scholarly journals Evaluation of forest road network and determining timber extraction system using GIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Çalişkan ◽  
Uzay Karahalil
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Extraction System ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Cable Crane ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Timber Extraction

Secondary forest road network planning and primary timber extraction systems play very important roles in sustainable forest management. The progression of forest areas in Turkey and the world towards mountains as well as the increase in working obligations have made timber extraction systems gain more importance. The forest areas found in mountainous lands with harsh slopes in Turkey makes timber extraction systems more problematic and more complex. The objective of this study is to develop a model for timber extraction systems using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis considering terrain morphology and secondary forest road network. Additionally the forest road network in Anbardağ forest planning unit of Giresun province in Turkey was investigated considering forest road density and forest road spacing. According to obtained results, the forest road length was 226.34 km, forest road density was 11.74 m/ha, forest road spacing was 851.7 m and road coverage was 51% of the study area. Chainsaw–small size cable crane (36.76%) and chainsaw–medium size cable crane (27.94%) were selected as the most suitable timber extraction systems for the steep terrain study area according to our model. They were followed by chainsaw–forest tractor (23.52%), chainsaw–agriculture tractor (10.29%) and chainsaw–sledge yarder (1.49%). The results of this study showed that GIS saved a considerable amount of labor force, time and cost for the evaluation of forest road network as well as the development model for timber extraction system.

scholarly journals Influence of existing secondary forest road network on the selection of timber extraction technologies at the tactical level of planning

2015 ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Kruno Lepoglavec ◽  
Tibor Pentek ◽  
Ivica Papa ◽  
Mario Sporcic ◽  
Matija Landekic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Road Network ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Timber Extraction

Planning is an intellectually demanding process that requires a conscious determination of actions and decisions based on related purpose, knowledge and right decisions. During planning timber harvesting it is very important to choose the best possible technology for timber extraction. The use of multi-criteria-decision-making models is a very good way of dealing with various forestry issues especially in terms of choosing the best applicable technology for timber extraction. Modern forest management in the Republic of Croatia in terms of timber harvesting mostly relies on ground based wheeled systems. The goal of this research is to show how the current way of planning timber harvesting (timber extraction) and accordingly the construction of secondary forest road network affects future planning and introduction of ?new? technologies for timber extraction i.e. forest cableway. Analysis of suitable forest stands for different timber extraction technologies s was carried out in the management unit Garjevica-Cazma with an area of 4380.20 ha. The paper presents multi-criteria-decision-making model for defining terrain suitable for ground based wheeled systems (skidder with a winch and forwarder) and forest cableway on the base of raster maps (grid of 20?20 m i.e. 0.04 ha). The criteria used to select different technologies for timber extraction were: terrain slope, distance from the forest road, distance from the skid road and harvesting density. Analysis using GIS tools in ArcGIS and Idrisi applications goes in two directions, first the analysis of suitability of using selected technologies for timber extraction using four criteria, and comparison with results of the analysis where the criterion ?distance from the skid road? has been excluded.

DESIGNING AN OPTIMAL FOREST ROAD NETWORK BY CONSIDERATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN GIS OPTIMALIŲ MIŠKO KELIŲ TINKLO PROJEKTAVIMAS ĮVERTINUS POVEIKĮ APLINKAI GIS PROGRAMA / ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ OПTИMAЛЬHOЙ CETИ ЛECHЫX ДOPOГ С УЧЕТОМ BOЗДEЙCTBИЯ HA OKPYЖAЮЩYЮ CPEДY, ОЦЕНЕННОГО С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ГИС

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ataollah Hosseini ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mazrae ◽  
Majid Lotfalian ◽  
Aidin Parsakhoo
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Road Verge ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Planning ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
Northern Forests ◽  
The Cost

Planning of forest road network is the most important issue for sustainable management of northern forests in Iran. This study represented a technical method of forest road planning by using GIS (Geographic Information Systems) in Vatan forestry plan of Golestan province, Iran. The aim of this study was to find out options for the optimization of skid trail length and for decreasing the negative effects of redundant skid trail length. Results of this study showed that the total length of forest road and the road network density was 36745 m and 8.68 m ha−1, respectively. 54% of the area was covered by these roads. 98.06 km skid trail was planned from road verge into the forest interior. The density of this skidding trail was 23.17 m ha−1. The suggested road network length measured using GIS was 47.23 km. Road density was 10.87 m ha−1, with 79% coverage. Skid trail length was 81.04 km, and skid trail density was 19.15 m ha−1. On the basis of GIS measurements, the skid trails on new road network system had shorter length and more frequency. This causes to decrease the cost of primary transportation. Moreover, in this plan the roads with suitable coverage passed from stable slopes. Santrauka Miško kelių tinklo planavimas – viena svarstomų problemų, siekiant užtikrinti tvarią miškotvarkos sistemą šiaurinėje Irano dalyje esančiuose miškuose. Šiame straipsnyje pristatomas miško kelių planavimo techninis metodas, taikant GIS (geografinės informacinės sistemos) programą ir naudojant Vatan miško, Golestan provincijoje, Irane, planus. Šio tyrimo tikslas – išsiaiškinti galimybes, kaip optimizuoti miško keliukų ilgį ir sumažinti neigiamą poveikį miškui, mažinant perteklinį šių keliukų trasos ilgį. Pirminiai rezultatai parodė, kad bendras esamų kelių ilgis siekia 36 745 km, kelių tinklas aprėpė 54% visos tiriamosios teritorijos, tankis siekė 8,68 m ha−1, o optimalus miško kelių tinklas buvo rengiamas pagal esamą 98,06 km ilgio miško keliukų tinklą, kurio tankis – 23,17 m ha−1. Bendras siūlomo kelių tinklo ilgis siekia 47,23 km, tankumas – 10,87 m ha−1, jis aprėpia 79% teritorijos. Miško keliukų ilgis – 81,04 km, tankumas – 19,15 m·ha−1. Remiantis GIS matavimais, naujo miško keliukų tinklo keliukai buvo trumpesni, tačiau jų tinklas tankesnis. Dėl šios priežasties mažėja pirminės transporto išlaidos ir sukuriama optimali miško keliukų aprėptis, pagerinamas prieinamumas. Резюме Планирование сети лесных дорог является одним из важнейших вопросов при создании упорядоченной системылесохозяйствования в северной части Ирана. В статье представлен технический метод планирования лесохозяйственной деятельности (прокладки дорог) с использованием ГИС и плана леса Ватан в провинции Гулистан Ирана. Целью исследования было выяснить возможности оптимизации длины лесных дорог и уменьшениянегативных последствий их избыточной длины. Результаты исследования показали, что общая протяженность существующих лесных дорог составляет 36 745 км, сеть дорог охватывает 54% всей исследованной территории,ее плотность – 8,68 м га−1. Оптимальная сеть лесных дорог создавалась на основании имеющейся сети лесных дорог, протяженность которой 98,06 км, плотность – 23,17 м гa−1. Протяженность предлагаемой сети дорог составит 47,23 км, плотность – 10,87 м гa−1, она охватит 79% территории. Длина лесных дорог составит 81,04 км, а плотность – 19,15 м·гa−1. На основании измерений, проведенных с использованием ГИС, длина дорог лесной сети стала короче, а сеть более густой. В связи с этим снижаются первичные затраты на транспорт, охват леснымидорогами становится более оптимальным, увеличивается доступность.

scholarly journals Technical assessment of forest road network using Backmund and surface distribution algorithm in a hardwood forest of Hyrcanian zone

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. e059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidin Parsakhoo
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Surface Distribution ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Geometrical Center ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Distribution Algorithms ◽  
Technical Assessment ◽  
Better Than

Aim of study: Corrected Backmund and Surface Distribution Algorithms (SDA) for analysis of forest road network are introduced and presented in this study. Research was carried out to compare road network performance between two districts in a hardwood forest.Area of study: Shast Kalateh forests, Iran. Materials and methods: In uncorrected Backmund algorithm, skidding distance was determined by calculating road density and spacing and then it was designed as Potential Area for Skidding Operations (PASO) in ArcGIS software. To correct this procedure, the skidding constraint areas were taken using GPS and then removed from PASO. In SDA, shortest perpendicular distance from geometrical center of timber compartments to road was measured at both districts. Main results: In corrected Backmund, forest openness in district I and II were 70.3% and 69.5%, respectively. Therefore, there was little difference in forest openness in the districts based on the uncorrected Backmund. In SDA, the mean distance from geometrical center of timber compartments to the roads of districts I and II were 199.45 and 149.31 meters, respectively. Forest road network distribution in district II was better than that of district I relating to SDA.Research highlights: It was concluded that uncorrected Backmund was not precise enough to assess forest road network, while corrected Backmund could exhibit a real PASO by removing skidding constraints. According to presented algorithms, forest road network performance in district II was better than district I.

scholarly journals DTM models to enhance planning of timber harvesting

2015 ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Djuka ◽  
Tomislav Porsinsky ◽  
Dinko Vusic
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Topographic Factors ◽  
Vehicle Mobility ◽  
Timber Extraction

This paper studies the applicability of DTM with the resolution of 4 ? 4 m for the analysis of macro-topographic factors (terrain slope, aspect, terrain ruggedness index) and one part of micro-topographic factors (occasional and constant streams) as features important for vehicle mobility during timber skidding. The analysis of directions of timber extraction in relation to the spatial position of primary forest traffic infrastructure of the study area was conducted in order to determine from which forest areas timber will be extracted up or down the slope (moving of loaded vehicle). Determination of water bodies (streams) and the surrounding sensitive areas was carried out using GIS tool TauDEM. Unevenness of the terrain was determined based on the Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI) which showed moderately to very rugged terrain on 60.1% of the research area where vehicle mobility could be difficult (if not impossible) i.e. the necessity of a secondary forest road network is clear. DTM analysis of study area regarding vehicle (skidder) mobility and possible planning of timber extraction indicated different availability and quality of data. Digital terrain models present a good basis for the analysis of key constraints for forestry vehicles mobility or terrain trafficability (slope and direction of timber extraction). Using DTM of higher resolution (e.g. LiDAR images), will increase the accuracy of the results and the quality of the analysis.

scholarly journals Calculating the correction factor of skidding distance based on forest road network

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lotfalian ◽  
E.H. Zadeh ◽  
S.A. Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Correction Factor ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Topographical Map ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gis Software

  Average skidding distance for forest stands is an important parameter for the determination of the optimum road density and spacing. In this research the real mean skidding distance and theoretical mean skidding distance were measured to calculate the correction factor of skidding distance for Chafrood forest in Hyrcanian zone. The length and azimuth of skid trails from road and depot junction to forest interior were measured. Moreover, the position of skid trail was recorded by GPS. These skid trails with a buffer of 140 m were designed on a topographical map using Arc GIS software. Results indicated that the road spacing of 500 m in the study area resulted in a theoretical mean skidding distance of 125 m. For a real mean skidding distance of 525.9 m and for the mean slope of 40%, the correction factor was estimated to be 4.2.

scholarly journals   Determination of correction coefficient of average skidding distance according to the existing road network in Alikia Soltan forest of Iran  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 475-478
Author(s):  
M. Rezaei ◽  
F. Shafizade ◽  
M.A. Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Hyrcanian Forest ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Average Slope

One of the factors in planning forest roads is average skidding distance which is calculated in projects from the map, according to forest road density, however it has a low accuracy. In this study real average skidding distance and theoretical average skidding distance were measured to determine a correction coefficient in Alikia Soltan forest in Hyrcanian forest. In this study real average skidding distance was obtained by putting a meter on the axes of trails. Moreover, theoretical average skidding distance was calculated by means of road density according to the formula. Skid trails were recorded by GPS and overlaid to a topographic map by means of ArcGIS software. Results indicated that for the study area with the average slope of 27% and road density of 10.32 the correction coefficient is 2.1.

Optimales Layout einer Walderschliessung

2016 ◽  
Vol 167 (5) ◽  
pp. 294-301
Author(s):  
Leo Bont
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Problem Situation ◽  
Optimal Layout ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Network Cost ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Short Time

Optimal layout of a forest road network The road network is the backbone of forest management. When creating or redesigning a forest road network, one important question is how to shape the layout, this means to fix the spatial arrangement and the dimensioning standard of the roads. We consider two kinds of layout problems. First, new forest road network in an area without any such development yet, and second, redesign of existing road network for actual requirements. For each problem situation, we will present a method that allows to detect automatically the optimal road and harvesting layout. The method aims to identify a road network that concurrently minimizes the harvesting cost, the road network cost (construction and maintenance) and the hauling cost over the entire life cycle. Ecological issues can be considered as well. The method will be presented and discussed with the help of two case studies. The main benefit of the application of optimization tools consists in an objective-based planning, which allows to check and compare different scenarios and objectives within a short time. The responses coming from the case study regions were highly positive: practitioners suggest to make those methods a standard practice and to further develop the prototype to a user-friendly expert software.

Agricultural Total Factor Productivity and Road Infrastructure in South American Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus C. R. Neves ◽  
Felipe De Figueiredo Silva ◽  
Carlos Otávio Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
South American ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Andean Countries

In this working paper, we estimate agricultural total factor productivity (Ag TFP) for South American countries over the period 19692016 and identify how road density affect technical efficiency. In 2015, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia, the Andean countries, had 205,000; 166,000; 96,000; 89,000; and 43,000 kilometers of roads, respectively. A poor-quality and limited road network, along with inaccessibility to markets, might limit the ability of farms to efficiently manage production inputs, raising technical inefficiency. We find that the Ag TFP growth rate per year for South American countries, on average, is 1.5%. For the Andean countries, we find an even smaller growth rate per year of 1.4% on average. Our findings suggest that higher road density is associated with lower technical inefficiency.

scholarly journals Planning of Forest Road Network in Palm Form Working System (I) : Establishment of Unit Block

10.5109/23872 ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Du-Song Cha ◽  
Morio Imada ◽  
Toshihiro Masutani ◽  
Yuui Sekiya
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Unit Block

scholarly journals Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram based Road Network Characteristics Identification and Simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 04051
Author(s):  
Yi Yu ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Xianglun Mo ◽  
Yao Yu ◽  
Mei liu
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Link Length ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
The Road ◽  
Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Flow Equilibrium ◽  
The Relationship

As an inherent property of the road network, macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) method can effectively describe the traffic status of the urban roads and identify the relationship among key factors, such as traffic flow and occupancy. Currently, using MFD is easily affected by various network inner factors including topology and road density, so in this paper we propose a method to identify inner characteristic of road network and do a series of comparisons under different scenarios with fixed traffic input circumstance. The differential impact of data collector setting locations are discussed with a aim to reveal the respective location setting suitable for various networks conditions in initial; then road topology and density are designed in road network and simulated MFD performances with flow equilibrium affections. It is shown as the dispersion decreasing of link length or road density of network, the network exhibits better operation efficiency so as to increase the output of link flow and the dissipative ability of the road network. Meanwhile, the equivalent of entrances and exits is proved as another important factor has same impact on MFD.

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