Neck Shaft Angle of Non-articulated Femur Bones among Adults in Nepal

Introduction: The neck-shaft (collo-diaphysial) angle of the human femur bone is an important factor for the hip stability and normal walking. It has been described that neck shaft normally ranges from the angle of 115° to 140°. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the neck shaft angle of the non-articulated adult Nepalese femur bones.Methods: Altogether 100 non-articulated adult human femur bones with 50 right and 50 left were taken from a renowned anatomy laboratory. The femora were of unknown sex, age and race. Use of simple protector was used to measure the neck-shaft angle. Both the anterior and posterior views were observed and 200 measurements were recorded.Results:The mean value of neck shaft angle was 127.71°with standard deviation of 5.78°. The mean angle of 128.46° and 126.97° with the respective standard deviation of 5.83° and 5.66° were observed with respect to the right and left adult femur bones.Conclusion: The neck shaft angle of non-articulated adult femur bone of Nepalese people had no remarkable dissimilarity with the angles observed in the studies conducted in the neighboring countries. Neither was there any significant difference between the neck-shaft angle of right and left adult femur bones of the Nepalese.

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Cervico-diaphyseal angle of Femur in Southern Punjab: Radiographic Study

10.53350/pjmhs211581979 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1979-1982

Author(s):

M. S Abdullah ◽

Maimoona Khan ◽

Humaira Ali ◽

Abdullah Qamar ◽

Kishwar Nahid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mean Value ◽

Adult Males ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Population ◽

Male And Female ◽

Neck Shaft Angle ◽

Shaft Angle ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

The Right

Background: The cervicodiaphyseal angle of femur varies in different population groups due to genetic and environmental factors and has its clinical implications. Aim: To find the cervicodiaphyseal angle in male and female population of Southern Punjab. Study design: Cross sectional study. Methodology: Two hundred and twelve randomly selected pelvic radiographs of adult males (116) and females (96) of the age 24 to 62 years were included in the study. Cervicodiaphyseal angle was measured on each side and statistical comparisons made. Data analyzed by SPSS 22.0v. Results: The mean value of cervico-diaphyseal angle was found to be130.3+4.9 in the male and127.8+3.5 in the female. The angle was larger in the male and significantly larger on the right side in both male and female subjects. Comparison between the two sides of the male (p <0.0158) and female (p < 0.0424) subjects was found to be significantly larger on the right side. Statistical difference between overall male and female was very highly significant (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: This study provided baseline data on cervicodiaphyseal angle in adult male and female population of Southern Punjab. Keywords: Cervicodiaphyseal angle, collodiaphyseal angle, neck-shaft angle of femur, total hip arthroplasty

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MORPHOMETRY OF NECK-SHAFT ANGLE IN DRIED ADULT HUMAN FEMORA OF NORTH INDIAN POPULATION

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i9.42588 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 135-137

Author(s):

GURPREET SINGH ◽

GURSHARAN SINGH DHINDSA

Keyword(s):

Geometric Modeling ◽

Indian Population ◽

Neck Of Femur ◽

Neck Shaft Angle ◽

Adult Human ◽

Prosthetic Implants ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Shaft Angle ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Objectives: The present study aimed to record the femoral-neck shaft angle was carried out which would be of help to the orthopedicians while carrying out surgical repairs around the hip joint especially in fracture of the neck of femur. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 North Indian unpaired dry adult human femora (Right-50, Left-50) of unknown sex were studied. Neck-shaft angle (NSA) of the femur was measured with the help of goniometer and measurements were recorded in degrees. The raw data obtained were statistically analyzed. Range, mean, standard deviation, and standard error of mean were determined. Results: The mean NSA was found to be 127.63°+3.48° (Right=127.80°+3.56° and Left=127.46°+3.42°) with a range of 122°–137° (Right=122°–137° and Left=122°–136°). No significant difference in values of neck-shaft angle was found in the right and left femora. Conclusion: The overall goal of this study was to generate information that would be useful for geometric modeling of femora and collecting data which could prove useful for the development of prosthetic implants

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Comparative Study of Angle of Inclination and Neck Length of Dry Femur

Journal of Nobel Medical College ◽

10.3126/jonmc.v6i1.18086 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 44-47

Author(s):

Rakesh Kumar Adhikari ◽

Binita Yadav ◽

Subodh Kumar Yadav ◽

Arun Chandra Singh

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

P Value ◽

Neck Length ◽

Left Femur ◽

Neck Shaft Angle ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Shaft Angle ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right

Background : The angle of inclination of the femur is the angle formed between long axis of neck of femur and long axis of the shaft of femur. The average angle of inclination (neck–shaft angle) is 126°, ranging from 115° to 140° in the adult population. As with the angle of inclination of the humerus, the angle of inclination of the femur varies among individuals and also from side to side. The aim of this study was to determine the Angle of inclination and neck length of Femur.Material & Methods: A total of 50 dry femora (25right and 25 left) of nobel medical college was cross sectionally studied with random sampling without knowing the sex & age of bone. The angle formed between long axis of neck and long axis of the shaft of femur was measured with the help of goniometer. The neck length was measured with the help of sliding calliper.Results: The mean angle of inclination was 128.98±4.55 degrees, on the right side was129.84±5.22 degrees and on the left side was 128.12±3.66degrees. The difference in the mean angle of inclination of right and the left side was found to be statistically insignificant (p value> 0.05). The mean neck length femur was 2.93 ±0.24cm, right femur was 3.06±0.19cm and left femur was 2.80±0.21cm. The difference in the mean neck neck length of the right and the left side was found to be statistically insignificant (p value> 0.05).Conclusion: The Angle of Inclination of Femur and neck length of femur in present study had no remarkable dissimilarity with the results observed in the studies conducted in Nepal and neighbouring countries. In the study there was no statistical significant difference between the neck-shaft angle and neck length of femur of right and left side of the femur but there was positive correlation between angle of inclination and neck length of femur.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), Page: 44-47

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NECK SHAFT ANGLE OF FEMUR IN CENTRAL INDIAN POPULATION

10.36106/paripex/1402452 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Vivek Kumar ◽

Vivekanand Murlidhar Gajbhiye

Keyword(s):

Femoral Neck ◽

Indian Population ◽

Femoral Shaft ◽

Mean Value ◽

Developmental Dysplasia ◽

Neck Shaft Angle ◽

Geographical Variations ◽

Shaft Angle ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Background: In the fields of forensics, anthropology, orthopaedics, and human kinematics, the thigh bone femur is widely studied. The clinical significance of the femoral neck shaft angle lies in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of femoral neck fractures, trochanteric fractures, slipped upper femoral epiphysis, and hip developmental dysplasia. Objective: The present study was conducted to compare the NSA disparity between femurs on both sides and to compare the NSA with the Western and Indian population sizes of different regions. This research therefore leads to Indian data on these parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 (75 right and 75 left) dry femur were used for measuring the neck shaft angle. Unpaired t-test was used to compare right and left femora. Results: The mean value of neck shaft angle was 126.04±5.05°. It ranges between 1130 to 1360. The mean value of right side was 125.92±4.9° and left side was measured 127.43±5.2°. There was no significant correlation between right and left neck shaft angle. Conclusion: The mean left femoral neck shaft angle was higher than the right femoral shaft in the present analysis, but the values were not statistically important. The angle of the neck shaft was lower than most studies in the Western population, but it was similar to most other studies in India. In the Indian population, geographical variations in the angle of the neck shaft also occur. In the field of orthopaedic surgery and anthropometry, this research will be of benefit.

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Sexual Variations of Femoral Neck-Shaft Angle in the Population of Odisha

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/293 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (19) ◽

pp. 1387-1390

Author(s):

Rajeev Kumar Kanchan ◽

Sonali Subhadarsini ◽

Dharma Niranjan Mishra ◽

Chinmayi Mohapatra

Keyword(s):

Femoral Neck ◽

Ventral Surface ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Legal Cases ◽

Male And Female ◽

Neck Shaft Angle ◽

Femur Neck ◽

Shaft Angle ◽

The Right

BACKGROUND The peculiar waddling gait of a female attracts most of the anatomists to measure and compare the neck-shaft angle (NSA) of the femora. The femoral neck shaft angle is greater in women due to greater pelvic breadth and shorter femur. Neck-shaft angle was measured by the angle that the neck makes with the shaft of the femur and it is measured on the ventral surface of femur taking the long axis of femoral neck with the long axis of the proximal end of the femur. It gives information about the race it belongs to and normally measures 120° to 140°. The intention of this study was to establish the femoral neck shaft angle variations in adult male and female for medico-legal and anthropometric studies. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 adult human femora of unknown sex in the anatomy department, Sriram Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, from May 2018 to April 2019. We included all the femora which were free of damage or deformity and fully ossified indicating adult bone. Femora with any pathological changes i.e., cortical bone deterioration, extreme osteophyte activity, osteoarthritis and fracture etc. were excluded from the study. The NSA was measured by protractor and goniometer. RESULTS In the present study the NSA range for the right femur of male was 108° - 135° and for the right femur of females 117° - 135°. The left male femur was 118° - 135° and the left female femur was 120° - 135°. The mean neck shaft angle of male femora was 125.9° and the female femora was 125.7°. These measurements show that the values were more in males than the females. The value of the present study was statistically significant between male and female i.e., P < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS These measurements are important in the medico-legal cases, reconstructive orthopaedic surgeries, hip replacement surgeries and also while constructing suitable prosthesis. This will also be helpful in the detection of sex by anatomists and forensic experts. KEY WORDS Neck Shaft Angle, Medico-Legal, Anthropometry and Goniometer

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The surgical treatment of the recurrent dislocation on the shoulder joint with minimum invasion anterior approach

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns0802049n ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 61 (1-2) ◽

pp. 49-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Srdjan Ninkovic ◽

Milan Stankovic ◽

Dragan Savic ◽

Radmila Matijevic ◽

Miroslav Milankov

Keyword(s):

Shoulder Joint ◽

Open Surgery ◽

Recurrent Dislocation ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Mean Value ◽

Basketball Player ◽

Physical Treatment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Novi Sad

Shoulder joint is one of the spherical joints and one of the most movable but also the most unstable joint of locomotive apparatus. The aims of this work are to review and analyze the results of medical treatment of frontal recurrent dislocations on the shoulder with open surgery technique on the Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology in Novi Sad in the period from 2002 to 2005. Twenty one patients with anterior recurrent dislocations of the shoulder were operated on, 19 men and 2 women. The average age of those patients was 24.8 (15-40 year-olds). Ten patients had an injury of the left and 11 patients the injury of the right shoulder. There were eight handball players, four fighting skills players; two of them played volleyball and one was a basketball player. Six of them were not sportsmen. The preoperational and post operational mean value of the modified Rowe scale showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Observing the patients after the operation in the period of 2 years, according to Neer scale, 3 patients (14.28%) had great results (grade over 90), 16 patients (76.19%) had a good result, (75-89), and only two patients (9.52%) had results less than 75. The measuring of the volume of movements after physical treatment in 12 patients (57.14%) has shown the decrease of the outside rotation. Open surgery treatment of the front unstable shoulder joint is reliable and time tested and it gives good clinical results in young sportsmen with undirected unstable, bigger number of dislocations and associated osseous defects. .

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Intrinsic cardiac output variability in the anesthetized normal and splenectomized dog

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1962.202.6.1155 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 202 (6) ◽

pp. 1155-1158 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Louis L. Smith ◽

Raymond L. Foster ◽

Walter Muller

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Output ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Statistical Evaluation ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Mean Value ◽

Entire Group ◽

Output Variability ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Effect Of Splenectomy

In an effort to determine variations in the normal hemodynamics of the dog, serial cardiac output and blood pressure measurements were made and peripheral resistance values calculated in the same animal over a prolonged period of time. The hemodynamic effect of splenectomy was observed by comparing seven lightly anesthetized normal dogs with seven splenectomized animals. The standard deviation for serial cardiac output values in individual normal dogs was ±6–15%. The mean value for the standard deviation in the entire group was ± 10.5%. The standard deviation for the cardiac output values in splenectomized dogs varied from ±6.5 to 29.5%. The mean value for the standard deviation in this group was ± 15%. Although the normal dogs appeared to have a more stable cardiac output, statistical evaluation of the data showed no significant difference in cardiac output variation between normal and splenectomized dogs. The intrinsic variation in the cardiac output of the dog is apparently physiological in origin and must be considered in interpreting serial observations of cardiac function.

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Comparing Two Different Automatic Methods to Measure Femoral Neck-Shaft Angle Based on PointNet++ Network

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1096475/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhe Li ◽

Jiayu Yang ◽

Xinghua Li ◽

Kunzheng Wang ◽

Jungang Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Femoral Neck ◽

Femoral Shaft ◽

Femoral Neck Axis ◽

Neck Shaft Angle ◽

3D Space ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Shaft Angle ◽

Automatic Methods ◽

3D Methods ◽

2D And 3D

Abstract Bacnground: Accurate measurement of the femoral neck-shaft angle (NSA) is of great significance for diagnosing hip joint diseases and preoperative planning of total hip arthroplasty. However, the fitting lines of the femoral neck and femoral shaft did not always intersect in 3D space. Thus, it is unclear whether there is a difference between 2D and 3D methods for measuring NSA. Methods: The femoral point cloud datasets from 310 subjects were segmented into three regions, including the femoral head, femoral neck, and femoral shaft using PointNet++. We created a projection plane to simulate the hip anteroposterior radiograph and fitted the femoral neck axis and femoral shaft axis to complete the 2D measurement, while we directly fitted the two axes in space to complete the 3D measurement. Also, we conducted the manual measurement of the NSA. We verified the accuracy of the segmentation and compared the results of the two automatic and manual methods. Results: The Dice coefficient of femoral segmentation reached 0.9746, and MIoU of that was 0.9165. No significant difference was found between any two of the three methods. While comparing the 2D and 3D methods, the average accuracy was 98.00%, and the average error was 2.58°. Conclusion: This paper proposed two accurate and automatic methods to measure the NSA based on a 2D plane and a 3D model respectively. Although the femoral neck and femoral shaft axes did not intersect in 3D space, the NSAs obtained by 2D and 3D methods were basically consistent.

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Gamma 3 U-Blade lag screws in patients with trochanteric femur fractures: are rotation control lag screws better than others?

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research ◽

10.1186/s13018-019-1427-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jehyun Yoo ◽

Sangmin Kim ◽

Junyoung Choi ◽

Jihyo Hwang

Keyword(s):

Femoral Fractures ◽

Walking Ability ◽

Fixation Failure ◽

Neck Shaft Angle ◽

Lag Screw ◽

Femur Fractures ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Shaft Angle ◽

Sliding Distance ◽

Screw Group

Abstract Background Intramedullary hip nails may be classified as blades or screws depending on the type of lag screw used. Recently, a combination of lag screw types with a U-clip insertion has also been used. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of these new screw types. Methods A total of 185 patients with trochanteric femoral fractures (age ≥ 65 years) who underwent surgery with intramedullary nails were selected. Surgeries with InterTrochanteric/SubTrochanteric (ITST), Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA), and Gamma 3 U-Blade lag screws were performed between January 2011 and June 2016. The AO/OTA classification, presence of a basicervical fracture type on 3D-CT, BMI, BMD, reduction quality, position of the lag screw, TAD (tip apex distance) of the lag screw, sliding distance of the lag screw, varus change (neck shaft angle), radiological union period, fixation failure and functional outcome as determined by walking ability were analyzed. Results There were 3/60 (5.0%) cases of fixation failure in the ITST group, all caused by cut-out; 4/57 (7.0%) in the PFNA II group: 3 caused by cut-through and 1 by metal fracture; 1/68 (1.5%) in the Gamma 3 U-Blade lag screw group (P = 0.301). In each group, the sliding distance of the lag screw showed a significant difference (P = 0.017), whereas significant sliding over 10 mm showed no statistically significant results. Conclusion There was only one (1.5%) case of fixation failure in the Gamma 3 U-Blade lag screw group. The sliding distance of the U-Blade was found to be in the middle, between the PFNA II (shorter) and ITST (longer) implants. The new rotational control lag screw seems to be comparable to other screw types.

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Study of the SCL-90 Scale and Changes in the Chinese Norms

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.524395 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Weimin Dang ◽

Yajuan Xu ◽

Jun Ji ◽

Ke Wang ◽

Songtao Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Detection Rate ◽

Critical Value ◽

Mean Value ◽

Symptom Checklist ◽

Measurement Standard ◽

Standard Score ◽

Usual Model ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the Chinese norms for the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) scale and its application.Methods: In total, 7,489 adults from Tianjin and Qingdao in China were included. Their data were compared with the norm data of 1,388 people published by Jin et al., the combined norms published by Tang et al., the data of 2,808 adults published by Chen and Li, and the data of 1,890 adults from Tong in China.Results: In five different periods, notable changes were observed in each factor of the SCL-90 that significantly differed from the previous norms. The scores of each factor showed an increasing annual trend. Compulsion consistently obtained the highest scores, and phobia consistently obtained the lowest scores. The scores tended to decrease from compulsion to anxiety, and psychosis scored lower than paranoia. There was a significant difference in the detection rate between the critical screening value of two points and the standard score. Using the standard score as the critical value, the detection rate ranged between 13 and 16% and was relatively concentrated. Using two points as the critical value, the detection rate ranged between 38 and 50%.Conclusion: The usual model in China is not consistent with social development. Using two points as the critical value is no longer suitable for the SCL-90. New Chinese norms and measurement standards should be developed. The mean value plus one standard deviation could be used as the new measurement standard.

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