Effectiveness Review of Hazardous Chemical Handling Facilities and Emergency Shutoff Valves - Focusing on Hydrogen Fluoride and Chlorine Gas

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Yong Ho Shin ◽  
Jung Nam Park ◽  
Gyu Sik Lee ◽  
Chung Rea Kim ◽  
Guy Sun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Fluoride ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Chlorine Gas

scholarly journals CFD Analysis of Indoor Chlorine Gas Dispersion Storage: Temperatures, Wind Velocities and Ventilation Effects Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
M. Safakar ◽  
S. Syafiie ◽  
R. Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Dense Gas ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Gas Dispersion ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Chlorine Gas ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Wind Velocities

The Chemical products factories encounter inherent environmental risks in the process. The indoor release of hazardous chemical gases that are heavier than the air is nowadays a special subject for scrutiny because the dense clouds of the gas have a tendency to insist on the ground level or near the human breath level, causing fatal injuries or other potential health threats to human beings. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT was employed in order to model the accidental indoor dispersion of a dense gas (chlorine) from a small undetected leak in an indoor industrial environment. Furthermore, the effects of different temperatures, wind velocities and ventilation on diffusion of chlorine are investigated in this paper. Results of the simulations represented that the chlorine gas dispersion would behave like the liquid and currents on the floor. It was also found that the chlorine concentration above the ground level increased slowly. Showing the effects of various temperatures and wind on spreading the dense gas will help to better identify the potential risks. In this research, the effects of the environmental situations with the release and spread of chlorine in the indoor space were meticulously investigated.

Sensing Materials for the Detection of Chlorine Gas in Embedded Piezoresistive Microcantilever Sensors

2009 ◽  
Vol 1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Porter ◽  
Tim Vail ◽  
Amanda Wooley ◽  
Richard Venedam
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Hydrogen Fluoride ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Microcantilever Sensors ◽  
Radio Transmitter ◽  
Hydrogel Matrix ◽  
Chlorine Gas ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Different Types

AbstractEmbedded piezoresistive microcantilever (EPM) sensors provide a small, simple and robust platform for the detection of many different types of analytes. These inexpensive sensors may be deployed in battery-powered handheld units, or interfaced to small, battery-powered radio transmitter-receivers (motes), for deployment in mesh networks of many sensors. Previously, we have demonstrated the use of EPM sensors in the detection of hydrogen fluoride gas, organophosphate nerve agents, volatile organic compounds (VOC’s), chlorinated hydrocarbons in water, and others. Here, we report on the design of EPM sensors functionalized for the detection of chlorine gas, or Cl2. We have constructed EPM sensors using composite materials consisting of a polymer or hydrogel matrix loaded with agents specific for the detection of Cl2 such as NaI. These materials were tested in both controlled laboratory conditions and in outdoor releases. Stability of the sensing materials under conditions of high temperature were also studied. Results are presented for gas exposures ranging from 1000 ppm to 20 ppm.

scholarly journals Emergency Evacuation Plan for Hazardous Chemicals Leakage Accidents Using GIS-based Risk Analysis Techniques in South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byungtae Yoo ◽  
Sang D. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Chlorine Gas ◽  
Evacuation Plan

Despite improvements in chemical safety management systems, incidents involving the release of hazardous chemicals continue to happen. In some cases, they result in the evacuation of residents. For hazardous chemical release accidents, an evacuation plan needs to be selective enough to consider both the indoor and outdoor concentrations of nearby buildings and the time in which the maximum allowable concentration may occur. In this study, a real-time risk analysis tool was developed based on the geographic information system (GIS) in order to establish the emergency response and risk communication plan for effectively assisting decision-making personnel. A selective evacuation plan was also established by a proposed assessment module considering the indoor/outdoor pollution concentration of buildings and the release duration time of chlorine gas leakage. The GIS-based simulated modules were performed based on eleven buildings of Ulsan city, located near an industrial cluster and home to a high population density. As a result of the simulated real-time risk assessment, only four buildings were affected by chlorine gas concentration according to wind direction and diffusion time. In addition, it was considered effective to establish an indoor/outdoor evacuation plan as opposed to an outdoor evacuation plan which is outside the range of the damage. Subsequently, an emergency evacuation plan was established with the concentration of a hazardous chemical according to the decision-making matrix. This study can enlighten the real-time emergency risk assessment based on GIS while effectively supporting the emergency action plans in response to the release of hazardous chemicals in clustered plants and the community.

PEMANFAATAN KARBON AKTIF UNTUK MENGURANGI CEMARAN FORMALIN PADA IKAN ASIN JAMBAL ROTI

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erma Ayu Nurcahyani ◽  
Merkuria Karyantina ◽  
Nanik Suhartatik
Keyword(s):  
Active Carbon ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Salted Fish ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
The People ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Chemical Material

Ikan asin adalah metode untuk pengawetan makanan menggunakan kombinasi penggaraman dan pengeringan matahari. Di kalangan masyarakat, pembuatan ikan asin banyak menggunakan bahan kimia berbahaya seperti formalin. Penambahan bahan berbahaya mempengaruhi kualitas terutama keamanan. Makanan yang aman didefinisikan sebagai makanan yang terbebas dari cemaran biologi, kimia, mikrobiologi, yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan. Karbon aktif diduga bersifat polar yang mampu mengadsorpsi formalin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian karbon aktif dalam mengurangi cemaran formalin pada “jambal roti”. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan untuk percobaan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 2 faktorial, dengan faktor pertama yaitu konsentrasi karbon aktif 0, 3, dan 6% serta perlakuan kedua yaitu lama perebusan selama 5, 10, dan 15 menit. Penelitian ini dimulai dari pembuatan “jambal roti” dengan penambahan formalin dan perebusan dengan karbon aktif kemudian dianalisis uji kadar formalin, NaCl, protein, dan air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi karbon aktif dan lama perebusan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada kualitas jambal roti. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi karbon aktif dan lama perebusan maka semakin berkurangnya kadar formalin pada jambal roti. Hasil terbaik penelitian ini adalah karbon aktif 6% dan lama perebusan 15 menit. Menghasilkan formalin 3.21 ppm, NaCl 9.40%, protein 42.00%, dan air 30.02%. Kata kunci: Karbon Aktif, Formalin, Jambal Roti, Lama Perebusan. ABSTRACT                 Salted fish was a method for food preservation using combination of salting and sun drying. Among the people, the manufacture of salted fish use hazardous chemical material such as formaldehyde. The addition of hazardous substances affects the quality especially the safety. Safe food define as food that free from biological, chemical, microbiological contaminants that can affect health. Active carbon suspected to be polar which able to adsorb formaldehyde. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of active carbon in reducing formaldehyde in salted fish “jambal roti”. The research used completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors, the first factor was the concentration of active carbon 0, 3, and 6% and the second was the boiling time (for 5, 10, and 15 min). This research was started from making “jambal roti” with the addition of formaldehyde and boiling with active carbon then analyzed for formaldehyde content, NaCl, protein, and moisture. The result showed that the concentration of active carbon and boiling time had a significant effect in quality salted fish “jambal roti”. The higher the concentration of active carbon and boiling time the more formaldehyde in “jambal roti” were removed. The best results of the research was 6% active carbon and 15 min of boiling time. Resulting 3.21 ppm of formaldehyde, 9.40% of NaCl, 42.00% of protein, and 30.02% of moisture. Keywords: Active Carbon, Formaldehyde, Jambal Roti, Boiling Time

DURICHLOR 51M

Alloy Digest ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Silicon Iron ◽  
Chlorine Gas ◽  
High Silicon

Abstract Durichlor 51M is a high silicon iron for corrosive services, especially in the handling of hydrochloric acid in all concentrations. It is also very resistant to most chlorine gas and many destructive chloride-containing solutions. The alloy is treated at melting by argon ladle degassing. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, tensile properties, and compressive strength. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as machining and joining. Filing Code: FE-109. Producer or source: The Duriron Company Inc.

DURICHLOR 51 SUPERCHLOR

Alloy Digest ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Silicon Iron ◽  
Chlorine Gas ◽  
High Silicon

Abstract DURICHLOR 51 SUPERCHLOR is a vacuum treated high silicon iron for corrosive services, especially in the handling of hydrochloric acid in all concentrations. It is also very resistant to most chlorine gas and many destructive chloride-containing solutions. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, tensile properties, and compressive strength. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as machining and joining. Filing Code: FE-98. Producer or source: The Duriron Company Inc.

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