scholarly journals Socio-Clinical Profile Of HIV Patients Visiting To An Art Centre

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Ajaypal Singh ◽  
S Singh ◽  
HL Alawa
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Geographical Population ◽  
Study Population

Introduction: Scenario of the AIDS epidemic, clinical course and pattern of opportunistic infections in HIV patients is changing world-wide. The study aims to fulfill the paucity of socio-clinical profi le among the patient of HIV with geographical population of this region. Methodology: This is a hospital based cross sectional clinical study with a sample size of 110 respondents presenting to ART center at Jayarogya Hospital (JAH) Gwalior from May 2010 to Oct 2011. Results: Mean age of study population was 35.44±9. High Frequency of weight loss > 10% (P<0.001), fever (P=0.0027), breathlessness (P=0.03), itching (P<0.001), lymphadenopathy (P<0.001), oral thrush (P=0.006), extra pulmonary tuberculosis (P=0.04), candidiasis (P=0.006) at low CD4 count (<200) and difference in mean CD4 count (P=0.0039) among male (202.21) and female (291.41) was found to be statistically signifi cant. CD4 counts of the patients were signifi cantly inversely correlated with the number of opportunistic infections and the number of symptoms (R=-0.369; P<0.001, R=-0.223; P=0.019 respectively). Conclusion: The study depicts male predominance, young sexually active group vulnerability, with a quite difference in clinical presentation and occurrence of opportunistic infections from other part of the world necessitating formulation of different set of guidelines for subjects of Indian subcontinent to improve life-span of such patients. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2013; X(2); 7-14 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v10i2.9707

scholarly journals Antiretroviral Service to HIV Patients of low CD4 Count in Seti Zonal Hospital

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (173) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidhan Nidhi Paudel ◽  
SR Chaudhary ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
GP Dhunagana ◽  
P Paydel
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Hiv Aids

INTRODUCTION:Due to unavailability of vaccine against HIV/AIDS, there are no ways other than relying on ART. We select group of late stage HIV/AIDS with CD4<50 so that opportunistic infections and outcome of patients in this late stage of severe immunosuppression after initiation of ART can be knownMETHODS:A cross sectional study was carried out in 53 HIV patients with CD4 count <50 cells/cu mm blood undergoing ART in Seti Zonal Hospital Dhangadi between December 2006 and May 2008 with objectives to explore the treatment outcome in this late stage of immunosuppression. Only those patients with CD4 count <50 were consecutively selected and recommended for various laboratory test on the basis of which ART regimen were prescribed.RESULTS:Among 53 patients, 42 (79.2%) were males and 11 (20.8%) were females, with predominant age group of 30-40 years (49.1%). Fever (71.7%), diarrhea (56.6%), pneumonia (52.8%), weight loss (52.8%) and oral thrush (33.9%) were found to be the major clinical presentation/Opportunistic infections. 19 (35.8%) patients showed normal activity throughout the treatment period with increase in CD4 count, 10 (19%) were recovered and transferred out. Only 1 (1.8%) showed decrease in CD4 count even after taking ART. Significant relationship was established between the intake of ART and increase in CD4 level (pair t = 7.88, p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:ART service was found to be efficient enough to increase the CD4 count significantly after 6 months of therapy but the prevalence of OIs/clinical manifestations were sufficiently higher in this group of patients with low CD4 count.Keywords: antiretroviral therapy, cell count, fever, opportunistic infections 

scholarly journals Suicidal ideation, psychopathology and associated factors among HIV-infected adults in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youdiil Ophinni ◽  
Adrian ◽  
Kristiana Siste ◽  
Martina Wiwie ◽  
Gina Anindyajati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Suicidal behavior is a prevalent psychiatric emergency in HIV-infected adults. Detection of suicidal ideation is important in planning early psychiatric intervention and optimizing HIV/AIDS management. Characterization of suicidal ideation among HIV-infected adults is crucial; however, practically there is no data in Indonesia, the country with the second largest burden of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Asia. This study aims to identify suicidal ideation and analyze the associated psychopathology and determining factors among HIV-infected adults in Indonesia. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected adults aged 18–65 years old receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Measurement using Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) was performed to assess the existing psychopathology. Firth’s penalized logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with suicidal ideation. Results A total of 86 subjects were recruited. Most subjects were male (65.1%), median age was 35 years, and median latest CD4 count was 463 cells/μl. Lifetime suicidal ideation was identified in 20 subjects (23.3%). Mean SCL-90 T-score for depressive and anxiety symptoms were both significantly higher among subjects with suicidal ideation (M = 60.75, SD = 12.0, p = 0.000 and M = 57.9, SD = 2.8, p = 0.001, respectively) compared to those without. Bivariate analyses showed that lifetime suicidal ideation was associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, non-marital status, CD4 count < 500 cells/μl, and efavirenz use. Multivariate analysis identified that a single-point increase in SCL-90 depression symptoms score (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 4.5–123.6, p = 0.000) and efavirenz use (AOR 5.00, 95% CI 1.02–24.6, p = 0.048) were significant independent factors related to suicidal ideation. Conclusion Suicidal ideation is commonly found among Indonesian HIV-infected adults on ART. Depressive symptoms and efavirenz use are independent factors related to the presence of suicidal ideation. Thus, early screening of psychopathology as well as substitution of efavirenz with other ART regiment are recommended to prevent suicide and improve HIV/AIDS management outcome.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Mortality of Cryptococcal Disease in Adults with Advanced HIV in an Urban Tertiary Hospital in Sierra Leone: A Prospective Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Lakoh ◽  
Hannah Rickman ◽  
Momodu Sesay ◽  
Sartie Kenneh ◽  
Rachael M. Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cryptococcal Disease

Abstract Background The global annual estimate for cryptococcal disease related deaths exceeds 180,000, with three fourth occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening in all HIV patients with CD4 count <100/µl. As there is no previous published study on the burden and impact of cryptococcal disease in Sierra Leone, research is needed to inform public health policies. We aimed to establish the seroprevalence and mortality of cryptococcal disease in adults with advanced HIV attending an urban tertiary hospital in Sierra Leone. MethodsA cross-sectional study design was used to screen consecutive adult (18 years or older) HIV patients at Connaught Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone with CD4 count below 100 cells/mm3 from January to April, 2018. Participants received a blood CrAg lateral flow assay (IMMY, Oklahoma, USA). All participants with a positive serum CrAg had lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CrAg assay, and those with cryptococcal diseases had fluconazole monotherapy with eight weeks followed up. Data were entered into Excel and analysed in Stata version 13.0. Proportions, median and interquartile ranges were used to summarise the data. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical variables. Results A total of 170 patients, with median age of 36 (IQR 30-43) and median CD4 count of 45 cells/mm3 (IQR 23-63) were screened. At the time of enrolment, 54% were inpatients, 51% were newly diagnosed with HIV, and 56% were either ART-naïve or newly initiated (≤ 30 days). Eight participants had a positive blood CrAg, giving a prevalence of 4.7% (95% CI: 2.4-9.2%). Of those with a positive CrAg, CSF CrAg was positive in five (62.5%). Five (62.5%) CrAg-positive participants died within the first month, while the remaining three were alive and established on ART at eight weeks. ConclusionA substantial prevalence of cryptococcal antigenaemia and poor outcome of cryptococcal disease were demonstrated in our study. The high mortality suggests a need for the HIV programme to formulate and implement policies on screening and pre-emptive fluconazole therapy for all adults with advanced HIV in Sierra Leone, and advocate for affordable access to effective antifungal therapies.

scholarly journals A Profile Of Patients Registered At Art Centre At Surat Municipal Institute Of Medical Education & Research In Surat City, Gujarat, India

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
B Modi ◽  
P Patel ◽  
S Patel
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction: An estimated 2.4 million Indians are currently living with HIV. In India, the antiretroviral treatment program started with a free ART treatment in 2003. This study was conducted in order to understand the clinico-epidemiological profi le of patients attending ART centre and the effectiveness of the therapy. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted at an ART center of Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research (SMIMER), in Surat city of Gujarat State. The data of 2357 PLHAs (People Living with HIV/ AIDS) registered at ART centre in one year time duration starting from 21st January 2010 was included in the study. Results: Among the total 2357 subjects, 1483 (63%) were males. In our study 42.3% of patients were between 31 to 40 years of age. Among the employed subjects, 32.9% of patients were laborer. Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centre (VCTC) was most common entry point of patient with 50% followed by private practitioner with 23% and NGOs with 6.2%. Other entry points are self referred, RNTCP etc. Tuberculosis and diarrhoea were the most common opportunistic infections. There was signifi cant improvement in CD4 count, bodyweight and functional status of the subjects after receiving the ART for an average duration of 6 months. Conclusion: The economically productive & sexually active people and those with lesser education are at higher risk of becoming sero-positive. The subjects showed signifi cant improvement after receiving ART with respect to the CD4 count and average body weight. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v8i2.5895 SAARCTB 2011; 8(2): 11-16

scholarly journals Liver Enzymes Abnormalities among Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Experienced and HAART Naïve HIV-1 Infected Patients at Debre Tabor Hospital, North West Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melashu Balew Shiferaw ◽  
Ketema Tafess Tulu ◽  
Amtatachew Moges Zegeye ◽  
Amarech Asratie Wubante
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv 1

Liver disease has emerged as the most common non-AIDS-related cause of death in HIV patients. However, there is limited data regarding this condition including our setting in Ethiopia. Hence, liver enzyme abnormalities among highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) experienced and HAART naïve patients were assessed in this study. A total of 164 HAART experienced and 164 HAART naïve patients were studied. Blood specimen was collected to determine alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), CD4 count, and viral hepatitis. The prevalence of liver enzyme abnormality was 20.1% and 22.0% among HAART experienced and HAART naïve patients, respectively. The HAART experienced patients had higher mean ALT than HAART naïve patients (P=0.002). Viral hepatitis (AOR = 6.02; 95% CI = 1.87–19.39), opportunistic infections (AOR = 2.91; 95% CI = 1.04–8.19), current CD4 count <200 cells/mm3(AOR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.06–4.39), and male sex (AOR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.001–3.33) were associated with elevated ALT and/or AST. In conclusion, liver enzyme abnormalities were high in both HAART experienced and HAART naïve HIV-1 infected patients. Hence, monitoring and management of liver enzyme abnormalities in HIV-1 infected patients are important in our setting.

scholarly journals A cross sectional survey of side effects of antiretroviral (ARV) in outpatients HIV by Naranjo Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Oki Nugraha Putra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Naranjo Algorithm ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Probable Category

Background: The main modality in HIV patients is the administration of long-treatment antiretroviral therapy (ARV). One of the problems from the use of ARV therapy is the side effects that can reduce patient compliance in taking medication, which has the potential to cause treatment failure. Objective: This study aims to examine the side effects and their causality in the use of ARVs in outpatient HIV patients at the VCT Clinic, Bhayangkara H.S. Hospital. Samsoeri Mertojoso Surabaya. Methods: This research was a prospective observational study with a cross-sectional design. Side effect data were taken from HIV patients by interview using the Naranjo algorithm. HIV patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study sample using consecutive sampling. This research was conducted from January to March 2020. Results: There were 72 outpatient HIV patients who met the inclusion criteria. The most opportunistic infections found in HIV patients are tuberculosis and Pneumocystis pneumonia. The results showed that the most common side effects experienced by patients were dizziness (43%), nausea and vomiting (31%), and rash (11%) with the highest Naranjo score being in the probable category of 86%. The Naranjo score in HIV patients with opportunistic infections and with comorbidities was significantly smaller than those in HIV patients without opportunistic infections or without comorbidities with independent t-test (P <0.05). Conclusion: The side effects in HIV patients while undergoing treatment with antiretroviral therapy are classified as a minor side effect and the cause of the side effects that occur is thought to be due to the probable category of ARV therapy. Keywords: HIV Patients, Antiretroviral, Side Effects, Naranjo's Algorithm.

A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY REGARDING AWARENESS OF TRAFFIC RULES.

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-98
Author(s):  
Nikhil B Chavda ◽  
Kinjal Lathiya ◽  
Devang A Raval ◽  
R.Naredra Kumar ◽  
Hetal Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Yellow Light ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Population

Road accidents had been a major cause for concern across the Indian subcontinent. In 2019 alone, the country reported over 151 thousand fatalities due to road accidents. Each year, about three to ve percent of the country's GDP was invested in road accidents. Road accidents are on the rise in countries that have experienced signicant and rapid development. This is due to the increased use of automobiles as a result of urbanization and development. A cross-sectional study of undergraduate medical students at a government medical college in Ahmedabad was done. Present study done among 298 under graduate students; out of them 203 were male and 95 were female students. Although the study population had good knowledge regarding trafc rules, only 36.24% were using helmet, 46.31% were using seat belts regularly, 57.72% were using mobile while driving. 76.17% were serviced vehicle properly, 75.84% were slowed down their vehicle when they see yellow light at trafc signal. Almost 98.99 % were using signal to change lane.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Mortality of Cryptococcal Disease in Adults with Advanced HIV in an Urban Tertiary Hospital in Sierra Leone: A Cross Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Lakoh ◽  
Hannah Rickman ◽  
Momodu Sesay ◽  
Sartie Kenneh ◽  
Rachael M. Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
World Health ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cryptococcal Disease

Abstract Background The global annual estimate for cryptococcal disease related deaths exceeds 180,000, with three fourth occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening in all HIV patients with CD4 count <100/µl. As there is no previous published study on the burden and impact of cryptococcal disease in Sierra Leone, research is needed to inform public health policies. We aimed to establish the seroprevalence and mortality of cryptococcal disease in adults with advanced HIV attending an urban tertiary hospital in Sierra Leone. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to screen consecutive adult (18 years or older) HIV patients at Connaught Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone with CD4 count below 100 cells/mm3 from January to April, 2018. Participants received a blood CrAg lateral flow assay (IMMY, Oklahoma, USA). All participants with a positive serum CrAg had lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CrAg assay, and those with cryptococcal diseases had fluconazole monotherapy with eight weeks followed up. Data were entered into Excel and analysed in Stata version 13.0. Proportions, median and interquartile ranges were used to summarise the data. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical variables. Results A total of 170 patients, with median age of 36 (IQR 30-43) and median CD4 count of 45 cells/mm3 (IQR 23-63) were screened. At the time of enrolment, 54% were inpatients, 51% were newly diagnosed with HIV, and 56% were either ART-naïve or newly initiated (≤ 30 days). Eight participants had a positive blood CrAg, giving a prevalence of 4.7% (95% CI: 2.4-9.2%). Of those with a positive CrAg, CSF CrAg was positive in five (62.5%). Five (62.5%) CrAg-positive participants died within the first month, while the remaining three were alive and established on ART at eight weeks. Conclusion: A substantial prevalence of cryptococcal antigenaemia and poor outcome of cryptococcal diseases were demonstrated in our study. The high mortality suggests a need for the HIV programme to formulate and implement policies on screening and pre-emptive fluconazole therapy for all adults with advanced HIV in Sierra Leone, and advocate for affordable access to effective antifungal therapies.

scholarly journals Incidence and profile of Helicobacter pylori infection among HIV positive patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1299
Author(s):  
Ramapriya Rengaswamy ◽  
Thayumanavan I.
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Urease Test

Background: People having HIV infection present with a number of symptoms related to gastrointestinal tract like dyspepsia. HIV itself as well as opportunistic infections is responsible for such symptoms. Notably is Helicobacter pylori infection causes variety of such symptoms. The objective of the present research was to study incidence and profile of Helicobacter pylori among HIV positive patients.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out over a period of two years among 101 HIV positive patients in the Department of General Medicine, Madurai Medical College, Madurai in collaboration with Department of Medical Gastroenterology and also Department of Venereology and Leporology. Rapid urease test was done. HIV status was confirmed by ELISA test. Data was analysed with the help of EPI statistical software.Results: Majority (40.6%) had CD4 count of 200-500. It has been observed that incidence of Helicobacter pylori was low in groups with low CD4 count. It was also observed that those with higher CD4 count had higher incidence of RUT positivity. This association was found to be statistically significant. The incidence of Helicobacter pylori positivity was not significantly different among those patients who were on ART (18%) and those who were not on ART (21%).Conclusions: The incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection was less in HIV positive patients. Those with CD4 cell count less than 100 had lower incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection than those with CD 4 cell count more than 500. Incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection was not affected by ART.

scholarly journals Correlation between Leptin Levels and CD4 Count in HIV Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 365-368
Author(s):  
Lydia Theresia Tampubolon ◽  
Dharma Lindarto ◽  
Santi Syafril
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Keywords Leptin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
The Mean

Background: HIV/AIDS is an immunodeficiency disease with CD4 T lymphocytes as the main target. Although antiretroviral therapy has increased life expectancy of HIV patients, its adverse effect, lipodystrophy, causes a decrease in leptin production by adipose tissue and reduce leptin effect on T lymphocytes’ stimulation. Previous studies had examined the correlation between leptin levels and CD4 count, although the results were inconclusive. This study aims to assess the association between leptin levels and CD4 count in HIV patients receiving HAART. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted at the outpatient clinic of Tropical and Infectious Disease Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan between April and July 2020. Correlation between variables were assessed through Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlations. Data were analyzed using the SPPS program where p <0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 40 HIV patients were analyzed. The mean age of the subjects were 33.62 ± 7.61 years. The mean leptin levels were 1198.97 ± 832.47 ng/mL and the mean CD4 count was 330.55 ± 163.98 cells/mm3. There were no significant differences in leptin levels between HIV stage III and IV (1067.71 ± 902.39 vs. 1090.80 ± 1185.74, p = 0.961). No significant differences were found between CD4 count and HIV clinical stage (392.34 ± 164.70 vs. 339.0 ± 177.46, p = 0.904). There was a significant association between leptin levels and CD4 count in HIV patients receiving HAART (r = 0.351, p = 0.026). Conclusion: Leptin levels were significantly correlated with CD4 count in HIV patients receiving HAART. Keywords: Leptin, CD4 lymphocyte count, HIV, highly active antiretroviral therapy.

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