СТРУКТУРА РЕВОЛЮЦИЙ. ЧАСТЬ 1. КОНФЛИКТОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ И СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА РЕВОЛЮЦИЙ

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
B. A. Isaev
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Latent Stage ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
The Social ◽  
Revolutionary Situation ◽  
The Revolution

the article analyzes one of the most important features of the revolution — its structure. The author highlights several structures, but the main attention is focusing on the analysis of сonflictologycal, socio-political and stage-event structure of the revolution. In the first part of the article examines the сonflictologycal and socio-political structures of the revolution. Conflictologycal structure characterizes the revolution as a massive socio-political conflict. It may be static and dynamic nature. Static сonflictologycal structure of the revolution consists of five components: 1. several warring sides the revolutionary conflict; 2. instigators and accomplices of the revolution of radical parties and groups, as well as instigators from abroad; 3. intermediaries from the side, usually from other States or international organizations; 4. conflict situation or the causes and motives of the revolution; 5. the background of the conflict, that is, the state of society before and during the revolution. Dynamic conflictologycal structure of the revolution includes: 1. latent stage of the conflict or the revolutionary situation exists in a latent form; 2. open stage, where political upheaval has not yet occurred, but it already speak and write openly, that creates social tension and violence, which have yet to develop into mass violence; 3. political upheaval; 4. moderate reform of the revolutionary Government; 5. the coming to power of the radical revolutionaries and a revolutionary escalation of conflict; 6. settlement of the revolutionary conflict that occurs when the come to power moderate and pragmatic forces. The social structure of the revolution shows on which layers and classes towards revolution differentially society. The political structure shared political forces on revolutionary and counterrevolutionary camps consisting of parties, movements their military organizations, units of the army and police. Social and political components form a single socio-political structure of the revolution. Its structural features are the so-called «new» and «color» revolution.

СТРУКТУРА РЕВОЛЮЦИЙ. ЧАСТЬ 1. КОНФЛИКТОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ И СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА РЕВОЛЮЦИЙ

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
B. A. Isaev
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Latent Stage ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
The Social ◽  
Revolutionary Situation ◽  
The Revolution

the article analyzes one of the most important features of the revolution — its structure. The author highlights several structures, but the main attention is focusing on the analysis of сonflictologycal, socio-political and stage-event structure of the revolution. In the first part of the article examines the сonflictologycal and socio-political structures of the revolution. Conflictologycal structure characterizes the revolution as a massive socio-political conflict. It may be static and dynamic nature. Static сonflictologycal structure of the revolution consists of five components: 1. several warring sides the revolutionary conflict; 2. instigators and accomplices of the revolution of radical parties and groups, as well as instigators from abroad; 3. intermediaries from the side, usually from other States or international organizations; 4. conflict situation or the causes and motives of the revolution; 5. the background of the conflict, that is, the state of society before and during the revolution. Dynamic conflictologycal structure of the revolution includes: 1. latent stage of the conflict or the revolutionary situation exists in a latent form; 2. open stage, where political upheaval has not yet occurred, but it already speak and write openly, that creates social tension and violence, which have yet to develop into mass violence; 3. political upheaval; 4. moderate reform of the revolutionary Government; 5. the coming to power of the radical revolutionaries and a revolutionary escalation of conflict; 6. settlement of the revolutionary conflict that occurs when the come to power moderate and pragmatic forces. The social structure of the revolution shows on which layers and classes towards revolution differentially society. The political structure shared political forces on revolutionary and counterrevolutionary camps consisting of parties, movements their military organizations, units of the army and police. Social and political components form a single socio-political structure of the revolution. Its structural features are the so-called «new» and «color» revolution.

The Afterlives of the Terror

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronen Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
Reign Of Terror ◽  
Ordinary Citizens ◽  
The French Revolution ◽  
The Revolution

This book examines how those who lived through the Reign of Terror of the French Revolution struggled to come to terms with it. It shows that, contrary to claims that are made often in the literature, there were complicated, painful, and often honest debates about how to deal with the effects of mass violence on self and society after the Terror. Revolutionary leaders, relatives of victims, and ordinary citizens argued about how to hold those responsible for the violence accountable, how to offer some sort of relief to the victims, and how to commemorate this controversial episode in the politically charged climate of post-revolutionary France. Their solutions were not perfect, but their debates were innovative. The dilemmas that they struggled with, dilemmas around retribution, redress, and remembrance, derived from the democratizing impulses of the Revolution. Drawing on the concept of transitional justice and on the literature about the major traumas of the twentieth century, this book argues that the modern question of what to do with difficult pasts was born out of the social and political upheavals of the 18th century’s Age of Revolutions.

„We Don’t Learn Democracy in a Workshop!“

Sociologus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Judith Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Gender Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Politics And Gender ◽  
Innere Sicherheit ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Revolutionary Situation ◽  
The Revolution

Zusammenfassung Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der neuen Frauenbewegung in Benghazi, den Chancen und Grenzen, die sie in der gesellschaftlichen Neuorganisation des Landes erfährt, und wirft einen ethnographischen Blick auf den postrevolutionären Kontext und die Rolle der Frauen als Akteurinnen im Kontext politischer Umbrüche. Während bei der Revolution weibliche Unterstützung in vielen Bereichen genutzt wurde, sehen sich Frauen, die aktiv an der Revolution partizipierten, damit konfrontiert ihre Rolle als politische und religiöse Akteurinnen in der Öffentlichkeit wieder zu verlieren. Der bislang unvollendete institutionelle Umbau des politischen Systems in Libyen hat Rückwirkungen auf die innere Sicherheit. Vor allem Frauen sind von dem anhaltenden Sicherheitsvakuum betroffen. Die Grenzen zwischen Privatem und Öffentlichem erfahren eine Umdeutung und werden rigider gezogen. Diese stehen in direkter Verbindung mit einer religiös fundamentalistischen Interpretation von Geschlechterrollen. An das Bild der wahlweise verschleierten oder unverschleierten Frau werden konkrete politische Vorstellungen geknüpft. In dem Artikel wird daher der Verbindung von Politik und Geschlechterrollen nachgegangen. Schlagworte: Libyen, Revolution, Gender, Konflikt Abstract This article focuses on the new women’s movement in Benghazi, the opportunities and limitations it is facing, and addresses the post-revolutionary situation in Libya, specifically the social positions of women during this period of radical political change. While the revolution drew on the support and activities of women in a variety of different spheres, social barriers are currently being re-imposed, and women who actively participated in the revolution find themselves facing the possibility that they may once again loose their role as political and religious protagonists in the public realm. Women are affected by the ongoing violence and lack of security. The borders between the private and public realms are being reinterpreted and rigidly redrawn. Both this reinterpretation and the re-imposition of social barriers are directly related to an understanding of gender roles based on a fundamentalist interpretation of religion. This means that the image of a woman who may choose to go veiled or unveiled has become a political one, upon which distinct positions have been taken. The article investigates the degree to which a connection between politics and gender roles in Libya can be drawn. Keywords: Libya, revolution, gender, conflict

THE USE OF THE TRANSLATION METHOD IN MASTERING THE TERMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-95
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
English Language ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Classification ◽  
Optimal Methods ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problems Of Translation

The article is devoted to the role of Tourism terminology in linguistics and the issue of general classification, peculiarities in the expression and translation of terms related to tourism in English into Uzbek and Russian, as well as the choice of the most optimal methods for translating terms in accordance with the requirements of this professional sphere. The terminology of the English language tourism is distinguished by its brightness, versatility. Tourism terms are formed under the influence of a generalized lexical layer of language and perform a specific functional function.Tourism terms are formed through the affixation method (prefixation, suffixation, circumphixation) and get rich through the process.The terminology of English Tourism is distinguished by its content and structural features, forming a part of the language vocabulary from the linguistic point of view. Texts in the field of Tourism take into their composition concepts of Tourism and interpret them in their content. They will be mainly in the form of advertising, as well as enlighten information about a particular region or place, create informational precedents and ensure their manifestation in the social cultural presence. The relevance of the study of the problems of translation of terms in the field of tourism has been investigated, mainly due to the development of international relations, expansion of cooperation between local and foreign companies, as well as the increase in this area of communication.

Who Was This Man?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch Kachun
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Broad Context ◽  
Military Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Revolution

Chapter 1 introduces the broad context of the eighteenth-century Atlantic world in which Crispus Attucks lived, describes the events of the Boston Massacre, and assesses what we know about Attucks’s life. It also addresses some of the most widely known speculations and unsupported stories about Attucks’s life, experiences, and family. Much of what is assumed about Attucks today is drawn from a fictionalized juvenile biography from 1965, which was based largely on research in nineteenth-century sources. Attucks’s characterization as an unsavory outsider and a threat to the social order emerged during the soldiers’ trial. Subsequently, American Revolutionaries in Boston began the construction of a heroic Attucks as they used the memory of the massacre and all its victims to serve their own political agendas during the Revolution by portraying the victims as respectable, innocent citizens struck down by a tyrannical military power.

An Intimate Yet Anglo-Centric Account of a Renaissance Human Rights Man

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-134
Author(s):  
Dilek Kurban
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Legal Scholar ◽  
Minority Community ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social

In his well-researched biography, Mike Chinoy chronicles Kevin Boyle's life and career as a scholar, activist and lawyer, bringing to light his under-appreciated role in the civil rights movement in Northern Ireland and the efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict, as well as his contributions to human rights movements in the United Kingdom, Europe and the world. Are You With Me? is an important contribution to the literature on the actors who have shaped the norms, institutions and operations of human rights. In its efforts to shed light on one man, the book offers a fresh alternative to state-centric accounts of the origins of human rights. The book offers a portrait of a social movement actor turned legal scholar who used the law to contest the social inequalities against the minority community to which he belonged and to push for a solution to the underlying political conflict, as well as revelations of the complex power dynamics between human rights lawyers and the social movements they represent. In these respects Are You With Me? also provides valuable insights for socio-legal scholars, especially those focusing on legal mobilisation. At the same time the book could have provided a fuller and more complex biographical account had Chinoy been geographically and linguistically comprehensive in selecting his interviewees. The exclusion of Kurdish lawyers and human rights advocates is noticeable, particularly in light of the inclusion of Boyle's local partners in other contexts, such as South Africa.

Democracy and Dictatorship in the Cold War: the Two Germanies, 1949–1961

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew I. Port
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
German States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Second World

The ‘long 1950s’ was a decade of conspicuous contrasts: a time of dismantling and reconstruction, economic and political, as well as cultural and moral; a time of Americanization and Sovietization; a time of upheaval amid a desperate search for stability. But above all, it was a time for both forgetting and coming to terms with the recent past. This article focuses on the two forms of government that controlled Germany, democracy, and dictatorship. The Cold War was without doubt the main reason for the rapid rehabilitation and integration of the two German states, which more or less took place within a decade following the end of the Second World War. This article further elaborates upon the political conditions under dictatorship and its effect on the social life. East Germany, under the Soviet control underwent as much political upheaval. It was not until the second half of the twentieth century that Germany became a democracy.

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