scholarly journals Effect of Plant Residues on AM Fungi

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Shrestha Vaidya ◽  
K Shrestha ◽  
H Wallander
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Eupatorium Adenophorum ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mesh Bags

In this study we have investigated the effect of organic matter on growth of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in eroded slopes in Nepal such as Forest in Kavre District. Different types of organic matter (leaves of Thitonia diversifolia, Eupatorium adenophorum, Lantana camara, farm compost) and tri-superphosphate were mixed with eroded soil. The mesh bags were buried around trees of eroded site. The mesh bags were harvested after 6 months and the AM fungi in the mesh bags was quantified by analysing the AM spores. Key words: Organic matters; Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Fertilizers and forest. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v6i6.2640 Scientific World, Vol. 6, No. 6, July 2008 85-88

scholarly journals Study of Biodiversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Addition with Different Organic Matter in Different Seasons of Kavre District (Central Nepal)

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Shrestha Vaidya ◽  
Keshab Shrestha ◽  
Buddhi R Khadge ◽  
Nancy C Johnson ◽  
Håkan Wallander
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Eupatorium Adenophorum ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mesh Bags

Different types of organic matter (dried and powdered 5 gms. leaves of Tithonia diversifolia, Eupatorium adenophorum, Lantana camara, farmers compost) and triple-superphosphate were mixed with eroded soil collected from sites with no vegetation. Eroded soil without amendments served as control. The mixture was placed in mesh bags (50 Mm mesh) that allowed fungal colonization but excluded roots. Two sets of mesh bags were buried around Bauhinia purpurea and Leucaena diversifolia that had been planted in an eroded site. The first set was buried in June 2003 and harvest in December 2003 (the monsoon period) and the second set was buried in December 2003 and harvested in June 2004 (The drier period). We found that more Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal biomas and spores were produced during the wet season than during the dry season. The different types of organic matter had similar influence on the amount of AM biomass but the species composition was varied with the types of organic matter. In wet season nine species of AM spores and in dry season ten species of AM spores were found. In dry season Scutellospora nigra was found which was different from wet season. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhiza; Organic matter; Wet season; Dry season. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v5i5.2660 Scientific World, Vol. 5, No. 5, July 2007 75-80

scholarly journals EKSPLORASI FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (FMA) PADA RIZOSFIR HIJAUAN PAKAN

ZOOTEC ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Rifa E. Ansiga ◽  
A. Rumambi ◽  
D. A. Kaligis ◽  
I. Mansur ◽  
W. Kaunang
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
The Difference

EXPLORATION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL (AM) FUNGI IN FORAGE RHIZOSPHERES. This study aimed to determine the diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in several kinds of hybrid forages Rhizospheres, either in grasses or legumes. Soil samples were taken from three different locations, consisted of: Mapanget (forages type: Leucaena leucocepala, Sorghum varieties numbu, Penicettum purpureum cv. Mott), Tateli (forages type: calothyrsus Calliandra, Gliricidia sepium) and Campus of UNSRAT, Manado (forage type: King grass). The soil samples which taken from forages rhizospheres were sieved using Brundrett method and then centrifuged.  Thereafter, isolation and identification of spore were carried out based on spore morphology character, involves: shape, size, color, hyphae attachment, and ornament. Extraction and identification of spores on six types of rhizosphere were found 34 different types of AMF spores in shape and color. In grass, it was found three types of spores, i.e.: Glomus, Acaulospora, and Sclerocystis, meanwhile in leguminous just one type of spore was found, i.e.: Glomus. The difference of rhizosphere in grass and leguminosae resulted in different types of spores, where Sclerocystis and Acaulospora are found in grasses, on the contrary Sclerocystis and Acaulospora are not found in leguminosae. Based on the number of spores of AMF, it seemed that Glomus types found to have the most number, while Sclerocystis and Acaulospora had the lowest number of spores found. Key words: Exploration, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), Grass, Legume, Spores

scholarly journals The role of glomalin in soil erosion

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 82-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Shrestha Vaidya ◽  
MC Rillig ◽  
H Wallander
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Soil Protein

Glomalin is a glycoprotein, a sugar protein compound that might trigger the formation of soil. In this study we analyze the different organic matters which inhance mycorrhizal fungi and produce glomalin which is dependent upon the types of organic matter. The more glomalin in a particular soil, the soil probably is better. The amount of glomalin in the soil increased as a degree of interdependence increased between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These fungi produce glomalin and live inside plant roots and in the surrounding soil. Growth of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions was estimated within growth mesh bags which contain different organic matter. After six months these mesh bags were harvested. These soil were analysed in Montana University, USA by two detection methods utilized to quantify Glomalin related soil protein (GRSP): Bradford protein assay, yielding Bradford reactive soil protein (BRSP), and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA: using the monoclonal antibody Mab32B11 developed against crushed spores of Glomus intraradices,yielding the immunoreactive soil protein. The amount of GRSP in the mesh bags was positively related to organic matter addition. Furthermore, GRSP content was positively correlated to NLFA 16:1ù5 as well as to PLFA 16:1ù5 and bacterial PLFAs .In contrast no correlation was found between spore number and neither fatty acids nor GRSP. Key words : Organic matters; Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Glomalin; Climate change; Green house gas. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v9i9.5524 SW 2011; 9(9): 82-85

scholarly journals Function of organic matter (green manure) and the effect on soil properties

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Geeta Shrestha Vaidya ◽  
K Shrestha ◽  
H Wallander
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Eupatorium Adenophorum ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Trees and shrubs on the lower hillsides in Nepal form symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and these fungi are important for the uptake of mineral nutrients from the soil and the mycelia formed by the fungi have an important function in stabilizing the soil (Wright and Upadhyaya 1998, Shrestha 1999 and Shrestha Vaidya et.al 2005a). The success of plantations of these eroded slopes is therefore highly dependent on the extent of mycorrhizal colonization of the plants. In this study we have investigated the role organic matter on growth of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in eroded slopes in Nepal such as Chalnakhel, Kathmandu District. Different types of organic matter (leaves of Thitonia diversifolia, Eupatorium adenophorum and Lantana camara) were collected and were shade dried and finally powedered. Nutrient analysis was done of these organic matter and soil of experimental site before plantation and after harvest. Lantana camara was taken for plantation on their nutrient content basis. 100 nursery plants Leuceania diversifolia plantation were done in Chalnakhel . Among these 50 plants with Lantana camara and 50 plants were for control. We investigated the influence of organic matter or P amendments on production of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in eroded slopes in Nepal. Organic matter addition enhanced the production of AM fungal biomass as well as number of AM spores. We suggest that the positive influence of such organic matter additions can make an important contribution to plant survival in plantations of eroded slopes in Nepal, and thus to restoration success. Key Words : Organic matters (Lantana camara), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Leuceania diversifolia and Chalnakhel. doi: 10.3126/banko.v17i2.2157 Banko Janakari, Vol. 17, No. 2, 62-69

scholarly journals Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Simulated Climate Changes by Reciprocal Translocation in Tibetan Plateau

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-493
Author(s):  
Zhaoyong SHI ◽  
Xubin YIN ◽  
Bede MICKAN ◽  
Fayuan WANG ◽  
Ying ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Reciprocal Translocation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Colonization Frequency

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi are considered as an important factor in predicting plants and ecosystem responses to climate changes on a global scale. The Tibetan Plateau is the highest region on Earth with abundant natural resources and one of the most sensitive region to climate changes. To evaluate the complex response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and spore density to climate changes, a reciprocal translocation experiment was employed in Tibetan Plateau. The reciprocal translocation of quadrats to AM colonization and spore density were dynamic. Mycorrhizal colonization frequency presented contrary changed trend with elevations of quadrat translocation. Colonization frequency reduced or increased in majority quadrats translocated from low to high or from high to low elevation. Responses of colonization intensity to translocation of quadrats were more sensitive than colonization frequency. Arbuscular colonization showed inconsistent trend in increased or decreased quadrat. Vesicle colonization decreased with changed of quadrat from low to high elevations. However, no significant trend was observed. Although spore density was dynamic with signs of decreasing or increasing in translocated quadrats, the majority enhanced and declined respectively in descent and ascent quadrat treatments. It is crucial to understand the interactions between AM fungi and prairie grasses to accurately predict effects of climate change on these diverse and sensitive ecosystems. This study provided an opportunity for understanding the effect of climate changes on AM fungi.

scholarly journals Biodiversity and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Araucaria angustifolia forest

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene Moreira ◽  
Dilmar Baretta ◽  
Siu Mui Tsai ◽  
Sandra Maria Gomes-da-Costa ◽  
Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Forest Sustainability ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index

Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. is an endangered Brazilian coniferous tree that has been almost exterminated in the native areas because of uncontrolled wood exploitation. This tree has been shown to be highly dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and, therefore, AMF may be essential for forest sustainability and biological diversity. Root colonization, density and diversity of AMF spores were assessed in two Araucaria forest stands at the State Park of Alto Ribeira (PETAR), at two sampling dates: May and October. A comparison was made between a mature native stand composed of Araucaria trees mixed into a variety of tropical trees and shrubs, without any sign of anthropogenic interference (FN) and an Araucaria stand planted in 1987 (R), which has been used as a pasture. Assessments included percent root colonization, AMF spore numbers and species richness, Simpson's dominance index (Is), and Shannon's diversity index (H). Mycorrhizal root colonization did not differ between ecosystems in May. In October, however, the native stand (FN) presented a higher colonization than the planted forest (R), and the root colonization was more intense than in May. When considering both sampling periods and forests, 27 species of AM fungi, with higher numbers of spores in FN than in R were found. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) indicated Shannon's diversity index as the ecological attribute that contributed the most to distinguish between forest ecosystems, with higher value of H in FN in relation to R. CDA showed to be a useful tool for the study of ecological attributes.

scholarly journals Detection of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Roots of Strawberry Plants Fertilized with Organic Bioproducts

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lisek ◽  
Lidia Sas Paszt ◽  
Beata Sumorok
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
The Impact

Summary In organic farming, mineral fertilizers are replaced by various preparations to stimulate plant growth and development. Introduction of new biopreparations into horticultural production requires an assessment of their effects on the growth and yielding of plants. Among the important indicators of the impact on plants of beneficial microorganisms contained in bioproducts is determination of their effectiveness in stimulating the growth and yielding of plants. Moreover, confirmation of the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the roots and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the rhizosphere is also necessary. In addition to conventional methods, molecular biology techniques are increasingly used to allow detection and identification of AM fungi in plant roots. The aim of this study was identification and initial taxonomic classification of AM fungi in the roots of ‘Elkat’ strawberry plants fertilized with various biopreparations using the technique of nested PCR. Tests were performed on DNA obtained from the roots of ‘Elkat’ strawberry plants: not fertilized, treated with 10 different biopreparations, or fertilized with NPK. Amplification of the large subunit of ribosomal gene (LSU rDNA) was carried out using universal primers, and then, in the nested PCR reaction, primers specific for the fungi of the genera Glomus, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora were used. Colonization of strawberry roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was determined on the basis of the presence of DNA fragments of a size corresponding to the types of the fungi tested for. As a result of the analyses, the most reaction products characterizing AM fungi were found in the roots of plants treated with the preparation Florovit Eko. The least fragments characteristic of AM fungi were detected in the roots of plants fertilized with NPK, which confirms the negative impact of mineral fertilizers on the occurrence of mycorrhizal fungi in the roots of strawberry plants. The roots of plants fertilized with Tytanit differed from the control plants by the presence of one of the clusters of fungi of the genus Glomus and by the absence of a cluster of fungi of the genus Scutellospora. In the roots of plants treated with other biopreparations there were reaction products indicating the presence of fungi of the genera Glomus, Scutellospora and Acaulospora, like in the roots of the control plants. The results will be used to assess the suitability of microbiologically enriched biopreparations in horticultural production.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Fungi and Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soibam Helena Devi ◽  
Ingudam Bhupenchandra ◽  
Soibam Sinyorita ◽  
S.K. Chongtham ◽  
E. Lamalakshmi Devi
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Assimilation

The 20thcentury witnessed an augmentation in agricultural production, mainly through the progress and use of pesticides, fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus, and developments in plant breeding and genetic skills. In the naturally existing ecology, rhizospheric soils have innumerable biological living beings to favor the plant development, nutrient assimilation, stress tolerance, disease deterrence, carbon seizing and others. These organisms include mycorrhizal fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, etc. which solubilize nutrients and assist the plants in up taking by roots. Amongst them, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have key importance in natural ecosystem, but high rate of chemical fertilizer in agricultural fields is diminishing its importance. The majority of the terrestrial plants form association with Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) or Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This symbiosis confers benefits directly to the host plant’s growth and development through the acquisition of Phosphorus (P) and other mineral nutrients from the soil by the AMF. They may also enhance the protection of plants against pathogens and increases the plant diversity. This is achieved by the growth of AMF mycelium within the host root (intra radical) and out into the soil (extra radical) beyond. Proper management of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi has the potential to improve the profitability and sustainability of agricultural systems. AM fungi are especially important for sustainable farming systems because AM fungi are efficient when nutrient availability is low and when nutrients are bound to organic matter and soil particles.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with shade trees and Coffea arabica L. in a coffee-based agroforestry system in Bonga, Southwestern Ethiopia

Afrika Focus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-131
Author(s):  
Tadesse Chanie Sewnet ◽  
Fassil Assefa Tuju
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Shade Tree ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cordia Africana

In a first step to understand the interactions between Colfea arabica L. trees and mycorrhizae in Ethiopia, an investigation of the current mycorrhizal colonization status of roots was undertaken. We sampled 14 shade tree species occurring in coffee populations in Bonga forest, Ethiopia. Milletia ferruginea, Schefflera abyssinica, Croton macrostachyus, Ficus vasta, F. sur, Albizia gummifera, Olea capensis, Cordia africana, Ehretia abyssinica, Pouteria adolfi-friederici, Pavetta oliveriana, Prunus africana, Phoenix reclinata and Polyscias fulva. Coffee trees sampled under each shade tree were all shown to be colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi). Four genera and 9 different species of AM fungi were found in the soils. Glomus (Sp1, Sp2, & Sp3 & Sp4), Scutellospora (Sp1 & Sp2) and Gigaspora (Sp1 & Sp2) were found under all 14 shade tree species, whereas Acaulospora (Sp1) occurred only in slightly acidic soils, within a pH range of 4.93-5.75. Generally, roots of the coffee trees were colonized by arbuscules to a greater degree than those of their shade trees, the arbuscular colonization percentage (AC%) of the former being higher than the latter (significant difference at 0.05 level). Though differences were not statistically significant, the overall hyphal colonization percentage (HC%) and mycorrhizal hyphal colonization percentage (MHC%) were shown to be slightly higher under coffee trees than under their shade trees. However, the differences were statistically significant at 0.05 level in the case of HC% values of coffee trees under Pouteria adolf-friederici and MHC% under Cordia africana. Spore density and all types of proportional root colonization parameters (HC%, MHC%, AC% and vesicular colonization percentage, VC%) for both coffee and shade trees were negatively and significantly correlated with organic soil carbon, total N, available P, EC and Zn. Correlation between arbuscular colonization for coffee (AC%) and organic carbon was not significantly positive at a 0.05 level. Incidence of specific spore morphotypes was also correlated with physical and chemical soil properties. Results indicate that AM fungi could potentially be important in aforestation and help to promote coffee production activities in Ethiopia providing an alternative to expensive chemical fertilizer use, and would offer management methods that take advantage of natural systems dynamics that could potentially preserve and enhance coffee production.

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