IMPLEMENTACJA WYBRANYCH ZASAD BEZPIECZEŃSTWA JĄDROWEGO I OCHRONY RADIOLOGICZNEJ MIĘDZYNARODOWEJ AGENCJI ENERGII ATOMOWEJ W POLSKIM PRAWIE ATOMOWYM

2021 ◽  
pp. 331-353
Author(s):  
Łukasz Młynarkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Nuclear Safety ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Substantive Content ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Harmful Effects

The subject of this study is the analysis of three selected fundamental principles of nuclear safety and radiation protection based upon the Polish and international nuclear law. In this article, the author characterises the substantive content, the normative meaning, as well as the legal basis of the legal measures implementing: the principle of prime responsibility for safety, the principle of role of government in the context of nuclear framework for safety, and lastly, the principle of leadership and management for safety. The interpretation and conceptual meaning of presented principles refer to the Fundamental Safety Principles, adopted by the International Atomic Energy Agency. On the basis of co-operation and voluntary harmonisation, the IAEA has formulated ten safety principles in order to achieve a fundamental safety objective, which is the protection of people and the environment from harmful effects of ionising radiation. Moreover, the national strategy and policy for the development of nuclear safety and radiological protection, as referred to in Article 39p of the Act of 29 November 2000 on Atomic Law1, requires, inter alia, the establishment of the principles of nuclear safety and radiation protection. Consequently, the relation between the Fundamental Safety Principles and the aforementioned strategy, as well as the importance of the principles observed in processes of establishing and applying provisions of Polish nuclear law are also analysed in this study.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT ON POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-650
Author(s):  
Rabiul Islam ◽  
Salwani Arbak ◽  
Mohd Hasanur Raihan Joarder
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Intervention ◽  
The Government ◽  
Global Exchange ◽  
Basic Position

Purpose of the study: The aim of this study is to discuss the role of government on politics and trade. Political economy brings the production and exchange of goods and services that are parallel with the country’s law. The government plays a massive role because if it is not effective then the trade profitability will be decreased. Thus, political intervention is needed to protect the development of economy, sovereignty, and citizens of the state. Methodology: The data for this study were obtained from existing literatures on the role of government on politics and international trade. The methodology relied heavily on existing literatures on the subject being dealt with. Result: Political economy on international trade enables the cheap production and import of goods and services in the country. This is because international trade does not limit to commodities as they are produced by only some countries. Finally, political economy can be surveyed by comprehensively gathering political aspects, such as national policies and their administration, and this will take a basic position on the existing and ideal financial models, organizations, and related policies which are being formulated by micro- and macro-economic agendas. Implication: The interest for the political economy of trade arrangement is the complementary impact of global exchange on local and worldwide legislative issues.

scholarly journals Reviewing the State-of-the-Art of Smart Cities in Portugal: Evidence Based on Content Analysis of a Portuguese Magazine

Publications ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Diogo Correia ◽  
Leonor Teixeira ◽  
João Lourenço Marques
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject

The lack of examples of smart-city initiatives and the sharing of best practices in Portugal confirm the gap in the transference of empirical knowledge to the scientific literature in this area. The smart-city concept has passed through three stages. However, its evolution has not been noted equally throughout countries and their territories. The literature only provides information about specific projects implemented in a few cities. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to study the state-of-the-art of smart cities in Portugal by analyzing 25 editions of the most relevant national-wide smart-cities magazine. First, the objective of analyzing the magazine was to study each Portuguese city in terms of the subject areas and types of existing initiatives in order, ultimately, to frame cities within their respective smart-city phases, as per the literature. Second, the aim of the paper was also to provide information about the evolution of the concept through analyses of embedded experts’ quotes. The results of the first are complemented with the analysis of interviews with policymakers to provide information about the existing challenges to implementing a smart city and to understand the role of government therein. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on the case study. The findings suggest that the three smart-city phases are perceived in slightly different ways in Portugal and heterogeneity within the country can be noted from the lack of strategies and a standard framework.

Experience in implementing ICRP recommendations: IRPA's perspective on the role of the radiation protection professional

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
K.R. Kase
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
International Congress ◽  
International Commission ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
The Future ◽  
International Body

The International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) has a membership of approximately 17,000 individuals who are members of 48 national societies in 60 countries worldwide. As such, IRPA's vision is to be recognised as the international voice of the radiation protection professional. This article will discuss elements of the outcome of the 12th International Congress of IRPA (‘Focus on the future’), objectives and current activities of IRPA, criteria and priorities for the engagement of IRPA with international organisations, current IRPA initiatives in the areas of radiation protection culture and certification/qualification of radiation protection experts, planning for the 13th International Congress of IRPA, comments on the implementation of recent recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), and suggestions about IRPA and ICRP collaboration in their implementation. IRPA recognises that ICRP is the international body to determine policy and to make recommendations for protection against ionising radiation, and IRPA is in a position to participate in and facilitate the implementation of those recommendations.

scholarly journals From Fundamental Science to Product: A Bottom-up Approach to Sunscreen Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natércia d.N. Rodrigues ◽  
Vasilios G. Stavros
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Exciting Field ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Harmful Effects

Despite the pivotal role of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sustaining life on Earth, overexposure to this type of radiation can have catastrophic effects, such as skin cancer. Sunscreens, the most common form of artificial protection against such harmful effects, absorb UV radiation before it reaches vulnerable skin cells. Absorption of UV radiation prompts ultrafast molecular events in sunscreen molecules which, ideally, would allow for fast and safe dissipation of the excess energy. However, our knowledge of these mechanisms remains limited. In this article, we will review recent advances in the field of ultrafast photodynamics (light induced molecular processes occurring within femtoseconds, fs, 10−15 s to picoseconds, ps, 10−12 s) of sunscreens. We follow a bottom-up approach to common sunscreen active ingredients, analysing any emerging trends from the current literature on the subject. Moreover, we will identify the main questions that remain unanswered, pinpoint some of the main challenges and finally comment on the outlook of this exciting field of research.

Radiation Safety

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M. Maddy ◽  
Kevin Abnet ◽  
Geoffrey Scriver ◽  
Mrinal Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
Anesthesia Practice ◽  
Dose Limits ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

Exposure to ionizing radiation is increasing in modern anesthesia practice, due to both the number of procedures facilitated and the expanding role of imaging in surgical practice. International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommends that physicians who assist with radiation procedures be educated on the basics of radiation including units, effects of radiation exposure, and radiation protection for both providers and patients. This chapter will mirror the recommendations of the ICRP and include an introduction to radiation production, terminology, units, effects on the human body, dose limits, best practices for radiation protection, and safety infrastructure.

‘It's one of those scary areas’: Leadership and management of music in primary schools

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Beauchamp ◽  
Janet Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Tentative Conclusion ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Type Of School

The role of the subject leader, or co-ordinator, in the primary school has evolved considerably over recent years. Ultimately, responsibility for individual subjects remains with the headteacher and governors, but much work has been increasingly devolved, at least theoretically, to subject leaders. In this role they need to demonstrate the ability to be both leaders and managers. Whilst some aspects of leadership and management are generic, others may be specific to the subject and type of school. Through interviews with three subject leaders in schools where music is judged to be successful, this article examines their roles from a leadership and management perspective within the context of the existing primary school (3–11 years) structure. The tentative conclusion is that music is different and may need special considerations in equipping subject leaders to work effectively within this type of school.

scholarly journals Russian Cinema and its Role in Identity Formation in Schoolchildren

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Pesina
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Expansion ◽  
Russian Cinema ◽  
Changing Role

The paper focuses on the process of educational space expansion and the inclusion of new elements into it. School has been steadily losing its positions as the main educational institution. The paper explores the changing role of cinema in educational process, and its transformation from an alternative tool for visualizing and explaining the subject to an independent institution. The role of cinema in the formation of identity is defined. The paper includes the analysis of production of children’s feature and animation films in Russia. A special focus is on Russian national films and the role of government in their production and quality control.

Location competitiveness in specific pioneering theories: a condensed overview

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiano Lepori
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Factors

Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide with a condensed overview of location competitiveness from the perspectives of specific pioneering theories to highlight the main factors, which lay the foundations for latter theories specifically dedicated to location-bound advantages, to specialization processes and, in fine, to location competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach The study is divided into five major sections. First, location competitiveness is tackled from Smith’s frame of reference in the theory of absolute advantages. Second, Ricardo’s comparative advantages are scrutinized and specific complementary findings to Smith are highlighted. Third, Marshall’s industrial districts are investigated, as they constitute the linchpin of numerous latter approaches on location competitiveness. Fourth, the Keynesian perspective is considered as far as the role of government on location competitiveness is concerned. Fifth, endogenous growth theories are considered as they relate to capital, innovation and knowledge, which are factors intrinsically associated with agglomeration patterns and to location competitiveness. Findings The main finding of this literature review suggests that pioneering theories also identify location competitiveness as having a fundamental influence on firms’ ability to prosper in terms of wealth creation and of competitive advantages and vice versa. Originality/value The originality of this study is to investigate seminal authors from the perspective of location competitiveness and to highlight how numerous later researches dedicated to the subject are indeed based on pioneering theories. On this basis, it is subsequently possible to capture location competitiveness and to implement relevant policy measures to improve economic prosperity.

scholarly journals TANTANGAN BERAT REGENERASI PETANI BALI DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN SUBAK SEBAGAI WARISAN BUDAYA DUNIA

AGRICA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Dwipradnyana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
Cultural World ◽  
Harmful Effects

Heavy Challenge of Bali Farmers Regeneration in Supporting Subak as Worldwide Cultural World. The problem facing Indonesian agriculture is the regeneration of farmers. Regeneration is important because based on data from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) the number of farming business households experienced a drastic decrease that originally in the 2003 agricultural census amounted to 492,394 households in 2013 decreased to 408,233 households or decreased by 84,161 household. This will be a serious problem in maintaining the subak system that became world heritage because without regeneration of farmers by themselves the subak system will die. The regeneration of farmers has become a serious concern, the regeneration problem of this farmer looks mediocre, does not look important, does not have drastic impact, but one day will bring harmful effects in the community, especially for the sustainability of Subak in Bali. The challenge faced by regenerating farmers is that the agricultural sector is less competitive with the tourism sector, the risk of high failure in agriculture, the younger generation considers other sectors more economically and government favoring factors that are considered faster spur economic growth. Suggestions that can be given is the role of government should be enhanced by integrating tourism with agriculture so that there is a mutually beneficial relationship, multiply training and technology development and provide agribusiness terminals to facilitate farmers to market their agricultural products there is certainty for farmers where selling and the existence of price certainty

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