scholarly journals Diversity, Host Range and Distribution of Mistletoes along Steep Altitudinal Gradient of Tribhuvan Highway, Central Nepal

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
G.P. Joshi ◽  
M.P. Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fragmented Forests ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
High Degree

A total of 11 mistletoe species, eight belonging to five genera in the family Loranthaceae and three species belonging to two genera in the family Viscaceae were documented from 43 host species belonging to 24 unrelated host families along Tribhuvan highway, central Nepal. Wide host range of Scurrula species (Loranthaceae) showed that they were more generalist and successfully parasitized as many hosts as encountered, while Viscaceae mistletoes showed narrow host range and high degree of host specificity since they infected a limited number of hosts. The irregular and patchy distribution of mistletoe along the highway was governed by three major factors: forest structure, site mesoclimate and availability of suitable host species. Marginal fragmented forests located along the warm sunny slopes of highway were found as most suitable habitat. Warmer southern sunny slopes, between Sinbhanjyang to Bahise Dobhan, favoured wider altitudinal distribution range of mistletoe compared to cold and moist northern slopes.DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1.4317

scholarly journals Diversity, distribution and host range of mistletoe in protected and unprotected areas of Central Nepal Himalayas

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Devkota ◽  
GP Joshi ◽  
P Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Host Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Fragmented Forests

Diversity, distribution and host range of mistletoe were assessed in protected and unprotected areas of the Central Nepal Himalayas. This study recorded ten mistletoe species. Occurrence of all ten mistletoe species within the Shivpuri Nagarjun National Park (SNNP) was a clear indication that national parks provide better habitat for mistletoe species richness and thus a better opportunity for biodiversity conservation than in unprotected areas. For these mistletoes, a total of 34 host species of 21 unrelated families were documented. Scurrula genus of the Loranthaceae family had the highest number of species, the highest number of host species, and the widest altitudinal distribution. Variation in climatic factors, edge effect, disperser behaviour, fragmented forests and the availability of suitable host species determine the occurrence of a particular mistletoe species in a particular habitat. Key words: Diversity: distribution: host range: mistletoe: Nepal DOI: 10.3126/banko.v20i2.4797 Banko Janakari Vol.20(2) 2010 pp.14-20

scholarly journals Ecological Status and Peoples’ Perception of Mistletoes in Panchase Protected Forest, Central Nepal Himalayas

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Dipak Bohora ◽  
Mohan P. Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge System ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mountainous Communities ◽  
The Rich ◽  
High Degree

 Realizing the importance of Panchase Protected Forest, an important corridor of the Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape (CHAL) area, the ecological status and peoples’ perception of mistletoe was studied to supplement the information on mistletoes of Nepal Himalayas. Mistletoes were studied along the forest trails and data were collected within 10 m radius plots 20 m inside the trails to record the incidence of mistletoe occurrence and severity of infection during three field visits in 1917 and 1918. Fifty people were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire and Biodiversity Conservation Confidence Index was calculated to understand peoples' perceptions about mistletoes. A total of seven mistletoe species, six belonging to four genera in the family Loranthaceae, and a single genus in the family Viscaceae were documented from 27 host species belonging to 24 genera in 18 unrelated angiosperm host families. Loranthaceae mistletoes were more generalists having a wide host range while Viscaceae mistletoe showed a high degree of host specificity. The irregular and patchy distribution of mistletoe is governed by host availability, forest structure, and site mesoclimate. Knowledge regarding the importance and uses of mistletoes and its values in natural plant communities is limited to older generation people. Age groups, profession, and the mechanism of indigenous knowledge inheritance in the rural mountainous communities of the Panchase area are very poor and are eroding rapidly which is against promoting the indigenous knowledge system especially in the younger generation. More conservation initiatives are needed through the stakeholder involvement to protect the rich biodiversity of the area.

Puccinia subnitens: An Obscure Rust Pathogen Little-Known for More than a Century

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Robert M. Harveson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Rust Pathogen

Sugar beet seedling rust, caused by Puccinia subnitens, is a rarely occurring but essentially harmless disease in sugar beet production. However, it has caused substantial but sporadic losses to commercial spinach growers. It has the typically complex life cycle of a macrocyclic rust pathogen, but is also unusual because it is one of the few documented heteroecious rust diseases where the early spore stages (pycnial and aecial) occur on the economic host while the normally damaging, repeating, uredial stage is found on the feral, noneconomic host. Most significantly, it was one of the first heteroecious rust diseases recognized to have the ability to infect numerous, distinct host species with the aecial stage while maintaining a relatively narrow host range for its uredial and telial stages. Accepted 6 June 2014. Published 25 July 2014.

scholarly journals ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Solemoviridae 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Merike Sõmera ◽  
Denis Fargette ◽  
Eugénie Hébrard ◽  
Cecilia Sarmiento ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Virus Taxonomy ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Polycistronic Rna

The family Solemoviridae includes viruses with icosahedral particles (26–34 nm in diameter) assembled on T=3 symmetry with a 4–6 kb positive-sense, monopartite, polycistronic RNA genome. Transmission of members of the genera Sobemovirus and Polemovirus occurs via mechanical wounding, vegetative propagation, insect vectors or abiotically through soil; members of the genera Polerovirus and Enamovirus are transmitted by specific aphids. Most solemoviruses have a narrow host range. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Solemoviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/solemoviridae.

PHAGES FOR AGROBACTERIUM RADIOBACTER WITH REFERENCE TO HOST RANGE

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Roslycky ◽  
O. N. Allen ◽  
Elizabeth McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
The Family ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Host Strains

Nineteen phages active against Agrobacterium radiobacter were isolated. Thirteen phages were obtained from raw sewage and six from silt loam soil seeded to alfalfa and peas. Temperate phages were not detected among the host strains. In specificity tests, Campbell and Hofer's medium was used for the phage: rhizobia systems and nutrient broth for the phage:agrobacteria systems. The phages showed a high degree of specificity for species of the genus Agrobacterium; however, all strains of A. radiobacter and A. tumefaciens were not lysed by any one phage. One phage lysed two strains of alfalfa rhizobia and three strains of clover rhizobia. Bacterial species outside the family Rhizobiaceae were not lysed. The 19 phages constituted one cross-resistance group. Phage-resistant isolates of A. radiobacter did not produce galls on tomato plants or nodules on four leguminous species.

The coevolutionary potential of a ‘generalist’ parasite, the hen flea Ceratophyllus gallinae

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. TRIPET ◽  
H. RICHNER
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Parasite Infestation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Ceratophyllus Gallinae

Hosts exert selection pressures on their parasites and it is often assumed that host–parasite coevolution with each host is less intense in a generalist parasite than for a parasite with a narrow host range. Selection pressure on the parasite, however, is rather determined by host specificity, i.e. the relative importance of each host, than simply by the range of hosts. The determination of host specificity requires an assessment of the prevalence and intensity of parasite infestation within each host's nests, as well as the local abundance of each host species. Since the hen flea, Ceratophyllus gallinae, is a rather generalist parasite of birds it could be concluded that there has been weak coevolution with each of its hosts. By reviewing the literature on the prevalence and intensity of hen flea infestations in bird nests we estimated the number of individuals produced in the nest of each host species. The comparative analysis shows (1) that the prevalence of infestation is highest in hole-nesting avian families, (2) that prevalence and intensity of infestation among bird families are highly correlated, and (3) that hole-nesting Paridae have the highest intensities of infestation and harbour the majority of the flea population. These results underline the fleas' potential for coevolution with Paridae despite their extensive host range.

The Inscriptions on the Gravestones in the Croatian Villages of Slovakia, Chunovo and Jarovce: The Specificity of Mixing Graphics Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
Darya Yu. Vashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Funerary Monuments ◽  
Traditional Spelling ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Village

The article discusses the inscriptions on funerary monuments from the Croatian villages of Cunovo and Jarovce, located in the South of Slovakia, near Bratislava. These inscriptions reflect the complicated sociocultural situation in the region, which is particularly specific due to the fact that this territory was included to Slovakia’s territory only after 1946, while earlier the village was part of Hungary. In addition, the local Croatian ethnic group was actively in close contact with the German and Hungarian communities. At the same time, the orthographic norms of the literary Croatian, German, Hungarian, and Slovak languages, which could potentially be owned by the authors of the inscriptions, differ in many ways, despite the Latin alphabet used on all the gravestones. All this is reflected in the tombstones, representing a high degree of mixing codes. The article identifies the main types of fusion on the monuments: separate orthograms, writing the maiden name of the deceased in the spelling of her native language, the traditional spelling of the family name. In addition, the mixing of codes can be associated with writing feminitives, also order of name and surname within the anthroponym. Moreover, the settlements themselves represent different ethnic groups coexistence within the village. Gravestones from the respective cemeteries also differ from each other in the nature of the prevailing trend of the mixing codes. In Jarovce, where the ethnic groups live compactly, fusion is often presented as a separate foreign language orthograms. In Cunovo, where the ethnic groups constitute a global conglomerate, more traditional presents for a specific family spelling of the names on the monument.

scholarly journals Involvement of loop 5 lysine residues and the N-terminal β-hairpin of the ribotoxin hirsutellin A on its insecticidal activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 397 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Olombrada ◽  
Lucía García-Ortega ◽  
Javier Lacadena ◽  
Mercedes Oñaderra ◽  
José G. Gavilanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Ribonucleolytic Activity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
Hirsutella Thompsonii ◽  
Close Spatial Proximity ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Ribotoxins are cytotoxic members of the family of fungal extracellular ribonucleases best represented by RNase T1. They share a high degree of sequence identity and a common structural fold, including the geometric arrangement of their active sites. However, ribotoxins are larger, with a well-defined N-terminal β-hairpin, and display longer and positively charged unstructured loops. These structural differences account for their cytotoxic properties. Unexpectedly, the discovery of hirsutellin A (HtA), a ribotoxin produced by the invertebrate pathogen Hirsutella thompsonii, showed how it was possible to accommodate these features into a shorter amino acid sequence. Examination of HtA N-terminal β-hairpin reveals differences in terms of length, charge, and spatial distribution. Consequently, four different HtA mutants were prepared and characterized. One of them was the result of deleting this hairpin [Δ(8-15)] while the other three affected single Lys residues in its close spatial proximity (K115E, K118E, and K123E). The results obtained support the general conclusion that HtA active site would show a high degree of plasticity, being able to accommodate electrostatic and structural changes not suitable for the other previously known larger ribotoxins, as the variants described here only presented small differences in terms of ribonucleolytic activity and cytotoxicity against cultured insect cells.

INFLUENCE OF BACTRIO-CARRY IN THE FAMILY ON THE COURSE OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN A CHILD

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Vasileva E.A. ◽  
Kuyarov A.A. ◽  
Kuyarov A.V.
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Nose And Throat

The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is complex, and at present a unified concept of the development of the disease has not been formed. At the heart of pathogenesis, there is a complex interaction of numerous factors, such as genetic predisposition, dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system and the epidermal barrier. Previously, it has been proven that a high microbial contamination of the affected areas helps to maintain inflammation and aggravates skin dysfunction as a result of chronic inflammation, and favorable factors appear for the attachment of a secondary infection. However, little attention has been paid to dysfunctions of the epidermal barrier, the role of violations of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microbiota in the development of AD, and this issue remains relevant at the present time. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the carrier of bacteria on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract in family members on the course of atopic dermatitis in a child. A bacteriological examination of the mucous membranes of the nose and throat was carried out in 34 children with AD and members of their families (74 people). When examining the mucous membranes of the nose and throat in family members of children with AD, it was found that the microflora isolated from family members in more than half of the cases has an increased potential for pathogenicity with a high degree of contamination (CFU lg 3), which forms an increased bacteriological load on the child. The tendency of bacterial carriage was revealed, contributing to the formation in the family of a permanent persistence of microflora with a high potential for pathogenicity. Asymptomatic carriage of bacteria forms an additional epidemiological load on the child, affects the severity of AD and is a risk factor in the development of secondary infection of the skin.

scholarly journals Altitudinal Distribution of Bryoflora at Chandragiri Mountain Forest of Kathmandu District, Central Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Nirmala Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
The West ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
The Road ◽  
Central Nepal

Chandragiri Mountain forest in Kathmandu borders Makwanpur district to the west was least known for bryophytes till this study was conducted. This mountain forest with varying elevation ranges from 1365 to 2300 m offered different habitat types for diverse bryofloral species which included 58 species of 39 genera categorized under 27 families and nine orders. Of the recorded species 18 species were rare and five new records to country’s list. Sauteria spongiosa (Kashyap) S. Hatt., a rare moss species was not recorded in this study though was reported for the fi rst time at 2250 m of this mountain in 1982. The habitat of this moss has completely been destroyed now due to expansion of the road in this part.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 81-92

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