scholarly journals Phenomenology Of Delirium: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Referred Cases Of Delirium

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
S K Verma ◽  
A K Pandey ◽  
B R Adhikari ◽  
L Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Medical Information ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Standard Assessment ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Available Information

Introduction: Studies from developing countries are few, on phenomenology of Delirium, even though it is a common diagnosis among psychiatric referrals. We studied the phenomenology of delirium in a teaching hospital in western region of Nepal by using standard assessment methods. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the phenomenological characteristics of delirium based on Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 (DRS–R98). Methods: All consecutive patients of delirium who were referred to department of psychiatry for assessment were enrolled over a period of 12 months. Socio-demographic variables and other medical information were collected by using standardized data-collection forms developed by the department of Psychiatry. Assessments were based on all available information obtained from the patients, caregivers, medical staff, and medical records. Results and conclusions: A total of 62 cases were studied out of which 83.9% were male. Mean age of the subjects was 47 years. Mean delirium severity was 21.35 (SD=3.54). Orientation, attention and short term memory was impaired in all of the cases. Long term memory impairment was noted in 98.4% of cases. Sleep wake cycle disturbance was present in 60 (96.8%) cases, perceptual abnormalities in 49 (79%) cases, some form of delusion was present in 19 (30.6%), lability of affect could be appreciated in 27(43.5%). Language, thought process abnormalities and impaired visuo-spatial ability was present in 19 (30.6%), 3 (4.8%) and 13 (21%) cases respectively.J Psychiatric Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.2, 2014, pp: 43-47DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i2.12394

scholarly journals The negative impact of chronic tobacco smoking on adult neuropsychological function: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sh. Nadar ◽  
Abdullah M. Hasan ◽  
Mohammed Alsaleh
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Neuropsychological Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Neuropsychological Functions

Abstract Background The evidence on the effects of chronic tobacco smoking on neuropsychological functions is conflicting. The literature remains limited by inconsistent accounting for potentially confounding biomedical and psychiatric conditions. This study aimed to assess the neuropsychological functions of adult chronic tobacco smokers in comparison to group-matched non-smokers. Method The study included 73 smokers and 84 group-matched non-smokers. The data was collected during the year 2019. After an initial interview to collect demographics and smoking profile, the subjects undertook neuropsychological assessments that targeted a wide range of cognitive domains. Results The performance of smokers was poorer on almost all neuropsychological domains, namely selective attention (p ≤ .001, p = .044), alternating attention (p = .002) working memory (p ≤ .001), Short-term memory (p = .006 and .003), Long-term memory (p ≤ .001), processing accuracy (p ≤ .001), and executive function (p = .011 and .026). Smokers were intact on processing speed. Smoking accumulation and lower age onset of regular smoking were correlated with lower neuropsychological function. Conclusion Our findings add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that chronic tobacco smoking impacts cognition negatively.

Pattern of cognitive dysfunction in depressive patients during maintenance electroconvulsive therapy

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. RAMI-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
M. SALAMERO ◽  
T. BOGET ◽  
R. CATALAN ◽  
J. FERRER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Depressive Patients

Background. Objective data regarding adverse cognitive deficits associated with maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (M-ECT) are lacking. This study examined the cognitive state of depressive patients during M-ECT.Method. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 11 depressive patients in remission, all with a DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder. The mean number of previous ECT sessions was 36·1, and the mean intersession interval was 52·7 days. A group of 11 patients who had not received ECT was selected for comparison and matched for diagnosis, sex, age and years of schooling. All subjects were assessed using a complete neuropsychological battery including memory, attention and frontal function tests.Results. Groups did not present differences in long delay verbal recall. Encoding of new information and results on the frontal function tests were significantly lower in the M-ECT patients.Conclusion. Depressed patients preserve long-term memory, but suffer short-term memory impairment and frontal function alteration during M-ECT. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to determine the influence of M-ECT on non-memory functions and different memory subtypes.

scholarly journals Assessment of Short Term Memory and Perception among Homemakers and Office Going Ladies

2021 ◽  
pp. 548-555
Author(s):  
Fharreeha Fathima Anees ◽  
G. Sridevi ◽  
S. Preetha
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Environment Stress

Background: Short term memory is the capacity of holding but not manipulating a small amount of information in the mind which is readily available in an active state for a short period of time. It is essential to analyze the frequency of short term memory and perception in working women and homemakers. Aim: To comparatively evaluate short term memory and perception changes in home makers and working women Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was done alone in home makers and working women under the range 25- 57years above.to assess the frequency type duration of exposure to stress at home and work environment, stress symptoms and short-term memory changes. Results: The results of the present study showed that respondents were homemakers and had high amounts of stress which led them to have low short term, memory and perception. Working women have better short term memory and perception and respondents in the age group of 46-56 years had better short memory and perception Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that stress is more in home makers compared to working women and are prone to memory loss, which they are ignorant. A proper education and awareness of stress relaxation reduction methods can help them to improve their quality in life.

scholarly journals Verbal learning impairment in adolescents with methamphetamine use disorder: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Andreas Basedow ◽  
Sören Kuitunen-Paul ◽  
Melina Felicitas Wiedmann ◽  
Stefan Ehrlich ◽  
Veit Roessner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Memory Inhibition ◽  
Methamphetamine Use Disorder

AbstractBackgroundMethamphetamine (MA) use has been shown to be associated with deficits in impulsivity, verbal learning, and working memory. Additionally, methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is related to various brain changes, especially in adolescent users who might be more vulnerable to detrimental effects on brain development. However, little is known about the relationship between adolescent MA use and cognitive impairment. This cross-sectional study aims to explore how the presence of a MUD in adolescents is related to impairments of verbal memory, inhibition, and alertness.MethodsN = 18 psychiatric outpatients with MUD were matched in terms of depressivity, age, and gender ton = 18 adolescents with other substance use disorders (SUDs), as well asn = 18 controls without SUDs. We compared these three groups on the Verbal Learning and Memory Task (VLMT), and the alertness and go/noGo subtests of the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP). Additionally, Spearman’s rank order correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate whether cognitive functioning was directly associated with frequency of past year MA use.ResultsThe three groups differed significantly in their verbal learning performance (H(2) = 11.7,p = .003, ηp2 = .19), but not in short-term memory, inhibition, cued recall, or alertness. Post hoc tests revealed significant differences in verbal learning between the MA using group and the control group without a SUD (U = 56.5,p = .001, ηp2 = .31). Frequency of past year MA use correlated negatively with short-term memory (ρ = −.25,p < .01) and verbal learning (ρ = −.41,p < .01). No other cognitive variables correlated significantly with MA use frequency. Significantp-values were considered significant after Bonferroni correction.ConclusionsAdolescent MUD outpatients with regular MA use show specific impairment in verbal learning performance, but not in other basal cognitive functions when compared to adolescents without a MUD. Verbal learning and short-term memory performance is negatively associated with the frequency of MA use. Future research should apply longitudinal designs to investigate long-term effects of methamphetamine and reversibility of these effects on cognitive functioning.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

The Acute Effect of Alcohol on Various Memory Processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márk Molnár ◽  
Roland Boha ◽  
Balázs Czigler ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Legal Consequences

This review surveys relevant and recent data of the pertinent literature regarding the acute effect of alcohol on various kinds of memory processes with special emphasis on working memory. The characteristics of different types of long-term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) processes are summarized with an attempt to relate these to various structures in the brain. LTM is typically impaired by chronic alcohol intake but according to some data a single dose of ethanol may have long lasting effects if administered at a critically important age. The most commonly seen deleterious acute effect of alcohol to STM appears following large doses of ethanol in conditions of “binge drinking” causing the “blackout” phenomenon. However, with the application of various techniques and well-structured behavioral paradigms it is possible to detect, albeit occasionally, subtle changes of cognitive processes even as a result of a low dose of alcohol. These data may be important for the consideration of legal consequences of low-dose ethanol intake in conditions such as driving, etc.

EARLY RECOGNIZATION OF THE CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER BY VANDERBILT ADHD RATING SCALE FOR TEACHERS AND PARENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Dinh Duong Le ◽  
Van Thang Vo ◽  
Thi Mai Nguyen ◽  
Thi Han Vo ◽  
Huu Chau Duc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Key Words Adhd

Objectives: The study aims to explore the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and to examine the associated factors with ADHD among primary students by Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for teacher and parents. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted in 564 students who selected randomly in 4 primary schools in Hue city. Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for parents and teachers were applied to evaluate the ADHD of children over 6 months ago. Results: The overall prevalence of children who had high risk with ADHD was 4.1% (95%CI: 2.44 - 5.72), including 4.6% and 4.8% in the rating of teachers and parents, respectively. Male was more likely to have ADHD than female (OR adj: 4.64 (95%CI: 1.53 - 14.05) and lack of closely friend (OR adj: 5.11 (95% CI: 2.13 - 12.24). Conclusion: Vanderbilt ADHD diagnosis rating scale for teachers and parents can be used to early recognization children with a high risk of ADHD. Key words: ADHD, Vanderbilt, ratings scale, teacher, parent, children

scholarly journals How do delirium motor subtypes differ in phenomenology and contributory aetiology? a cross-sectional, multisite study of liaison psychiatry and palliative care patients

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e041214
Author(s):  
Kevin Glynn ◽  
Frank McKenna ◽  
Kevin Lally ◽  
Muireann O’Donnell ◽  
Sandeep Grover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
International Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypoactive Delirium

ObjectivesTo investigate whether delirium motor subtypes differ in terms of phenomenology and contributory aetiology.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingInternational study incorporating data from Ireland and India across palliative care, old age liaison psychiatry and general adult liaison psychiatry settings.Participants1757 patients diagnosed with delirium using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition (DSM IV).Primary and secondary outcome measuresHyperactive, mixed and hypoactive delirium subtypes were identified using the abbreviated version of the Delirium Motor Subtype Scale. Phenomenology was assessed using the Delirium Rating Scale Revised. Contributory aetiologies were assessed using the Delirium Aetiology Checklist (DEC), with a score >2 indicating that the aetiology was likely or definitely contributory.ResultsHypoactive delirium was associated with dementia, cerebrovascular and systemic infection aetiologies (p<0.001) and had a lower overall burden of delirium symptoms than the other motor subtypes. Hyperactive delirium was associated with younger age, drug withdrawal and the DEC category other systemic aetiologies (p<0.001). Mixed delirium showed the greatest symptom burden and was more often associated with drug intoxication and metabolic disturbance (p<0.001). All three delirium motor subtypes had similar levels of impairment in attention and visuospatial functioning but differed significantly when compared with no subtype (p<0.001).ConclusionsThis study indicates a pattern of aetiology and symptomatology of delirium motor subtypes across a large international sample that had previously been lacking. It serves to improve our understanding of this complex condition and has implications in terms of early detection and management of delirium.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document