scholarly journals A contemporary life course approach to understanding recidivism: the impact of informal social control, agency and substance abuse on post-prison survival

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Thomas Berg
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Control Agency ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Contemporary Life ◽  
The Impact

Life after Life Imprisonment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Liem
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Life Imprisonment ◽  
Criminal Background Checks ◽  
Background Checks ◽  
Criminal Background ◽  
Widespread Availability

Chapter seven explores the initial impacts of re-entering a world these lifers left many years ago. The chapter highlights specific roadblocks to re-entry. These include the ‘felon label’, the implications stigma, labeling, and the widespread availability of criminal background checks. These factors prevent lifers from obtaining housing and employment. The chapter discusses how interviewees managed the stigma of being an ex-offender. Deriving indicators from life-course theories, the chapter further details how relationships with family, intimate partners and children influenced the interviewees over the years. By being in prison for decades, these lifers have been removed from structures that favor maturation and provide sources of informal social control, such as employment, intimate relationships, family relationships and parenthood. Prison, in this view, has disrupted their journey of going straight.

The Life Course of Baby Boomers

Hurt ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Boeri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Life Course Theory ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Problematic Drug ◽  
Social Controls ◽  
The Life Course

Life course theory focuses attention on the impact of history, timing, and important transitions in life trajectories. In this chapter, the life course analysis of boomer drug users reveals that drug trajectories were not developmental. Instead, they were discontinuous, interrupted phases dependent on social context and situations that changed over time. The chapter provides a closer inspection of the turning points into and out of drug use phases to better understand the causes of problematic drug use and what resources are needed to control it. In contrast to law enforcement and treatment professionals, who view problematic drug use as a lack of self-control, research finds that informal social control mechanisms are more important for maintaining or regaining control over drug use. Life course theory predicts that missing critical transitions in life, such as graduating from high school, leads to fewer informal social controls. The stories in this chapter reveal the negative impact of juvenile incarceration, which did not help anyone become drug free, but instead plunged youths into a criminal culture and broke their social bonds to mainstream social networks and access to informal social control mechanisms.

scholarly journals Risk, Resource, Redemption? The Parenting and Custodial Experiences of Young Offender Fathers

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linzi Ladlow ◽  
Bren Neale
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Professional Support ◽  
Young Offender ◽  
Tailored Intervention ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Young Fatherhood

Drawing on an ESRC funded qualitative longitudinal study of young fatherhood, this article explores the experiences of young offender fathers, the complex intersection of offender and fatherhood pathways for young men and the impact of professional support and tailored intervention programmes on these processes. The article challenges the axiom of young offender fathers as inherently ‘risky’, and suggests the utility of a dynamic, life course approach to criminal policy and practice that recognises the fluidity of their life journeys, and brings ideas of redemption more centrally into the picture.

scholarly journals Contribution of Design Indicators in Perception of Social Capital, and Interference of Socio-Demographic Information in the Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3589
Author(s):  
Akbar Rahimi ◽  
Mahsa Tarashkar ◽  
Banafshe Jahantab
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Contribution

Social capital is the effective contribution of social groups through providing a context for cooperation, sense of identity, and perception of social norms. Urban parks are important components of cities, helps building the social capital within urban societies. This study examines the social capital of important urban parks of Tehran, Iran, using three main criteria: informal social control, social cohesion, and social leverage. A stratified random sample of 330 users were selected and asked to rank the social capital criteria using a questionnaire involving five-point Likert scale questions. The results show mutual relationship between informal social control and social leverage (r = 0.62, α = 0.00), and also inter-relationship between design indicators and perceived social capital. People from lower age group and higher educational level show highest perception of social capital. Perceptual difference were observed between genders. Women experience higher esthetic perception (α = 0.00), security (α = 0.01), and accessibility (α = 0.03). The study, while proving the relationship between social indicators and design features, and the impact of personal characteristics on the perception of social capital, indicates social inequality in citizens’ equal benefit of social capital. Measures must be taken to increase social capital in society and solve the significant lower perceptions of some social capital indicators among specific groups.

scholarly journals The impact of parents’ fear of strangers and perceptions of informal social control on children's independent mobility

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Foster ◽  
Karen Villanueva ◽  
Lisa Wood ◽  
Hayley Christian ◽  
Billie Giles-Corti
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Independent Mobility ◽  
The Impact

Social Cohesion and Informal Social Control as Mediators Between Neighborhood Poverty and Child Maltreatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 107755952110075
Author(s):  
Kathryn Maguire-Jack ◽  
Susan Yoon ◽  
Sunghyun Hong
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Neighborhood Poverty ◽  
The Impact

Neighborhoods have profound impacts on children and families. Using structural equation modeling and data from 4,898 children in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, the current study examines the direct and indirect effects of neighborhood poverty on the likelihood of being maltreated at age 5. Two neighborhood social processes, social cohesion and informal social control, were examined as mediators. The study found that neighborhood poverty was indirectly related to physical assault and psychological aggression through its impact on social cohesion, and indirectly related to neglect through its impact on informal social control. The results highlight the need to reduce poverty across communities and increase social cohesion and social control as potential pathways for interrupting the impact of neighborhood poverty on maltreatment.

An Empirical Test of Age-Graded Informal Social Control Theory: New Correlates of Youth Deviance

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872096849
Author(s):  
Ali Unlu ◽  
Niyazi Ekici ◽  
Serkan Tasgin ◽  
Phillip Entzminger
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Social Control Theory ◽  
School Students

This study examines several family structural variables that have a hypothesized effect on delinquency, substance abuse, and violence. We conducted a survey for potential correlates of Sampson and Laub’s age-graded informal social control theory variables within the Turkish context. Our large sample size (31,272), drawn from high school students in Istanbul, Turkey, allowed us to test the effects of family settings on youth deviance by using various statistical tests and programs. Our findings indicate that juveniles exposed to parental substance abuse are more likely to use illegal substances, commit a greater number of delinquent acts, and participate in more instances of violent behavior. Additionally, family social capital, residential mobility, religiosity, and the number of siblings were some other statistically significant correlates of delinquency.

scholarly journals An exploration of the impact of younger-onset dementia on employment

Dementia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Evans
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Older People ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This study explored the emergence of dementia in people who were still working. A qualitative life course approach was used to describe the experience from the onset of dementia-related symptoms to the time when the person left the workforce. The emergence of dementia at work for the participants in this study took the form of a slow transition that initially was not noticed by co-workers. It brought about subtle changes as the person became forgetful, disorganised, made mistakes and was slower. Over time the person’s job performance continued to deteriorate and others at the workplace started to realise that there was a problem. Some were seen to be poor workers and so experienced difficulties with supervisors and co-workers. Others encountered difficulties managing changing relationships at work and negotiating the complex world of the workplace. Few were able to continue working beyond their diagnosis, and several raised concerns about the lack of opportunities for people who develop dementia while still employed. Given the greater participation of older people in the workforce, findings highlight the importance of identifying and supporting workers with declining cognitive function.

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