Viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease in six pet bird species: clinical response and virus-host interactions

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene Allan Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Response ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Host Interactions

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Diversity among Low-Virulence Newcastle Disease Viruses from Waterfowl and Shorebirds and Comparison of Genotype Distributions to Those of Poultry-Origin Isolates

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (22) ◽  
pp. 12641-12653 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mia Kim ◽  
Daniel J. King ◽  
Phillip E. Curry ◽  
David L. Suarez ◽  
David E. Swayne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Class I ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Death Time ◽  
Matrix Gene

ABSTRACT Low-virulence Newcastle disease viruses (loNDV) are frequently recovered from wild bird species, but little is known about their distribution, genetic diversity, or potential to cause disease in poultry. NDV isolates recovered from cloacal samples of apparently healthy waterfowl and shorebirds (WS) in the United States during 1986 to 2005 were examined for genomic diversity and their potential for virulence (n = 249). In addition 19 loNDV isolates from U.S. live bird markets (LBMs) were analyzed and found to be genetically distinct from NDV used in live vaccines but related to WS-origin NDV. Phylogenetic analysis of the fusion protein identified nine novel genotypes among the class I NDV, and new genomic subgroups were identified among genotypes I and II of the class II viruses. The WS-origin viruses exhibited broad genetic and antigenic diversity, and some WS genotypes displayed a closer phylogenetic relationship to LBM-origin NDV. All NDV were predicted to be lentogenic based upon sequencing of the fusion cleavage site, intracerebral pathogenicity index, or mean death time in embryo assays. The USDA real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay, which targets the matrix gene, identified nearly all of the class II NDV tested but failed to detect class I viruses from both LBM and WS. The close phylogenetic proximity of some WS and LBM loNDV suggests that viral transmission may occur among wild birds and poultry; however, these events may occur unnoticed due to the broad genetic diversity of loNDV, the lentogenic presentation in birds, and the limitations of current rapid diagnostic tools.

scholarly journals Autochthonous Transmission of West Nile Virus by a New Vector in Iran, Vector-Host Interaction Modeling and Virulence Gene Determinants

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1449
Author(s):  
Nariman Shahhosseini ◽  
Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Sadegh Chinikar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Dna Typing ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Lineage 2

Using molecular techniques and bioinformatics tools, we studied the vector-host interactions and the molecular epidemiology of West Nile virus (WNV) in western Iran. Mosquitoes were collected during 2017 and 2018. DNA typing assays were used to study vector-host interactions. Mosquitoes were screened by RT-PCR for the genomes of five virus families. WNV-positive samples were fully sequenced and evolutionary tree and molecular architecture were constructed by Geneious software and SWISS-MODEL workspace, respectively. A total of 5028 mosquito specimens were collected and identified. The most prevalent species was Culex (Cx.) pipiens complex (57.3%). Analysis of the blood-feeding preferences of blood-fed mosquitoes revealed six mammalian and one bird species as hosts. One mosquito pool containing non-blood-fed Cx. theileri and one blood-fed Culex pipiens pipiens (Cpp.) biotype pipiens were positive for WNV. A phylogram indicated that the obtained WNV sequences belonged to lineage 2, subclade 2 g. Several amino acid substitutions suspected as virulence markers were observed in the Iranian WNV strains. The three-dimensional structural homology model of the E-protein identified hot spot domains known to facilitate virus invasion and neurotropism. The recent detection of WNV lineage 2 in mosquitoes from several regions of Iran in consecutive years suggests that the virus is established in the country.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Newcastle Disease in Mexico and the Potential Spillover of Viruses from Poultry into Wild Bird Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (16) ◽  
pp. 4985-4992 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cardenas Garcia ◽  
R. Navarro Lopez ◽  
R. Morales ◽  
M. A. Olvera ◽  
M. A. Marquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Bird Species

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationship and genotype variation of six Newcastle disease viruses isolated from duck in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-284
Author(s):  
Naimah Putri ◽  
Rahaju Ernawati ◽  
Jola Rahmahani ◽  
Suwarno Suwarno ◽  
Fedik Abdul Rantam
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Cleavage Site ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Complete Fusion ◽  
Protein Cleavage ◽  
F Protein ◽  
Genotype Variation ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Primer Sets

Background and Aim: Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) are frequently acquired from all ages and types of bird species. In general, ducks are considered as potential reservoirs for different genotypes of NDV and are resistant even to velogenic NDV strains. This research was conducted to genotypically and phylogenetically characterize NDV isolates collected from unvaccinated ducks from Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 samples were collected through cloacal swabs and were inoculated in the allantoic sacs of 8-day-old specific pathogen-free eggs. Hemagglutination (HA) activity was analyzed through a HA test, and isolated viruses were characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction targeting the complete fusion (F)-gene of NDV using three primer sets. One primer set was specific for the F protein cleavage site sequences of velogenic, mesogenic, and lentogenic NDV strains. Results: The results demonstrated that three isolates (NDV/Duck/B104/19, NDV/Duck/B125/19, and NDV/Duck/ BK43/19) belonged to genotype VII and one (NDV/Duck/TD19/19) to genotype VI. Other isolates (NDV/Duck/A74/19 and NDV/Duck/M147/19) belonged to genotype II Class II. Based on the F protein cleavage site and the pathogenicity tests, two isolates (NDV/Duck/B104/19 and NDV/Duck/B125/19) were categorized as velogenic viruses and four (NDV/Duck/ BK43/19, NDV/Duck/TD19/19, NDV/Duck/A74/19, and NDV/Duck/M147/19) as lentogenic viruses. Conclusion: The results indicate that NDVs from unvaccinated ducks from Indonesia carry various genotypes and pathotypes of NDVs; therefore, these viruses are still circulating in the environment and might pose a risk of Newcastle disease outbreak.

scholarly journals Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein Promotes Viral Replication in HeLa Cells through the Activation of MEK/ERK Signaling

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhili Chu ◽  
Jiangang Ma ◽  
Caiying Wang ◽  
Kejia Lu ◽  
Xiaoqin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Erk Signaling ◽  
V Protein ◽  
Wide Range

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can infect a wide range of domestic and wild bird species. The non-structural V protein of NDV plays an important role in antagonizing innate host defenses to facilitate viral replication. However, there is a lack of knowledge related to the mechanisms through which the V protein regulates viral replication. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in the host is involved in a variety of functions and is activated by several stimuli, including viral replication. In this study, we show that both the lentogenic strain, La Sota, and the velogenic strain, F48E9, of NDV activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/ERK signaling pathway. The pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation using the highly selective inhibitors U0126 and SCH772984 resulted in the reduced levels of NDV RNA in cells and virus titers in the cell supernatant, which established an important role for the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in NDV replication. Moreover, the overexpression of the V protein in HeLa cells increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and induced the transcriptional changes in the genes downstream of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the V protein is involved in the ERK signaling pathway-mediated promotion of NDV replication and thus, can be investigated as a potential antiviral target.

scholarly journals Empirical analysis suggests continuous and homogeneous circulation of Newcastle disease virus in a wide range of wild bird species in Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 1292-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CAPPELLE ◽  
A. CARON ◽  
R. SERVAN De ALMEIDA ◽  
P. GIL ◽  
M. PEDRONO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Term Monitoring

SUMMARYNewcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important poultry diseases worldwide and can lead to annual losses of up to 80% of backyard chickens in Africa. All bird species are considered susceptible to ND virus (NDV) infection but little is known about the role that wild birds play in the epidemiology of the virus. We present a long-term monitoring of 9000 wild birds in four African countries. Overall, 3·06% of the birds were PCR-positive for NDV infection, with prevalence ranging from 0% to 10% depending on the season, the site and the species considered. Our study shows that ND is circulating continuously and homogeneously in a large range of wild bird species. Several genotypes of NDV circulate concurrently in different species and are phylogenetically closely related to strains circulating in local domestic poultry, suggesting that wild birds may play several roles in the epidemiology of different NDV strains in Africa. We recommend that any strategic plan aiming at controlling ND in Africa should take into account the potential role of the local wild bird community in the transmission of the disease.

scholarly journals Assessment of Potential Health and Genetic Impacts in Releasing Confiscated Paroaria coronata and Saltator similis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio E. F. Cruz ◽  
Gustavo R. Funkler ◽  
André L. S. Zani ◽  
Paulo G. C. Wagner ◽  
Luciano N. Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Significant Genetic Structure ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractIllegal capture and trade of wild birds has long been a threat to biodiversity. Translocation—the release of individuals from one location into another—is a useful conservation tool in the management of species. However, both health (such as different pathogens) and adaptive (such as local adaptation), differences among populations must be taken into account, as both can impact the recipient population negatively. Here, we provide health and genetic information to support release planning for two of the most trafficked Brazilian wild bird species (Paroaria coronata and Saltator similis). We focused on two fundamental questions: Are there significant differences in pathogen load between wild and captive populations? Is there significant genetic structure among populations? In total, 223 free-living birds were captured, sampled, and released at the same site. Devices and live decoys characteristics were top factors influencing captures. We tested blood, feces, and oropharyngeal swabs from free-ranging (n=101) and confiscated (n=92) birds for Newcastle disease virus, Salmonella spp., and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Genetic structure among populations was investigated using mtDNA in a subsample of these birds. We found no evidence for Newcastle disease virus and Salmonella spp. in seized and free-living birds from both species. However, seized P. coronata and S. similis may be potential sources of M. gallisepticum. We found significant but low genetic structure among populations occurring in different Biomes (ΦCT=0.26 for P. coronata; ΦCT=0.13 for S. similis) and no significant structure among populations occurring in the Pampa Biome. These results suggest that while it may be important to screen seized birds for avian pathogens, genetic structure among populations seems to be of lesser concern when planning the release of seized songbirds in the wild.

scholarly journals An Outbreak in Pigeons Caused by the Subgenotype VI.2.1.2 of Newcastle Disease Virus in Brazil

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2446
Author(s):  
Luciano M. Thomazelli ◽  
Juliana A. Sinhorini ◽  
Danielle B. L. Oliveira ◽  
Terezinha Knöbl ◽  
Tatiana C. M. Bosqueiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Virus Surveillance ◽  
Feral Pigeons ◽  
Zoonotic Risk

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can infect over 250 bird species with variable pathogenicity; it can also infect humans in rare cases. The present study investigated an outbreak in feral pigeons in São Paulo city, Brazil, in 2019. Affected birds displayed neurological signs, and hemorrhages were observed in different tissues. Histopathology changes with infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells were also found in the brain, kidney, proventriculus, heart, and spleen. NDV staining was detected by immunohistochemistry. Twenty-seven out of thirty-four tested samples (swabs and tissues) were positive for Newcastle disease virus by RT-qPCR test, targeting the M gene. One isolate, obtained from a pool of positive swab samples, was characterized by the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. This isolate had an ICPI of 0.99, confirming a virulent NDV strain. The monoclonal antibody 617/161, which recognizes a distinct epitope in pigeon NDV strains, inhibited the isolate with an HI titer of 512. A complete genome of NDV was obtained using next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete CDS F gene grouped the detected isolate with other viruses from subgenotype VI.2.1.2, class II, including one previously reported in Southern Brazil in 2014. This study reports a comprehensive characterization of the subgenotype VI.2.1.2, which seems to have been circulating in Brazilian urban areas since 2014. Due to the zoonotic risk of NDV, virus surveillance in feral pigeons should also be systematically performed in urban areas.

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