scholarly journals Investigation on Species Composition of Plant Community at Tad Xai at Phou Khao Khouay National Park, Lao PDR

Our Nature ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metmany Soukhavong ◽  
Liu Yong ◽  
Khamseng Nanthavong ◽  
Jérôme Millet
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Significant Difference

Phou Khao Khouay (PKK) National Park is one of the 21 National Parks in Lao PDR that supports high biodiversity. The plant community was represented by 62 families, 145 species and 1,221 tree size individuals in 50×50 m2 plots. The largest species in terms of individual number were Hydnocarpus ilicifolia, Hopea spp. and the largest families in terms of species number were Rubiaceae and Dipterocarpaceae. A total 24 families, 33 species and 91 sapling individuals were found in the 10×10 m2 sapling plots, the largest species were Rinorea boissieui, Ailanthus triphysa and Hopea spp. and the largest families were Dipterocarpaceae and Myrtaceae. In the seedling quadrat, there were 88 families, 153 species and 1,586 seedling size individuals in 2×2 m2 plots, the largest species were Hopea spp., Hopea ferrea and spp. (leguminoceae), the largest families were Rubiaceae, Annonaceae and Dipterocarpaceae. Diversity was found very high in tree and seedling was significantly higher than that of sapling, but no significant difference between tree and seedling. The largest tree height and maximum mean diameter at breast height (DBH) belonged to the family of Dipterocarpaceae. Canopy cover of Diperocarpaceae was highest (35%) in study area. Lauraceae and other 6 families had lowest crown cover around 5%. The result of this study indicated the pattern of species composition in plant community assembly and density, diversity, abundance for the vegetation layers.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v11i1.8237 Our Nature Vol.11(1) 2013: 1-10

scholarly journals The Wadden Sea as a National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site: Students’ Word Associations with These Two Conservation Designations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8006
Author(s):  
Till Schmäing ◽  
Norbert Grotjohann
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Significant Difference

The Wadden Sea ecosystem is unique in many respects from a biological perspective. This is one reason why it is protected by national parks in Germany and by its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In biology didactics, there are only a few studies that focus on the Wadden Sea. This work investigates students’ word associations with the two stimulus words “national park” and “UNESCO World Heritage Site”. The survey was conducted among students living directly at the Wadden Sea and among students from the inland. The analysis of the identified associations (n = 8345) was carried out within the framework of a quantitative content analysis to be able to present and discuss the results on a group level. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Overall, results showed that the students made subject-related associations as well as a large number of associations to both stimulus words that could be judged as non-subject-related. In some cases, a connection with the region of residence could be found, but this was not generally the case. Even students’ immediate residential proximity to the Wadden Sea is no guarantee that they have knowledge of the two considered protection terms.

Predicting the Distribution of Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) in Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58612
Author(s):  
Silvi Dwi Anasari ◽  
Wulan Pusparini ◽  
Noviar Andayani
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Environment Variables ◽  
Presence Data ◽  
Manis Javanica ◽  
In The Wild

The distribution of a species can help guide the protection activities in their natural habitat. Conversely, the lack of information on this distribution makes the protection strategy of this species difficult. The research was conducted in Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park from January until March 2018. The purposes of this research were to create a distribution prediction map of Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) and estimating the environment variables that most influenced the probability of the distribution. Fourteen points of camera trap coordinates were used for presence data with nine types of environment variables such as elevation, slope, understorey, canopy cover, distance from roads, distance from rivers, distance from villages, food source, and distance from the threat. The result of maxent showed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.909 categorized as very good. The highest probability of Sunda pangolin distributions was in the Pemerihan Resort and Way Haru Resort area, while the dominant environmental variables included the distance from the village, the canopy cover, and the distance from threat with the value 47.7; 25.85; and 15.8%, respectively. Prediction maps and environment variables can help to identify the population of Sunda pangolin in the wild and can provide input for the national parks to prioritize protection areas for Sunda pangolin from the increased poaching.

scholarly journals ASOSIASI POHON DENGAN EPIFIT Hoya spp. DI TAMAN NASIONAL BUKIT DUABELAS Tree Association with Epiphytes Hoya spp. in Bukit Duabelas National Park

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Inggar Damayanti ◽  
Iskandar Z. Siregar ◽  
Sri Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
Habitat Variables

In the tropical rainforests of Jambi, Sumatera, a particular group of epiphytes, species in the genus Hoya, have significant potential to be developed as commercially valuable ornamental plants, because of the uniqueness and beauty of their flowers. Hoya spp. are epiphytic vines whose survival depends largely on the presence of carrier trees, i.e. phorophyte trees. The study reported here was conducted to identify the level of epiphytic association between phorophyte trees and identified Hoya species. The study found four Hoya species, namely: Hoya rintzii, Hoya revoluta, Hoya coronaria, and Hoya cf. caudata. The four species of Hoya were found growing on eleven different species of phorophyte trees. Based on the results of t-contingency tables it was found that there is no association between particular Hoya species and the particular phorophyte tree species. This conclusion was supported by the calculation of Jaccard association indices demonstrating that the association between Hoya spp. and phorophyte tree species is relatively weak. Crown cover and the diameter of the tree are two habitat variables that affect the presence of Hoya revoluta at the sites. The presence of Hoya caudata was influenced by the variable temperature, while the presence of Hoya coronaria was associated with humidity, but the degree of association was relatively weak. The most significant variables affecting the presence of Hoya rintzii were tree height and elevation.Key word: association, ephyphites, Hoya spp, phorophyte.

scholarly journals An Examination of Teachers’ Attitudes Towards the National Park in Their Environment: The Isparta, Denizli Example

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Aytaç Karakaş ◽  
Hasan Genç
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Teachers Attitudes ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Education Process

Environmental education in national parks is equivalent to an open and permanent education process in which individuals and communities become aware of their natural environment and gain a critical and sensitive attitude towards it and the use of its resources. The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes of teachers towards national parks who work in schools near different national parks in terms of different variables. As a work of descriptive research, it was conducted with a total of 167 teachers who worked in schools around Kovada Lake National Park, Kızıldağ National Park, and Honaz Mountain National Park. In the study, an attitude scale with a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.83 and consisting of 32 items was used for the national parks. The SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences Program) was used to evaluate the data obtained. A T-test and a one-way ANOVA test were used to analyze the data. According to the results obtained, teachers’ attitudes towards the national park did not show a significant difference in terms of their gender, their tenure, the branches they serve, their purpose of visiting the national park, their opinions on the importance attached to the national park, the different schools near the national park, the national park near the schools they worked in, their purpose in visiting the national park previously while they differed significantly according to whether the teachers had visited the national park before.

Importance of boreal forested wetlands for epiphytic macrolichen communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1333-1339
Author(s):  
Tegan Padgett ◽  
Yolanda F. Wiersma
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Forested Wetlands ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Forested Wetland ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Face Threats

Forested wetlands provide ecosystem services and often support elevated levels of biodiversity and rare species. However, forested wetlands are understudied and face threats such as logging and land conversion. Epiphytic lichens are abundant in forested wetlands and may be useful to help delineate microhabitats across wetland–upland gradients. We investigated epiphytic macrolichen richness, diversity, and community composition in 15 sites in the Avalon Forest Ecoregion, Newfoundland, Canada. Within each site, we set up three parallel 40 m transects in (i) the forested wetland, (ii) the ecotone, and (iii) the upland forest. Along each transect, we selected five balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) trees 10 m apart and surveyed for macrolichens on the lower bole. We collected data on tree height and tree diameter at breast height, which differed significantly among forest types. We also collected data on tree age and canopy cover, which did not differ significantly among forest types. Contrary to hypotheses suggesting that biodiversity is highest in ecotones, we found that mean macrolichen richness was significantly higher in wetlands, lower in the ecotones, and lowest in upland forests, and macrolichen diversity followed a similar pattern but with no significant difference among groups. Macrolichen community composition significantly differed among wetlands, ecotones, and upland forests. A lichen of conservation concern, Erioderma pedicellatum (Hue) P.M. Jørg., was detected primarily in forested wetlands, highlighting wetlands as key habitats for rare epiphytic macrolichens.

scholarly journals Species Composition and Diurnal Activity Rhythm of Tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) at the Ivindo National Park and Its Environs

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Affiri Odzame Joseph-Marie ◽  
Sevidzem Silas Lendzele ◽  
Zinga Koumba Christophe Roland ◽  
Mounioko Franck ◽  
Koumba Armel Aubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
National Park ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Village

An entomological prospection to show the species composition and diurnal activity of tabanids was carried out using 15 Vavoua traps, during the rainy season (25th Sept-5th Oct and 21st Oct-9th Nov 2018), in the secondary forest [Ivindo National Park (INP)] and Village-Town sites in and around the biosphere reserve Ipassa-IRET Makokou in Gabon. In total, 839 tabanids were caught with 747 recorded at INP and regrouped under 11 species of the genus Tabanus [T. taeniola (57.76%),               T. ricardae (26.32%), T. par (5.54%), T. ruficrus (3.74%), T. socius (3.74%), T. disjunctus (2.49%), T. marmorosus (0.28%) and T. obscurehirtus (0.14%)]. However, two species of the genus Chrysops [C. dimidiatus (70.83%) and C. silaceus (29.17%)] and one species of the genus Haematopota [H. pluvialis (100%)] were only identified at INP. While in the Village-Town sites, 92 tabanids were caught and regrouped under five species of the genus Tabanus [T. ruficrus (14.13%), T. taeniola (9.78%), T. ricardae (73.91%), T. par (1.09%), and T. marmorosus (1.09%)]. Tabanids were more abundant in the forest (7.12 tabanid/trap/day) as compared to the Village-Town (0.77 t/t/d) with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). At INP, tabanids showed a unimodal activity pattern with peak attained between 12-14H and in the anthropized milieu (14-16H) and dominated by females.

scholarly journals Carbon Status and Regression Model for Tree Carbon by Crown Cover for Sal Forest of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Paudel ◽  
Rupesh Kalakheti ◽  
Tek Maraseni
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Forest Condition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cover Class

Abstract Volume, biomass and carbon of forest ecosystem are generally estimated using lookup tables or allometric equations known as models. These general equation-based models are usually exclusively based on dimensional measurement such as diameter at breast height (DBH) and/or height, which sometimes makes it difficult to judge applicability of equation to given forest condition or types. It is therefore important to estimate carbon stock and develop models to predict biomass or carbon stock with stratification by categorical variables like crown cover, slope, forest types, etc. Stratification of forest by remote sensing approach while designing forest inventory not only improves the reliability of the estimation but also reduces the cost of measurement. Taking crown coverage (<25%, 25-50%, 50-75% and >75%) as a categorical variable, this study assessed the status of carbon stock and develop a regression model to predict carbon stock for each canopy class of Sal (Shorea robusta) forest in Nepal. DBH and height were measured for trees with more than 7 cm DBH in 82 sample plots (18, 22, 22 and 20 for <25%, 25-50%, 50-75% and >75% respectively). On average 297 stands per hectare were recorded with 94.80 m 3 /ha growing stock. Carbon stock was highest for >75% crown cover class (89.83 ton C/ha) and lowest for <25% crown cover class (27.47 ton C/ha) with average 60.41 ton C/ha, where per tree carbon stock was lowest in crown cover class 25-50% (0.16 ton C/tree). TukeyHSD shows that four pairs of crown cover classes have significant difference in carbon stock at 95% confidence interval. Regression model with natural logarithm of DBH 2 and total tree height was best fitted for estimation of carbon stock per tree in different crown cover class with adjusted R 2 >0.99 and residuals were normally distributed. Adjustment of model (natural logarithm of DBH 2 and height) with high accuracy (R 2 >0.99) shows the importance of stratification especially by crown cover for accurate estimation of carbon stock for optimization of carbon benefits.

scholarly journals Nesting habitat selection and challenges of conservation of the vulnerable Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus (Horsfield, 1821) in the Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai ◽  
Jagan Nath Adhikari ◽  
Manukala Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
National Park ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Nesting Habitat ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Nesting Place

Abstract The nesting ecology and conservation threats of the Lesser Adjutant (Leptoptilos javanicus) were studied in the Chitwan National Park, Nepal. We located nine nesting colonies during the nesting season. The number of nests was highly positively correlated with tree height, diameter at breast height and canopy cover. The uppermost canopy of the trees was the most preferred nesting place. Storks preferred to nest in compact colonies on large, widely branched trees with thin foliage cover, such as Bombax ceiba, and also nearby the foraging grounds such as wetlands and grasslands. Storks mostly preferred to nest in Bombax ceiba, but if this tree was not available, they nested in other trees, such as Shorea robusta, Ficus racemosa and Terminalia alata. During the breeding season, 180 adults, 76 nests and 88 chicks were recorded, where the highest number of chicks was recorded near the Sauraha area of the Chitwan National Park. Most of the colonies were far from human settlements, which suggest that human disturbance could be the major determinant of nesting habitat selection in this area. The wetlands nearby human settlements are either overexploited in terms of mass collection of the storks` prey species by people or disturbed highly due to presence of a large number of people. These empirical findings suggest that conservation of Lesser Adjutant mainly rely on the protection of mature Bombax ceiba trees and the reduction of human disturbance and of the collection of stork prey animals from foraging areas.

Earliest Arenig radiolarians from the Cow Head Group, Western Newfoundland

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mun-Zu Won ◽  
William J. Iams
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
National Park ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Shell Wall ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Phylogenetic Evolution

Radiolarians have been recovered from lowermost Arenigian rocks of the Cow Head Group in Gros Morne National Park, Newfoundland. Two new faunal assemblages include eight families, 13 genera, and 25 species. Among these, the family Neoaspiculumidae, the genus Neoaspiculum, and 11 species, Beothuka aitchisoni, B. grosmornensis, B. stougei, B.? stellata, Neoaspiculum cancellium, N. headense, N. transformum, N. laxum, N.? amplum, Proventocitum cylindricum, and P. piriforme, are new.This study elucidates the reason for the significant difference in species composition between pre-Arenigian and Arenigian radiolarian faunas. This difference does not appear to be due to mass extinction, but rather to phylogenetic evolution: most radiolarian families that flourished during pre-Arenig time were gradually but significantly reduced by the earliest Arenig. Characteristic features of the earliest Arenig assemblages that distinguish them from their Tremadocian predecessors are 1) the development of a distinctive skeletal constructional element referred to as “bandage” structure that evolved through modification of a mesh of thin bars and 2) the appearance of multiple concentric shells including a proloculus (or a microsphere), which developed from a primitive three-dimensionally interwoven meshwork or spongy shell wall. These forms, represented by beothukids, antygoporids, and inaniguttids, are rare but they appear to originate in the earliest Arenig. Transitional characteristics among those forms are developed in the Neoaspiculumidae, which flourished during the earliest Arenig.The precise biostratigraphic age of one of the assemblages was determined with the recovery of the index condont Prioniodus adami Stouge and Bagnoli, 1988 from strata belonging to the Tetragraptus approximatus Graptolite Zone, which is at the base of the Arenigian.

Rangeland Vegetation Response Following Control of Brownspine Pricklypear (Opuntia phaecantha) with Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Price ◽  
Rodney K. Heitschmidt ◽  
Steven A. Dowhower ◽  
James R. Frasure
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Significant Difference

Brownspine pricklypear (Opuntia phaecantha Engelm. & Bigel.) was effectively controlled within 2 yr following application of a 1:1 mixture of 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) at a rate of 0.6 kg ae/ha. Brownspine pricklypear canopy cover and dry weight declined from approximately 23% and 3800 kg/ha to 8% and 1600 kg/ha, respectively. No significant difference in total herbaceous forage dry weight was found between plants growing inside brownspine pricklypear canopy areas and plants growing outside the canopy areas. Differences between areas in species composition were significant in that cool-season grasses dominated the canopy area of the brownspine pricklypear colonies while warm-season grasses dominated the area outside the canopy. Control of brownspine pricklypear will enhance livestock carrying capacity of rangeland in the Rolling Plains of Texas by increasing forage availability but not forage production.

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