Insights in biology and physiology of bone and bone healing in critical-sized bone defects: A brief review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annisa Feby Canintika ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Arga Aldrian Oktafandi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Defects

scholarly journals Effect of platelet-rich plasma on implant bone defects in rabbits through the FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Ben Chen ◽  
Youyang Zheng ◽  
Yuehua Shi ◽  
Zhuojin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Healing ◽  
Bone Healing Process

AbstractPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to be a beneficial growth factor for bone tissue healing and is used in implantology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PRP on bone defects in rabbits. Twenty rabbits were used to establish the implant bone defect model in this study. An intrabony defect (5mm × 5mm × 3mm) was created in alveolar bone in the lower jar of each rabbit. The wound was treated with PRP. The expression of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGFBB) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and related phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT (protein kinase B) levels were measured by Western blot. The results show that PRP could significantly improve the bone healing process when compared with control, and 10% PRP could markedly increase fibroblast proliferation 48-h post treatment. PDGFBB was higher in the PRP group than that in the control group. PRP treatment also could elevate the phosphorylation of FAK and PI3K/AKT, although the inhibitor of PDGFR could reverse this trend. These results suggest that PRP treatment improves the bone healing process through the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway.

The Effects of Bone Chips Dehydrated with Solvent on Healing Bone Defects

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Dayi ◽  
M Aslan ◽  
G Şimşek ◽  
AB Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Bone Cortex ◽  
Healing Bone ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

The effect of bone chips dehydrated with solvent on the healing of bone defects was evaluated. Solvent-dehydrated spongiose bone chips were placed in experimentally formed cavities in the right back tibia of rabbits. After 10, 20 and 30 days, histopathological cross-sections from the bone grafts were examined microscopically for bone healing and formation of spongiose bone, cortex and bone marrow. Spongiose bone chips had a positive and accelerating influence on the healing of bone defects in the 10-day period after transplantation, but no significant differences were observed between the treated and control groups 20 and 30 days after transplantation.

scholarly journals Grafting for bone defects after curettage of benign bone tumor – Analysis of factors influencing the bone healing

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Kuei Wu ◽  
Cheng-Fong Chen ◽  
Chao-Ming Chen ◽  
Shang-Wen Tsai ◽  
Yu-Chi Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Tumor ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Benign Bone Tumor ◽  
Factors Influencing

Cell-Based Therapy by Implanted Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cells Improved Bone Healing of Large Bone Defects in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1565-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Seebach ◽  
Dirk Henrich ◽  
Alexander Schaible ◽  
Borna Relja ◽  
Manfred Jugold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Human Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Large Bone ◽  
Large Bone Defects

scholarly journals Preclinical studies on pleiotropic functions of erythropoietin on bone healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
R. Vasileva ◽  
Ts. Chaprazov
Keyword(s):  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Primary Interest ◽  
Glycoprotein Hormone ◽  
Angiogenic Potential ◽  
Femoral Head Osteonecrosis ◽  
Posterolateral Spinal Fusion ◽  
Pleiotropic Functions

Erythropoietin (ЕPО) is a glycoprotein hormone, mainly known for its haemopoietic function. For orthopaedics, its pleiotropic effects – osteogenic and angiogenic potential, are of primary interest. The exact mechanism of EPO action is still unclear. The effects of EPO on bone healing were investigated through experiments with rats, mice, rabbits and pigs. Each of used models for experimental bone defects (calvarial models, long bone segmental defects, posterolateral spinal fusion and corticosteroid-induced femoral head osteonecrosis) has specific advantages and flaws. Obtaining specific and correct results is largely dependent on the used model. The brief evaluation of models could serve for standardisation of preclinical studies on bone regeneration.

scholarly journals Adjuvant Drug-Assisted Bone Healing: Advances and Challenges in Drug Delivery Approaches

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Rothe ◽  
Sandra Hauser ◽  
Christin Neuber ◽  
Markus Laube ◽  
Sabine Schulze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Healing ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Stimulus Responsive ◽  
Implant Coatings ◽  
Carrier Systems

Bone defects of critical size after compound fractures, infections, or tumor resections are a challenge in treatment. Particularly, this applies to bone defects in patients with impaired bone healing due to frequently occurring metabolic diseases (above all diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis), chronic inflammation, and cancer. Adjuvant therapeutic agents such as recombinant growth factors, lipid mediators, antibiotics, antiphlogistics, and proangiogenics as well as other promising anti-resorptive and anabolic molecules contribute to improving bone healing in these disorders, especially when they are released in a targeted and controlled manner during crucial bone healing phases. In this regard, the development of smart biocompatible and biostable polymers such as implant coatings, scaffolds, or particle-based materials for drug release is crucial. Innovative chemical, physico- and biochemical approaches for controlled tailor-made degradation or the stimulus-responsive release of substances from these materials, and more, are advantageous. In this review, we discuss current developments, progress, but also pitfalls and setbacks of such approaches in supporting or controlling bone healing. The focus is on the critical evaluation of recent preclinical studies investigating different carrier systems, dual- or co-delivery systems as well as triggered- or targeted delivery systems for release of a panoply of drugs.

Clinical and radiological assessment of the induced membrane technique using beta-tricalcium phosphate in reconstructive surgery for lower extremity long bone defects

2021 ◽  
Vol 103-B (3) ◽  
pp. 456-461
Author(s):  
Gen Sasaki ◽  
Yoshinobu Watanabe ◽  
Youichi Yasui ◽  
Mari Nishizawa ◽  
Natsumi Saka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Defect Size ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Beta Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Membrane Technique ◽  
Induced Membrane Technique ◽  
Segmental Bone

Aims To clarify the effectiveness of the induced membrane technique (IMT) using beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) for reconstruction of segmental bone defects by evaluating clinical and radiological outcomes, and the effect of defect size and operated site on surgical outcomes. Methods A review of the medical records was conducted of consecutive 35 lower limbs (30 males and five females; median age 46 years (interquartile range (IQR) 40 to 61)) treated with IMT using β-TCP between 2014 and 2018. Lower Extremity Functional Score (LEFS) was examined preoperatively and at final follow-up to clarify patient-centered outcomes. Bone healing was assessed radiologically, and time from the second stage to bone healing was also evaluated. Patients were divided into ≥ 50 mm and < 50 mm defect groups and into femoral reconstruction, tibial reconstruction, and ankle arthrodesis groups. Results There were ten and 25 defects in the femur and tibia, respectively. Median LEFS improved significantly from 8 (IQR 1.5 to 19.3) preoperatively to 63.5 (IQR 57 to 73.3) at final follow-up (p < 0.001). Bone healing was achieved in all limbs, and median time from the second stage to bone healing was six months (IQR 5 to 10). Median time to bone healing, preoperative LEFS, or postoperative LEFS did not differ significantly between the defect size groups or among the treatment groups. Conclusion IMT using β-TCP provided satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes for segmental bone defects in the lower limbs; surgical outcomes were not influenced by bone defect size or operated part. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):456–461.

Evaluation of the Bone Healing Process Utilizing Platelet-Rich Plasma Activated by Thrombin and Calcium Chloride: A Histologic Study in Rabbit Calvaria

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Betoni-Junior ◽  
Paula Dechichi ◽  
Jônatas Caldeira Esteves ◽  
Darceny Zanetta-Barbosa ◽  
Aparecido Eurípedes Onório Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Histomorphometric Analysis ◽  
Histologic Study ◽  
Vascularized Bone

To evaluate the bone healing of defects filled with particulate bone graft in combination with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), added with a mixture of calcium chloride and thrombin or just calcium chloride. Two 5-mm bone defects were created in the calvaria of 24 rabbits. Each defect was filled with particulate bone graft and PRP. In one defect the PRP was activated by a mixture of calcium chloride and thrombin; in the other, PRP was activated by calcium chloride only. The animals were euthanized 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the surgeries, and the calvaria was submitted to histologic processing for histomorphometric analysis. The qualitative analysis has shown that both defects presented the same histologic characteristics so that a better organized, more mature, and well-vascularized bone tissue was noticed in the eighth week. A good bone repair was achieved using either the mixture of calcium chloride and thrombin or the calcium chloride alone as a restarting agent of the coagulation process.

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