scholarly journals Assessment of Drinking Water Quality of Madhyapur-Thimi and Study of Antibiotic Sensitivity against Bacterial Isolates

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bina Laxmi Jayana ◽  
Tista Prasai ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Kayo Devi Yami
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Guideline Value ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Who Guideline

The study was undertaken to assess the existing status of drinking water quality of Madhyapur-Thimi. A total of 105 water samples comprising 50 (47.61%) wells, 45 (42.82%) tap water and 10 (9.52%) stone spouts were randomly collected. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed following standard technique. The pH (1.9%), conductivity (34.28%) and turbidity (16.19%) of water samples had crossed the permissible guideline values as prescribed by WHO and national standard. All samples contained nitrate values within the WHO permissible value as well as national standard but hardness (2%), chloride (2.85%), iron (26.66%), ammonia (11.42%), and arsenic content (1.90%) crossed the WHO guideline value but none of the water samples crossed the national standard for arsenic. Arsenic having 0.025mg/l (25ppb) was detected from two well water samples, Makanani well and Ajimanani well. Total coliform count showed 64.76% of samples crossed the WHO guideline values. Eleven different kinds of enteric bacteria were isolated from different sources, Enterobacter spp. being the predominant. Isolates were subjected for antibiotic susceptibility pattern using ten antibiotics. Among total isolates, resistance was directed to 79.5% Erythromycin, 62.67% Penicillin G, 61.9% Amoxycillin, 34.5% Ampicillin, 21.1% Tetracycline, 15.4% Ceftriaxone, 14.7% Amikacin, 14.7% Cephotaxine, 5.6% Chlorophenical and 5.6% Ofloxacin respectively.Key words: Coliform; Enteric bacteria; Permissible value; Physicochemical; Antibiotic resistanceDOI: 10.3126/njst.v10i0.2955Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 10, 2009 Page: 167-172

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality in Schools in a District Area in Hanoi, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863022095967
Author(s):  
Dang The Hung ◽  
Vu Thi Cuc ◽  
Vu Thi Bich Phuong ◽  
Dao Thi Thanh Diu ◽  
Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Taste And Odor

Background: Drinking water quality affects directly human health. Assessment and prevention of water-borne diseases are crucial for primary prevention, especially for children. Objective: The main aim of this study was to investigate the quality of drinking water from tap water in preschools and primary schools in a district area in Hanoi City, Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from August to October 2019. Water samples from tap water of 154 schools in a district area of Hanoi were collected to determine the quality of drinking water. From each school, at least 2 bottles of water samples were collected on the basis of a standard operating procedure (SOP). Each water sample was analyzed for microbial and physicochemical parameters, including Color, Taste and Odor, Turbidity, pH, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonium, Total Iron, Permanganate, Chloride, Hardness, Total Manganese, Sulfate, Arsenic, Coliform, and E.coli, by analytical methods. The obtained values of each parameter were compared with the standard values set by WHO and National Technical Regulation on Domestic Water Quality of Vietnam. Results: All of the schools employed community water system as a main source for drinking water. The results showed that all tested samples were found to be within the standards for some physicochemical properties, including Color, Taste and Odor, Hardness, Chloride, Total Iron (Fe2+ và Fe3+), Total Manganese (Mn), Nitrate (NO3–), Sulfate (SO42–), and Total Arsenic (As). On the other hand, some samples did not meet the allowable limits of the national standard, due to pH (3.9%), Turbidity (0.6%), Nitrite (3.2%), Permanganate (6.5%), and Ammonium (5.8%). Furthermore, the microbial data revealed that the substandard water samples from municipal water systems were contaminated by Coliform (9.7%) and/or E.coli (7.8%). Conclusions and recommendations: Contaminants such as bacterial and chemical agents in to drinking water could be occurred during transport, storage and handling before using by the consumer without regular surveillance. A periodic treatment procedure and monitoring system to keep the level of microbial and chemical contamination of drinking water in schools under control should be performed.

scholarly journals Temporal Variation of Drinking Water Quality Parameters for Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yaseen Ahmed Hamaamin ◽  
Jwan Bahadeen Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Water is vital for all forms of life on earth. Assessing the quality of water especially drinking water is one of the important processes worldwide which affect public health. In this study, the quality of drinking water in Sulaimani City is monitored for a study period of 1 year. A total number of 78 water samples were collected and analyzed for 17 physical and chemical properties of water supply system to the city. Samples of water are collected from the three main sources of drinking water for Sulaimani City (Sarchnar, Dukan line-1, and Dukan line-2) from February to August 2019. The results of physical and chemical parameters of collected water samples were compared with the World Health Organization and Iraqi standards for drinking water quality. The results of this study showed that mostly all parameters were within the standards except the turbidity parameter which was exceeded the allowable standards in some cases. This research concluded that, in general, the quality of drinking water at the three main sources of Sulaimani City is suitable and acceptable for drinking.

scholarly journals Study of Compliance of Sealed Bottled Water with Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standard: A Case of Bhaktapur Municipality, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Prasidha Raj Neupane ◽  
Iswor Bajracharya ◽  
Meera Prajapati ◽  
Hishila Sujakhu ◽  
Pramod Awal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Standard ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical

Bottled water is generally considered safe for drinking. However, several studies have reported the substandard quality of bottled water. Physico-chemical assessment of ten different brands of bottled water distributed in Bhaktapur Municipality was carried out from January 2018 to March 2018. In total, one hundred bottled water samples consisting of ten different brands were collected randomly from various retail outlets. Eight selected physico-chemical and microbiological parameters were analysed following standard methods, and the results were compared with the Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS) (2005). Out of one hundred samples, sixty-nine samples did not comply with the standard pH limit. Other physico-chemical parameters were found to comply with the standard though variations were observed in the concentrations among different brands. Microbial contamination was not found in any brands of the bottled water samples considered in this study. However, it is necessary to examine other contaminants such as heavy metals, minerals, and chemicals to know the overall quality of water. Moreover, the regulatory bodies are required to strictly monitor water processing companies for the maintenance of the quality of bottled water.

scholarly journals Drinking water quality and handling practices among women in rural households of Oshimili North Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-266
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Omoladun Oloruntoba ◽  
Donald Uzowulu Olannye
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Water Handling ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Who Guideline

Diarrheal diseases associated with inadequate supply of potable water are the leading causes of mortality among children under five years in developing countries. In Nigeria, women are the water managers in most households. However, there is dearth of information on the effect of women’s handling practices on drinking water quality. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the drinking water quality and handling practices among women in selected rural households in Oshimili North Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. Paired drinking water samples from available sources and Household Storage Containers (HSC) were assessed for physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters using standard methods. The data obtained were compared with the WHO guideline limits. Water samples with 0, 1-10, 11-50 and > 50 E. coli/100 mL were graded as A, B, C, and D corresponding to excellent, acceptable, unacceptable, and grossly polluted quality, respectively. Pre-tested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents. A 30-point scale was used to assess water handling practices. Handling practice scores greater or equal to mean handling practice score were grouped into good and those less than that were grouped into bad handling practices. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and One-way ANOVA at α = 0.05. The results showed physico-chemical parameters for both sources and households within WHO guideline limits. The mean total coliform counts for all sources and household containers exceeded permissible limits. E. coli  was not detected in harvested rain water while counts for borehole was 10.2 ±2.2 (A) and for stream sources was 44.6±33.3 EC/100 mL (B); drinking water stored in HSC had 36.8±32.3 (A) EC/100 mL, borehole had 62.31±33.2 (C) and stream had 30.00±33.2 (B). Mean handling practice score was 19.4+6.6. Majority (60.0%) practiced some water handling technique. Drinking water from assessed sources was of poor microbial quality and it significantly deteriorated when stored in household storage containers. Therefore, there is a need to improve the microbial quality of drinking water at sources and household level through the supply of simple, acceptable, low-cost treatment methods and hygiene education.

scholarly journals 22 Biological quality of drinking water for dairy cows - A risk oriented evaluation of influencing factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
Jason J Hayer ◽  
Benedikt G Schulze Dieckhoff ◽  
Celine Heinemann ◽  
Julia Steinhoff-Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biofilm Development

Abstract Despite its importance, legal regulations and official guidelines regarding the quality of livestock drinking water are rather unspecific. The study aimed to investigate biological livestock drinking water quality considering influences of risk factors and relations to biofilm development and hygiene status of dairy troughs. On 24 dairy operations in Western Germany, 105 troughs were sampled. Water and biofilm were analyzed for aerobic total viable count (TVC), coliform count (CC), Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases building bacteria (ESBL). 33 possible influences on biological water quality for each trough were either recorded or inquired. The troughs surface was examined with protein- and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-rapid tests for hygiene. A mixed model and Spearman rank correlations (SAS 9.4) were used for estimating the probability of quality impairment in relation to recorded influences. Average TVC in water samples was 4.4 log10 cfu/ml. Coliforms were detectable in 94.3% of all troughs and E. coli in 48.6%. CC seems to be a more sensitive and suitable indicator to check fecal contamination because 16 water samples were positive for CC (>2.0 log10 cfu/ml) but negative for E. coli. MRSA were found in livestock drinking water of a single, and ESBL on three farms, suggesting that troughs might contribute to an exchange of antibiotic resistant bacteria in some dairy farms. Risk factors (P < 0.05) for at least one quality criteria (TVC, CC or E. coli) were water origin, trough type, degree of trough soiling, visible biofilm, ambient temperature and distance to the milking parlor. Water CC (r = 0.46; P < 0.001) and E. coli (r = 0.31; P < 0.01) correlated with their equivalent in biofilm and with hygiene tests on trough surfaces (0.31 >r >0.19; P < 0.05). Biological livestock drinking water quality can be improved by addressing the risk factors and be monitored with hygiene tests.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical characteristics of natural water and selenium-rich water resources in the Northern Daba Mountains, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhao ◽  
Kunli Luo ◽  
Yajun Du ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Jie Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
L 14

The Northern Daba Mountains (NDM) of Shaanxi Province, China, are a well-known selenium (Se)-rich area, and the area is also known for endemic fluorine (F) and arsenic (As) poisoning. In order to study the hydrochemical characteristics and trace element contents of the natural waters of this region, 62 water samples were collected from Lan'gao area in the NDM. The hydrochemical composition was principally characterized by Ca·Mg-HCO3·SO4. F and As concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.67 mg/L and from 0.33 to 6.29 μg/L, respectively, lower than Chinese national standard and international guidelines for drinking water quality. One year of monitoring proved that F and As in natural water were not the sources of the local fluorosis and arseniasis in the NDM. The average Se concentration in fissure water was 5.20 μg/L. The average Se content of river water was 2.82 μg/L, 14 times that of the world's surface level (0.2 μg/L). The Se content in eight samples reached the Chinese national standards for mineral drinking water quality (>10 μg/L). Contrasting the water samples of May, July, and September in 2015 shows that the Se content is relatively stable and the increase of humidity might be beneficial to increase the content of selenium and strontium in water.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality in Rural Area of Amhara Region, Ethiopia: The Case of Mecha District

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mekuanint Lewoyehu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacterium ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Filtration Method

This study was conducted to assess the drinking water quality of north Mecha district, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. 26 drinking water samples were collected from the water points of the dweller community in the dry seasons of 2020 and subjected to the analysis of physicochemical parameters, bacteriological parameters, and the level of trace metals. The analysis of physicochemical parameters and the trace metals was carried out following the standard procedures of the laboratory, and the bacteriological water qualities were measured using the membrane filtration method. The F−, NO3−, SO42−, and Cu levels of the water samples were within the permissible limits of the WHO and compulsory Ethiopian standard (CES). Depending on turbidity, 61.54% of the tested water samples crossed the WHO limit of drinking water quality, and 100% of the samples surpassed the limits of EPA. Based on iron and ammonia levels, 38.46%, and 100% of the studied water samples violated the environmental protection agency (EPA) guidelines; 23.07%, and 3.84%, of the samples surpassed the WHO and CES drinking water quality standards. In view of pH, 23.07% of the tested water samples were not within the safe limit of the WHO and CES. 92.31% of the studied water samples were not potable as coliform bacterium (thermo tolerant indicator bacterium) growth was detected. The study revealed that the water sources of the study area are not safe for drinking unless appropriate treatment measurements are taken. Higher values of water quality parameters for the water samples from Koga irrigation site than the values for the water samples from the study sites found out of the irrigation site indicated the pollution load of Koga irrigation on the water quality of the area.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A PORTABLE HOUSEHOLD WATER DEVICE FOR IMPROVING DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
J.G. Akinbomi ◽  
I.I. Odika
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
State University ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Α Level

Pipe borne water supplied to Nigerian households may not always meet the accepted drinking water quality standards due to possible water pipe damage. The objective of this study was, therefore, to develop a portable water filter device for improving household drinking water quality. Five litres of representative tap water samples collected from Lagos State University Staff quarters were passed through the developed device. The experimental variables investigated for data acquisition were aeration period of untreated tap water; device backwashing operation cycles and retention times of tap water in the filter device. The results of the analyses of water samples for the various values of the experimental variables showed that the range values of water parameters between the treated and untreated tap water samples were 0.04-0.05, 0.02-0.03, 0.04-0.12, 0.3-0.4, 125-137, 10-20, 3-10 mg/L for barium, chromium, iron, pH, Total Dissolved Solids, hardness and chloride, respectively. Although the developed device helped in improving the quality of the tap water; the p-values for the different experimental variables were greater than α-level of 0.05 indicating the non-significance of using the developed water device. Consequently, future study will consider other experimental variables that will justify the significance of using the developed device.

Assessing the drinking water quality of educational institutions at selected locations of district Swat, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salam ◽  
Fakhri Alam ◽  
Md. Nuralam Hossain ◽  
Mian Abdal Saeed ◽  
Tasir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Educational Institutions

scholarly journals Physiochemical and Microbiological Analysis of Drinking Water in Chattogram City, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Kanij Fatema Nishan ◽  
Nilufa Yeasmin ◽  
Urmi Rani Devi ◽  
Sumiya Akter ◽  
Md. Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Chattogram is the second most populated city in Bangladesh. This port city faces a serious threat mainly due to the lack of safe drinking water. This study was conducted for determining drinking water quality of groundwater sources in Chattogram city. The study was performed in the BCSIR laboratory, Chattogram. It was carried out for a period of six months from 1st July, 2018 to 31th December, 2018. Total six water samples were collected from three different locations (Baluchora, C&B colony and Khulshi area). Each sampling location consists of two separate sampling points. Physicochemical parameters of the collected samples like Temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solid (TDS), Hardness, Turbidity and concentration of Cl, As, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cr and Cd were examined. Microbial parameters like Total Coliform (TC) were also measured. All the analyzed parameters compared with BSTI and WHO drinking water quality standards to understand the overall ground water quality status of the study area. The results reveal that water samples in almost all locations were contaminated with microbial contamination and that the range of physico-chemical parameters was not adequate for consumption. Preliminary treatments like boiling, filtering etc are required before using groundwater for drinking and the necessary measures must be taken for a safe alternative source of drinking water.

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