scholarly journals Indications for destructive ocular surgeries in Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
KF Monsudi ◽  
AA Ayanniyi ◽  
AH Balarabe
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Eye ◽  
Ocular Surgery ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Common Indication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ocular Tumours ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Type Of Surgery

Introduction: Destructive ocular surgery (DOS) means eye loss. An audit of its indications would be useful in reducing its incidence. Objective: To determine indications for destructive ocular surgeries. Materials and methods: The case records (files) of all the patients who had DOS in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria from January 2004 to December 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. The information extracted include the bio data, indication for DOS, type of surgery performed and history of the use of traditional eye medications (TEM) and willingness to use an artificial eye (AE). Results: Thirty-seven patients had DOS. The mean age of the patients was 35.51years (SD 21.6) and the male to female ratio was 2.1:1. Evisceration was the commonest DOS performed , in 30 eyes (81.1 %). The most common indication for DOS was intraocular infection, in 15 eyes (40.5 %), followed, among others, by trauma in 13 (35.1 %) and malignant ocular tumours in 4 (10.8 %). There was association between age and indication for DOS (P = 0.032). Many patients, 15 (40.5%), used TEM and most, 34 (91.9%), refused an artificial eye (AE) after surgery. Conclusions: The most common indication for DOS in this study was intraocular infection. Evisceration was the commonest destructive eye surgery offered. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(9):24-27 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7817

Stroke in a Subsaharan Nigerian Hospital—A Retrospective Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Bwala
Keyword(s):  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Transient Ischaemic Attacks ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hospital Deaths ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
Male To Female

The case records of 53 consecutive Nigerian inpatients with stroke in the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age at presentation was 55 years and the male to female ratio was 2.5: 1. The mean duration of symptoms before presentation was 11.1 weeks and the average duration of stay in hospital was 3 weeks. Thirty-three (63%) of the lesions were infarctive and 19 (37%) were haemorrhagic. Only 3 (6%) patients gave a history of prior transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs). Forty-two (79%) patients were hypertensive at presentation out of which 27 (64%) had the hypertension diagnosed for the first time. Four (8%) patients were non-insulin dependent diabetics. There were 11 hospital deaths (21%). Thus hypertension, more than half undiagnosed at admission, was the most common risk factor for stroke in the hospital population studied.

scholarly journals Clinical Spectrum and Neuroimaging Changes in Neurodegenerative Disorder-Experiences in Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Gopen Kumar Kundu ◽  
Rumana Islam ◽  
Noor E-Sabah ◽  
ABM Mukib
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male To Female

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by progressive loss of previously acquired skills that are of varied etiology, clinical manifestations, and natural course. There is a paucity of data on clinical profile of neurodegenerative diseases in our population. We conducted a retrospective study with 68 diagnosed cases of NDD at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Among them, more than one-third of children were in 1-5 years age group. The mean age was 10.2±3.1 year and male to female ratio was 2:1. Fifty percent of cases had a history of consanguineous parents. Leukodystrophy was most common (30.88%) among NDDs, followed by Wilson disease (26.47), SSPE (22.1%), and Degenerative Ataxia (20.59%). Motor skill regression was the most common presentation (97%), followed by speech regression in 91% and Gait disorder in 83% of children. Seizure was presenting features in 24% of children. Neuroimaging abnormalities were found in 80.88% NDD cases. Among them white matter hyper intensity in 29.41%, cerabeller atrophy in 13.25 %, and cerebral atropy in 11.76% of children. Eye changes were found in about two-thirds (69.12%) of cases of NDD. Among them, optic atrophy was found in 29.41%, and KF rings in 25.00% of cases.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Profile and Determinants of Tuberculosis in Urban Nepalese Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-254
Author(s):  
Subash Bhatta ◽  
Nayana Pant
Keyword(s):  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Family ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Male To Female

Introduction: Tuberculosis has evolved through ages to remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite having a very successful Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course program, tuberculosis is still one of the most widespread infections in Nepal. This study was done to observe the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis patients in an urban Nepalese population.Materials and Methods: 585 newly diagnosed cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in two tertiary level hospitals in the country were enrolled in the study during a period of 18months. A standard questionnaire was formatted and the required information was acquired with the help of interview and investigation reports.Results: The mean age of presentation was 35.76 with a male to female ratio of 1.48:1.57% of the cases had less than primary education with 26 % being illiterates. The most commonly involved occupational group was farmers (22%) followed by students (20%) and laborers (14%). 22% of cases had a history of contact with tuberculosis in the family. 41 % were smokers and 18 % abused alcohol. Pulmonary tuberculosis comprised 68% of the total cases. The most common extrapulmonary presentation was lymph node TB (28%) followed by pleural effusion (21.5%) and tubercular meningitis (16%).Conclusions: Young people with lower literacy levels and with a family history of tuberculosis are at increased risk of acquiring tuberculosis and community approaches for tuberculosis control should target this group to reduce the burden of the disease

scholarly journals P129 The utility of routine operative swab culture in uncomplicated peri-anal abscesses

BJS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Apoorva Khajuria ◽  
Tuba Rahim ◽  
Mariam Baig ◽  
Kai Leong ◽  
Apoorva Khajuria
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Perianal Abscess ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Incision And Drainage ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Operative Findings ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract Introduction Despite perianal abscess being a common presentation, certain aspects of its management remain controversial, especially the routine use of intra-operative swab cultures. Methods A retrospective review of patients that underwent incision and drainage procedures for a perianal abscess over a six-month period was undertaken. Results Over 6 months, 50 patients were identified. The male to female ratio was 3:1 and median ASA score was 1. Only 6/50 patients presented with recurrent abscess and 1 patient had history of inflammatory bowel disease. On the basis of operative findings, 39 patients (78%) had uncomplicated abscess (not associated with cellulitis, sinus or fistula); swab cultures were performed in 26 (67%) of these patients. All patients were discharged on the same day; microbiology reports did not impact the treatment and no patients were followed up in clinic post-operatively or presented with recurrence. The number of unnecessary microbiology swabs undertaken in this cohort equates to approximately 52 unnecessary swabs a year. The cost of one swab is £10.10p, which means £520 could potentially be saved annually. Conclusion Routine intra-operative swab cultures do not impact management decisions, add to unnecessary costs and therefore should not be undertaken in uncomplicated or first presentation of peri-anal abscesses.

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF ACUTE FEBRILE ENCEPHALOPATHY CASES IN PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP PATIENTS: A STUDY FROM WESTERN RAJASTHAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
Laxmi Rathore ◽  
P. K. Khatri ◽  
Saroj K. Meena ◽  
Archana Bora ◽  
Suneel Bhooshan
Keyword(s):  
Lower Class ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Demographic Distribution ◽  
Viral Etiologies ◽  
Male To Female

Acute Febrile Encephalopathy is a clinical term used to describe patients presenting with short febrile illnesses with altered mental states. Demographic distribution plays an essential role in the diagnosis of viral etiologies. One hundred ve suspected AFE cases were enrolled in the study. A detailed history by predesigned performa and laboratory investigations was obtained for data collection. Viral etiology was diagnosed in 32 (30.48%) cases. The male to female ratio was 1.39:1. Total 56.25% of positive cases were from the lower class, 28.13% from the middle class, and 15.63% from the upper class. 24 (75%) cases from rural, while only 8 (25%) of the urban population showed viral etiologies. In 19 (59.4%) cases were either history of incomplete vaccination or not vaccinated, 13 (40.6%) cases had a history of complete immunization among positive cases. The predominant clinical feature was fever (100%) followed by seizures 66(62.86%), vomiting 37(35.24%), headache 14(13.33%), paresis in 16(15.24%) and altered sensorium in 29(27.62%), respectively. To conclude, the etiologic panorama of AFE varies with several factors such as time and demographical location, age, and immunization status. There is an urgent need to conduct more studies to prole the viral etiologies according to their prevalence in geographical areas so the treatment can be tailored accordingly and prophylaxis treatment or immunization can be boosted in the population at risk of getting the disease.

COMPARISON OF CLINICO-SOCIAL PROFILE OF PULMONARY AND EXTRA PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN A RURALAREA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-72
Author(s):  
Gaurav Santosh Nemade ◽  
Sumit Nitin Dhus ◽  
Arushi Ramesh Shetty ◽  
Neha Dhananjay Firake
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Tobacco Addiction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Case ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Clinical Characteristic

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The burden of tuberculosis (TB) in India is the highest accounting for 26% of the global incidence. A total of 1.4 million people died from TB in 2019 (including 208 000 people with HIV). India accounts for a fourth of the global burden of TB and 29% of global mortality. Therefore, we carried out this study to compare demographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristic between pulmonary TB (PTB) and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY:Aretrospective analysis was carried of 348 patients diagnosed in DOTS centre, Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni. Characteristics of demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained from medical case records. RESULTS:Among the 348 cases, 71.3% were PTB and 28.7% were EPTB including, pleural (36%), meningeal (27%) and lymphatic (20%) cases. The male to female ratio in PTB and EPTB are 1.99 and 1.22 respectively. EPTB was more common at younger age (<25 years). Tobacco addiction (10.9%), diabetes mellitus (4.03%), HIV positivity (12.1%) and history of contact with Tb patients (17.7%) were more likely to be associated with PTB. CONCLUSION:Increased awareness of the risk factors may facilitate early case nding and better management outcomes for these patients.

scholarly journals Accidental childhood poisoning in Paediatrics department of a tertiary care facility: A retrospective review

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Obu ◽  
M.C. Orji ◽  
U.V. Muoneke ◽  
U.V. Asiegbu ◽  
G.O. Ezegbe
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Accidental Poisoning ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tertiary Care Facility ◽  
Childhood Poisoning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Accidental childhood poisoning is a recognized preventable cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. This studywas aimed at determining the prevalence, pattern, and outcome of childhood poisoning among children in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. Material and Methods: Medical records of all cases of accidental childhood poisoning admitted into Children’s emergency room (CHER) of the health facility of study between January 2014 and December 2018 were retrospectively identified and relevant data extracted and analyzed usingSPSS version 22. Results: Out of the 7,700 children that presented to CHER over a 5- year period, 42 were cases of poisoning, giving prevalence rate of 0.5%. Of the 42 cases, only 20 case notes were retrieved. The male to female ratio was 2.3:1 while the ages ranged between 6months and 14 years with the mean age of 3.06±2.88. Kerosene poisoning had the highest proportion of 50.0% (10/20) with the overall mortality rate of 5.0% (1/20).The relationship between age, place of residence and outcome in poisoned children was statistically significant (p = 0.038, 0.045 respectively). Conclusion: Accidental childhood poisoning is common in Abakaliki. Kerosene still remained the major agent while male toddlers were most  vulnerable. There is need to intensify enlightenment campaigns and education of the public about the hazard of improper storage of kerosene and other implicated substances at home. Keywords: Accidental poisoning, Childhood, Kerosene

scholarly journals Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Knee and Shoulder Arthroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110560
Author(s):  
Krystian Kazubski ◽  
Łukasz Tomczyk ◽  
Piotr Morasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Shoulder Arthroscopy ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Orthopedic Patients ◽  
Male To Female

The purpose of our study was to comprehensively assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on knee and shoulder arthroscopy performed in an orthopedic department of a university hospital in Poland. This study compared the data on all shoulder and knee arthroscopy procedures performed in two different periods: The period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland (from March 4, 2020, to October 15, 2020) and the corresponding period prior to the pandemic (March 4, 2019, to October 15, 2019). The study evaluated epidemiological data, demographic data, and hospital stay duration. The total number of arthroscopy procedures conducted in the evaluated period in 2020 was approximately 8.6% higher than that in the corresponding 2019 period. The mean duration of hospital stay for orthopedic patients after their knee or shoulder arthroscopy was 3.1 days in 2020 and 2.8 days in 2019. Our study revealed the mean age of arthroscopy patients during the pandemic to be lower at 48.4 years than the 51.2 years recorded in 2019. The male-to-female ratio was shown to be lower at .85 during the pandemic, having decreased from 1.5 in 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic did not reduce the number of arthroscopy performed at our center, and the mean age of the patients did not change. However, the pandemic had a marked effect on the mean duration of hospital stay and male-to-female ratio.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Rapid Diagnostic Kits Test for Diagnosis of Malaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2826-2828
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahsan Zafar ◽  
Sidra Khalid ◽  
Talha Munir
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Kits ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Malaria Antigen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male To Female

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic kits test for diagnosis of malaria taking microscopy as gold standard Methodology: A total of 375 cases with age range 18-65 years of either gender as suspected for malaria were included in the study. We excluded all those cases already taking anti-malarial drugs. The study was conducted at Chughtais Lahore Lab, Lahore. Required blood sample were obtained following aseptic measures. Malaria RDT SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Pf/Pan (Catalogue No. 05FK60, Standard Diagnostics Inc, Hagal-Dong, Korea, from now on referred as “SD RDT”) was used. Patients were labeled as positive or negative on the basis of reports from hematology department assessed by microscopy and patients were labeled as positive or negative Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.84±13.44 years, male to female ratio of the patients was 1.01:1. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the RDT for diagnosing malaria was 96.79%, 96.28% and 96.53% respectively taking microscopy as gold standard Conclusion: Rapid diagnostic kits is very useful reliable test with high diagnostic accuracy for diagnosis of malaria taking microscopy as gold standard Keywords: Microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic kits, Malaria,

scholarly journals Apheresis-Adverse Events in Man and Machine Individualities

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Md Ashraful Hoque ◽  
Kashfia Islam ◽  
Selina Akter
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Citrate Toxicity ◽  
Common Adverse Reaction

Adverse events due to platelet pheresis are not unheard of citrate related reactions being the most common. Most of these events are mild and self limiting. The current study describes adverse events in platelet pheresis using modern apheresis systems. This prospective study included 1455 platelet pheresis procedures done from July 2016 to December 2017. Procedures were performed on Hemonetics MCS+, Trima Accel and Cobe spectra cell separators. The endpoint of each procedure was a yield of 3 × 1011 platelets (PLTs) per unit. Donor adverse reaction if any was managed, reported, and documented. The median age of donors was 31 years with male to female ratio of 13:1. The median body surface area and body mass index were 1.64 m2 and 22.4 kg/m2, respectively. The mean PLT count of donors was 199.8 × 103/uL with a mean hemoglobin value of 13.6 g/dl. ACD infusion was significantly more in the Hemonetics MCS+, (P< 0.01). Donation time was least with the Trima compared to Hemonetics MCS+ (P< 0.01) and Cobe (P< 0.001). Total whole blood volume processed was higher in Hemonetics MCS+, (P< 0.01). Paresthesia due to citrate toxicity was the most common adverse reaction (65.3%), and vascular injury was observed in only five donors. The overall incidence of adverse reaction was 3.4%. Serious adverse events were not observed. The modern generation apheresis machines are more donors friendly and cause less adverse reactions compared to the older versions. Good donor screening, optimized donor physiognomic and hematological values and skilled operators are the key factors in reaction reduction by apheresis. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2019;14(1): 27-30

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