurada de la literatura en las bases de datos ProQuest, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, PubMed, LILACS, Embase, Trip Database, SciELO y Cochrane Library con los términos Anesthesia AND Respiratory Tract Infections AND Complications; Anesthesia AND Upper respiratory tract infection AND Complications; Anesthesia, General AND Respiratory Tract Infections AND Complications; Anesthesia, General AND Upper respiratory tract infection AND Complications; Anesthesia AND Laryngospasm OR Bronchospasm. La búsqueda se hizo en inglés con sus equivalentes en español.Resultados. Se encontraron 56 artículos con información relevante para el desarrollo de la presente revisión.Conclusiones. Una menor manipulación de la vía aérea tiende a disminuir la frecuencia de aparición y severidad de eventos adversos respiratorios perioperatorios. No existe evidencia suficiente para recomendar la optimización medicamentosa en pacientes con infección respiratoria superior.

Effectiveness of Oral Rinse with Chlorhexidine in Preventing Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections among Intensive Care Unit Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 952-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Bellissimo-Rodrigues ◽  
Wanessa Teixeira Bellissimo-Rodrigues ◽  
Jaciara Machado Viana ◽  
Gil Cezar Alkmim Teixeira ◽  
Edson Nicolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Oral Application ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective.To evaluate the effectiveness of the oral application of a 0.12% solution of Chlorhexidine for prevention of respiratory tract infections among intensive care unit (ICU) patients.Design.The study design was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Setting.The study was performed in an ICU in a tertiary care hospital at a public university.Patients.Study participants comprised 194 patients admitted to the ICU with a prospective length of stay greater than 48 hours, randomized into 2 groups: those who received Chlorhexidine (n = 98) and those who received a placebo (n = 96).Intervention.Oral rinses with Chlorhexidine or a placebo were performed 3 times a day throughout the duration of the patient's stay in the ICU. Clinical data were collected prospectively.Results.Both groups displayed similar baseline clinical features. The overall incidence of respiratory tract infections (RR, 1.0 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63-1.60]) and the rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia per 1,000 ventilator-days were similar in both experimental and control groups (22.6 vs 22.3; P = .95). Respiratory tract infection-free survival time (7.8 vs 6.9 days; P = .61), duration of mechanical ventilation (11.1 vs 11.0 days; P = .61), and length of stay (9.7 vs 10.4 days; P = .67) did not differ between the Chlorhexidine and placebo groups. However, patients in the Chlorhexidine group exhibited a larger interval between ICU admission and onset of the first respiratory tract infection (11.3 vs 7.6 days; P = .05). The chances of surviving the ICU stay were similar (RR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.72-1.63]).Conclusion.Oral application of a 0.12% solution of Chlorhexidine does not prevent respiratory tract infections among ICU patients, although it may retard their onset.

scholarly journals Anemia as a Risk Factor for Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children Below Five Years of Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Henish Shakya ◽  
Saurav Singh ◽  
Ashish Lakhey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infection is a major cause of death in children in a developing country and anemia is found to be one of the commonest associated cofactors. This study was aimed to determine association of anemia in children with lower respiratory tract infections.Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was done over a one-year period for children under 5 years of age, admitted in Pediatric Ward of a tertiary Hospital in Lalitpur. The study included 100 diagnosed cases of lower respiratory tract infections as per WHO criteria and 100 age and sex matched patients who did not have respiratory complaints as controls, excluding prematurity, chronic diseases, malnutrition and severe systemic illness. Appropriate clinical history, examination routine investigations like hemoglobin, peripheral smear, and Chest X-ray were included.Results: The age distribution maximum children were in the age group of 3 months to 23 months with significant association with prevalence of both pneumonia (p value 0.005) and anemia (p value 0.002). Anemia was found to be a significant risk factor for LRTI (p value < 0.001) with odds ratio of 2.68 and 95% CI (1.51 – 4.75).Conclusions: Anemia was significantly found to be associated with lower respiratory tract infections and these children were found to be 2.68 times more susceptible to lower respiratory tract infections. Early diagnosis and prevention of anemia is thus important to reduce the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections in children.Nepalese Medical Journal. vol.1, No. 1, 2018, page: 5-8

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR AND USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ON THE SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN FURNITURE INDUSTRY WORKERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Merry Sunaryo
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Tract Infections

Dust is one type of potential hazardzs in the workplace that can affect the health of the workers. The occupation that are always exposed to dust is furniture industry workers so that they have higher risk of getting acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) disorder which can interfere with breathing. The wood dust is formed from some of the sawn wood and sanding that will lead to an acute respiratory tract infection. The study aimed to determine the effect of environmental factor and the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) against the symptoms of acute respiratory infections in the furniture industry workers. The research method used was quantitative method with observational and cross-sectional research types and it was analysed by using logistic regression test. The population in this study was the workers of the furniture industry at Semarang street, Surabaya City, with a total of 57 people, of which 37 furniture workers as a sample. The results show that most of the workers has symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection. It could be influenced by the environmental factor such as dust exposure that produced wood dust in each manufacturing processes. Additionally, the use of PPE also affected the occurrence of acute respiratory tract infections symptoms in the workers. In conslusion, many factors can influence the occurrence of acute respiratory tract infection symptoms in the furniture industry workers. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the dust exposure in workers by wearing PPE such as respirators.

How digital interventions support self-care of minor ailments: A process evaluation of the Internet Dr intervention for colds and flu. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Accounts ◽  
Lucy Yardley ◽  
Peter Smith ◽  
Mark Weal ◽  
Alexander Milton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Target Population ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Minor Ailments ◽  
Tract Infections

BACKGROUND Around 57 million doctor appointments annually in the UK are for minor ailments that could be self-cared for by patients. As well as taking up healthcare resources, patients experience increased anxiety, lowered confidence and inconvenience. The ‘Internet Dr’ is a digital intervention developed to support patients to self-care for respiratory tract infections. In a randomised controlled trial, patients with access to the intervention had fewer visits to their doctor for respiratory tract infections. Having established intervention efficacy, further examination of the data collected in the trial is required to understand how the intervention was successful. OBJECTIVE This paper reports a process evaluation of the ‘Internet Dr’ intervention. The evaluation identifies meaningful usage metrics (ie, types of interaction that are specific and relevant to the intervention). These metrics are used to examine which parts of the intervention are effective in supporting self-care for respiratory tract infections, who used them and at what time. METHODS The ‘Internet Dr’ trial recorded patients’ characteristics and usage data over 24 weeks. At follow-up users reported changes in their levels of enablement to cope with their illness over the trial period. An evaluation plan to examine this data was developed using Medical Research Council guidance and the framework for Analysing and Measuring Usage and Engagement Data. RESULTS Viewing pages containing advice on caring for respiratory tract infections was identified as a meaningful metric for measuring usage of the intervention. Almost half the users (n=616, 42.32%) viewed at least one advice page, with most people (n=478, 77.60%) accessing them when they initially enrolled in the study. Users who viewed an advice page (M=2.12) reported increased enablement to cope with their illness as a result of having participated in the study (MD =.469, 95% CI [.082, .856]), compared to users who did not view advice pages (M=1.65). Users who had visited their GP for a respiratory tract infection in the year prior to the trial were a target population, and analyses revealed that this group were more likely to access advice pages (Wald's x2=14.915, P=<.001). CONCLUSIONS The process evaluation identifies viewing advice pages as associated to increased enablement to self-care, even when accessed in the absence of a respiratory tract infection, meaning that dissemination activities need not be restricted to targeting users who are ill. The intervention was also effective at reaching the target population of users who consulted their GP previously. However, attrition prior to advice pages was high, highlighting the necessity of prioritising access during the design phase. These findings provide guidance on how the intervention may be improved and disseminated, and have wider implications for minor ailment interventions. CLINICALTRIAL ISRCTN91518452

Erythromycin in Respiratory Tract Infection

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Preoperative Treatment ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Acute Exacerbations ◽  
Haemophilus Species ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Streptococcal Tonsillitis

One of the main uses of erythromycin in respiratory tract infection has been in the treatment of acute streptococcal tonsillitis as an alternative to penicillin. Studies on the quantitative bacteriology of tonsils obtained at tonsillectomy have shown large numbers of both haemolytic streptococci and Haemophilus species in most samples and these organisms can be effectively reduced in number by preoperative treatment with antibiotics such as erythromycin. Such investigations suggest that erythromycin might have wider use in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, particularly where Haemophilus influenzae and other Haemophilus species are involved. Apart from specific infections such as those due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, erythromycin is effective in the treatment of acute pneumonia due to organisms such as the pneumococcus, and this paper reports the further use of erythromycin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis where the clinical and bacteriological effects of treatment with this antibiotic are compared with those of ampicillin.

scholarly journals FC 047COMPARISON OF THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MORTALITY OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 AND OTHER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Diebold ◽  
Tobias Zimmermann ◽  
Michael Dickenmann ◽  
Stefan Schaub ◽  
Stefano Bassetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Recovery ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background and Aims Previous studies have indicated a coherency between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and acute kidney injury (AKI), indicating poor outcomes. However, most studies only included patients with COVID-19 and lacked a control group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and prognostic impact of AKI in patients with COVID-19 in comparison with other respiratory tract infections. Method The prospective single-center observational case-control COronaVIrus surviVAl (COVIVA, clinicaltrials.gov NCT04366765) study performed at the University Hospital Basel Switzerland consecutively enrolled patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 between March 23 and May 31, 2020. The final diagnosis that led to the inclusion in the study was adjudicated by physicians after reviewing all available medical data including laboratory test results 30 days after discharge. For this analysis, we compared patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with patients tested negative but with an adjudicated diagnosis of upper or lower respiratory tract infection including pneumonia. Primary outcome measure was death at 30 days, secondary outcomes were AKI incidence, renal recovery and need for renal replacement therapy. AKI was defined according to the serum creatinine criteria of the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline. Results Of the 1086 patients included, 507 had a final adjudicated diagnosis of respiratory tract infection and were eligible for this analysis. Of those, 183 (36%) had a positive PCR swab test for SARS-CoV-2. Baseline characteristics were comparable between patients with and without COVID-19. AKI occurred in 95 patients (19%) with a higher incidence (30%, 95%CI 24-37 versus 12%, 95%CI 9-17, p&lt;0.001) and a higher severity (KDIGO stage 3, 22% versus 10%, p=0.003) in patients with COVID-19 as compared to controls, respectively. Need for intensive care (22% versus 6%, p&lt;0.001) and requirement for RRT were higher in patients with COVID-19 (8 patients (4.4%) versus 2 patients (0.62%); p=0.01). Renal recovery at discharge in survivors was similar in patients with (64%) and without COVID-19 (48%, p=0.175). Survival analysis identified AKI as a predictor of 30-day mortality independent of COVID-19 status (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 3.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55-7.63, p=0.002), but COVID-19 patients with AKI carried the highest risk (aHR 4.24, 95%CI 1,82-9.88, p&lt;0.001). (Figure 1) Conclusion AKI occurs more frequently and more severely in patients with COVID-19 compared to other respiratory tract infections. It is associated with an increased risk for death, with the highest risk observed in COVID-19 patients. This underlines the augmented burden of AKI during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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