scholarly journals Conjoined Twins: A Report of 3 Cases to Emphasize Prenatal Diagnosis and Challenges

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Kiran Agarwal ◽  
Lata Agarwal ◽  
VK Agrawal ◽  
Ashok Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Conjoined Twins ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Multiple Congenital Anomalies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Incomplete Abortion ◽  
History Of

Meeting challenges regarding conjoined twinning and its Prenatal Diagnosis is depicted by three pairs of conjoint twins (all female) diagnosed by ultrasound. All the pairs belonged to Hindu family and there was no history of consanguineous marriage, previous twins in family, ingestion of drugs or exposure to X-ray. First pair of thoracopagus twins was diagnosed at 28 weeks gestation born to twenty two years old primigravida. Second pair of twin was Cephalo-thoracopagus born to twenty seven years old second gravida with a history of one incomplete abortion (two years back). Third pair of twin was craniopagus thoraco-ompalopagus born to twenty five years old second-gravida and parity one at fifteen weeks of gestation. Incidences of female conjoint twins are more common. Management of conjoint twin still remains a challenge to modern sciences due to multiple congenital anomalies although early and easy diagnosis of conjoint twin is possible because of the availability of ultrasonography. Keywords: Conjoined twins, prenatal diagnosis and challenges DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i1.5255 NJOG 2011; 6(1): 57-60

scholarly journals Pattern of congenital anomalies in neonates at tertiary care centre in Hyderabad, India: a hospital based prospective observational study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Paramesh Pandala ◽  
Rakesh Kotha ◽  
Himabindu Singh ◽  
Nirmala C.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex

Background: With advancements of perinatal, neonatal care congenital defects were the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in developed world. It is one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality in India. Its incidence also influenced by many preventable risk factors. Hence, we are carried out this study to know the changing pattern of congenital anomalies and to know the effect of environmental risk factors on congenital anomalies.Methods: Prospective observational study conducted at Niloufer hospital Hyderabad during period from November 2017 to 2018. We included intramural and extramural babies. Analysed data by appropriate statistical methods.Results: Most common system involved was Central nervous system (CNS) with 25 cases out of 112 cases followed by Gastrointestinal system (GIT)and Cardiovascular system (CVS). Meningomyelocele, anorectal malformations and acyanotic heart diseases were most common type of congenital anomalies. Thirty seven to forty weeks gestational age group babies were most commonly have congenital anomalies than other gestational age group babies. Low birth weight babies had higher percentage of congenital anomalies (2.64%). Congenital anomalies were more in the male sex (2.53%) as compared to female babies (1.73%). Maternal obesity, consanguineous marriage and previous family history of congenital anomalies associated with increased risk of congenital anomalies with significant p values.Conclusions: Incidence of congenital anomalies was 2.15%. Most of congenital anomalies were involved in CNS. Birth weight, Gestational age, Male sex, consanguineous marriage, maternal Obesity and previous family history of congenital anomalies were significantly associated with increased risk of congenital anomalies.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Pattern of Birth Defects in a Tertiary Referral Center

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Munjal Yadav ◽  
Shanti Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
History Of

Background: Congenital disorders (birth defects) are structural or functional abnormalities, which are present from birth, whether recognized at birth or later and constitute a major health problem worldwide.  Congenital anomalies occur in 3 to 5 % of all pregnancies and 2 to 3 % of all births. The exact magnitude of birth defect related events is still unrevealed. Prevalence is high in Nepal but true magnitude is still unknown. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cross sectional study of all antenatal women who had an ultrasound revealing congenital anomalies as well who delivered with a fetal congenital malformation at department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital. Maternal variables like age, parity, period of gestation at detection, medical history, mode of delivery and complications were recorded. Fetal outcomes and details of anomalies were analyzed. Consanguinity and history of use of folic acid was also inquired. Results: Our institutional prevalence of congenital anomalies was 1.25%. The mean age of the mother is 25.88 years. Anencephaly was seen in 5 live birth among the mothers of consanguineous marriage. The predominant system involved was central nervous system 37(37%) followed by Musculoskeletal system 13 (13%). Most of them 38/56 (68%) were pre diagnosed by antenatal ultrasound only in the third trimester. Majority of them didn’t give history of the use of folic acid. Vaginal delivery was the preferred choice of the termination of pregnancy. Conclusion: Congenital anomaly rate was 1.25% and Central Nervous System was the predominant system involved with Anencephaly being common in consanguineous marriage.

Congenital absence of the nasal septum in a Nigerian newborn with multiple congenital anomalies

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. e235845
Author(s):  
Isa Abdulkadir ◽  
Sani Musa ◽  
Fatima Lami Abdullahi ◽  
Laila Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Congenital Absence ◽  
Multiple Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Nasal Bridge ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
History Of ◽  
Term Baby

Congenital absence of the nasal septum (hyporhynia) is infrequently reported in the literature. We report a rare case in a newborn with multiple congenital anomalies with the aim to highlight its rarity and compatibility with life in a resource-limited setting. The case notes of the child were summarised and the relevant literature reviewed to give the report a context. A 2-hour-old term baby boy presented with a history of abnormal facie characterised by a single nostril and noisy breathing. On examination, he had stridulous breathing, bilateral proptosis, sloping of the forehead, depressed nasal bridge absent nasal septum, absence of columella and hypoplastic mid-face, among other dysmorphic features. A diagnosis of hyporhynia in a baby with multiple congenital anomalies was made and managed accordingly. The baby was discharged to continue follow-up. Congenital absence of the nasal septum is rare and could present without respiratory distress and may be compatible with life.

A prenatal diagnosis of mosaic trisomy 5 reveals a postnatal complete uniparental disomy of chromosome 5 with multiple congenital anomalies

2017 ◽  
Vol 173 (9) ◽  
pp. 2528-2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Reittinger ◽  
Benjamin M. Helm ◽  
Debra J. Boles ◽  
Inder K. Gadi ◽  
Samantha A. Schrier Vergano
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Uniparental Disomy ◽  
Multiple Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Mosaic Trisomy

scholarly journals CONGENITAL ANOMALIES IN NEWBORN

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
SAADIA TARIQ
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Maternal Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Recorded Diagnosis

Objective: To determine congenital anomalies in newborn and associated maternal risk factors. Design: Cross sectionalobservational study. Setting: Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics unit 1 Lahore General Hospital Lahore. Period: From Jan 2007—Dec2007. Patients & methods: All the women who have given birth to babies with congenital abnormalities were recorded. Diagnosis of neonatalcongenital anomalies was based on clinical evaluation of newborn by experienced neonatologist. Results: During the study period, 2872patients delivered, of which 48 had congenitally malformed babies, makes the prevalence of 16 per 1000 births. Congenital anomalies weremost commonly 52.26% seen in the 21-30 years. The most frequent associated risk factor was history of consanguineous marriage in 45.83%.Neural tube defects were found to be commonest type of anomaly. Among the most frequent neural tube defect was hydrocephalus andanencephaly. Conclusion: The commonest associated risk factor was consanguineous marriage the frequency of which may be reduced bycreating awareness regarding the avoidance of consanguineous marriages. NTD were the most prevalent anomaly detected and early prenataldiagnosis is helpful in decreasing the indirect prevalence of perinatal mortality by offering early termination.

Lingual Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Toxin - A Case Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
MA Hayee ◽  
QD Mohammad ◽  
H Rahman ◽  
M Hakim ◽  
SM Kibria
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lingual Dystonia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray

A 42-year-old female presented in Neurology Department of Sir Salimullah Medical College with gradually worsening difficulty in talking and eating for the last four months. Examination revealed dystonic tongue, macerated lips due to continuous drooling of saliva and aspirated lungs. She had no history of taking antiparkinsonian, neuroleptics or any other drugs causing dystonia. Chest X-ray revealed aspiration pneumonia corrected later by antibiotics. She was treated with botulinum toxin type-A. Twenty units of toxin was injected in six sites of the tongue. The dystonic tongue became normal by 24 hours. Subsequent 16 weeks follow up showed very good result and the patient now can talk and eat normally. (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 75-78)

Highlights in the history of X-ray topography1

1995 ◽  
Vol 210 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Domain ◽  
Diffraction Theory ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dislocation Sources ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractX-ray topography provides a non-destructive method of mapping point-by-point variations in orientation and reflecting power within crystals. The discovery, made by several workers independently, that in nearly perfect crystals it was possible to detect individual dislocations by X-ray diffraction contrast started an epoch of rapid exploitation of X-ray topography as a new, general method for assessing crystal perfection. Another discovery, that of X-ray Pendellösung, led to important theoretical developments in X-ray diffraction theory and to a new and precise method for measuring structure factors on an absolute scale. Other highlights picked out for mention are studies of Frank-Read dislocation sources, the discovery of long dislocation helices and lines of coaxial dislocation loops in aluminium, of internal magnetic domain structures in Fe-3 wt.% Si, and of stacking faults in silicon and natural diamonds.

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