Leg Dominance and OSB12 Kick Start Performance in Young Competitive Swimmers

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in starting and kick-plate positions, pointing to an effect on kick-start performance with the dominant and non-dominant feet placed on the front edge of the OSB12 starting block. The sample included 20 female competitive swimmers whose average age was 16.1 ± 0.6 years. To assess swimmers’ lower body explosive strength and determine leg dominance, a triple hop distance test was administered. We determined the swimmers’ preferred starting position on a starting block in terms of the kick-plate setting and body position on the starting block. The results of our study demonstrate the importance of leg dominance and positioning on the OSB12 starting block. After the preferred starting position was determined, the optimal position for the kick start was selected. When the dominant leg was placed on the front edge of the starting block (p < 0.05; Cohen’s d—large effect), swimmers produced shorter block times and times to 2 and 5 m. For most of the tested swimmers, the optimal basic position on the starting block included neutral- and rear-weighted positions with the kick plate set to positions 3–4 and the right leg placed on the front edge of the OSB12 starting block.

Towards plain packaging: New Zealand's way forward in the regulation of tobacco products

<p>The New Zealand Government has indicated its intention to legislate for the plain packaging of tobacco products. This paper considers what path New Zealand should take in implementing its own plain packaging regime. Consideration of New Zealand’s particular interests is necessary in determining what constitutes the most appropriate approach to plain packaging for New Zealand. Whether these interests would be best represented through a policy of alignment with Australia or by implementing an alternative approach to plain packaging should inform the way in which the New Zealand Government proceeds with plain packaging. This paper considers alignment with Australia to be the most effective way to address the public health concerns presented by tobacco products and recommends that plain packaging is implemented in alignment with Australia’s plain packaging regime. However, this paper also recognises that a policy of alignment gives rise to certain risks and seeks to demonstrate that there are ways in which these risks may be reduced. New Zealand should consider the implementation of certain measures to reduce the risk of investment arbitration as well as the possibility of variations on the basic position of alignment in order to reduce the risk of WTO claims against plain packaging.</p>

Towards plain packaging: New Zealand's way forward in the regulation of tobacco products

<p>The New Zealand Government has indicated its intention to legislate for the plain packaging of tobacco products. This paper considers what path New Zealand should take in implementing its own plain packaging regime. Consideration of New Zealand’s particular interests is necessary in determining what constitutes the most appropriate approach to plain packaging for New Zealand. Whether these interests would be best represented through a policy of alignment with Australia or by implementing an alternative approach to plain packaging should inform the way in which the New Zealand Government proceeds with plain packaging. This paper considers alignment with Australia to be the most effective way to address the public health concerns presented by tobacco products and recommends that plain packaging is implemented in alignment with Australia’s plain packaging regime. However, this paper also recognises that a policy of alignment gives rise to certain risks and seeks to demonstrate that there are ways in which these risks may be reduced. New Zealand should consider the implementation of certain measures to reduce the risk of investment arbitration as well as the possibility of variations on the basic position of alignment in order to reduce the risk of WTO claims against plain packaging.</p>

Pendidikan Aqidah, Ibadah, Akhlak untuk Anak Usia Dini di PAUD Tunas Bangsa, Taam Aisyah Miftahul Khoir, Pos PAUD Ar Rahcmat, TK Islam Kreatif Muhammadiyah Cianjur

Religious education is the main of education that is needed for children, where it directly affects the behavior and development of children. Early childhood is a newborn child up to the age of 6 years. The values ​​of aqeedah, worship and morality include three aspects, including: the value of aqeedah, the value that places faith in the most basic position, the value of worship where worship is introduced early to grow into obedient humans, moral values ​​which include modesty and orderliness manners. The analysis was carried out on 4 schools, namely TK Paud Tunas Bangsa, TAAM Aisyah Miftahul Khaer, Pos Paud Ar Rachmat, and Islam Kreatif Muhammadiyah Cianjur. The analysis was carried out by descriptive qualitative research method. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the learning objectives of aqeedah to facilitate the growth and development of children optimally and thoroughly in accordance with the norms and values ​​of life adopted. Learning worship aims to foster awareness in children that human beings created by Allah must serve Allah. The aim of moral learning is to train and get children into good behavior. Abstrak. Pendidikan agama merupakan pendidikan utama yang sangat dibutuhkan bagi anak, dimana hal tersebut secara langsung berpengaruh terhadap perilaku dan perkembangan anak. Anak usia dini adalah anak yang baru dilahirkan sampai usia 6 tahun. Nilai aqidah, ibadah dan akhlak mencakup tiga aspek, diantaranya: nilai aqidah, nilai yang menempatkan iman pada posisi yang paling dasar, nilai ibadah dimana tata peribadahan dikenalkan sejak dini agar tumbuh menjadi manusia yang taat, nilai akhlak dimana mencakup nilai-nilai kesopanan dan tata krama. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 4 sekolah yaitu TK Pos Paud Tunas Bangsa, TAAM Aisyah Miftahul Khaer, Pos Paud Ar Rachmat, dan TK Islam Kreatif Muhammadiyah Cianjur. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa tujuan pembelajaran aqidah untuk memfasilitasi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak secara optimal dan menyeluruh sesuai dengan norma-norma dan nilai-nilai kehidupan yang dianut. Pembelajaran ibadah bertujuan menumbuhkan kesadaran pada anak bahwa manusia yang diciptakan Allah wajib mengabdi kepada Allah. Tujuan pembelajaran Akhlak untuk melatih dan membiasakan anak bersikap baik.

The financialisation of the fishing industry

Successive technical and organizational innovations have modelled the current structure and composition of the fishing industry. The market structure varies considerably between countries and the fish species they catch. There is a generalised global convergence towards an industrial-outsourced model, in which companies occupy a central and basic position in economic strategies. Two predominant key trends are identified: financialisation and the monopolisation of fishing areas. This paper begins with an analysis of the fishing sector from the perspective of the presence of investment funds that hold stakes in companies specialising in a principal region of Europe.

Teaching physiology to students of medical psychology faculty in medical university

The article discusses the features of teaching physiology to students medical universities specializing in "Medical Psychology". From a future doctor - a medical psychologist is needed solid theoretical training in one of the most difficult areas of medicine - neurology and psychiatry. It is with the second year, in physiology lessons, the development of theoretical material begins and the foundations of clinical thinking is necessary already in senior courses, on an internship for successful mastering of knowledge. Medical psychology studies the psychological aspects of a doctor's activities and patient behavior. He studies the mental manifestations of diseases, the role of the psyche in their emergence, course, treatment, as well as in strengthening human health. Relevance of scientific research. The links between psychology and medicine are so close that for psychologists working in this field, medical knowledge is absolutely essential. At the same time, doctors are increasingly aware of the need for psychological knowledge for successful medical work. So, medical psychology is an area of ​​scientific knowledge and an area practical work, which applies equally to medicine and psychology. When developing problemsmedical psychology combines the efforts of psychologists, physiologists and doctors. Relevance of medical psychology is determined by the basic position of medicine that the doctor should treat not the disease, but the patient. Conclusions. Special attention to the teachers of the department is paid to the development of practical skills for solving situational problems, the acquisition skills of checking reflex activity, measuring reflex time. Solving situational problems poses a problem for the future doctor, to teach the student to think clinically and at the same time gives excellent theoretical training.

From Female Daoist Rationality to Kundao Practice

By presenting Cao Wenyi (1039–1119), a female Daoist in the Song dynasty, and Kundao Academy 坤道学院, a training center for female Daoists in contemporary China, this essay challenges Max Weber’s description of Daoism. This analysis criticizes two aspects of Weber’s basic position on Daoism, namely, his claims that it is irrational and egoistical. The essay argues that Weber’s account of “magical and irrational” features in Daoism is due to a deep-seated philosophical framework that fails to appreciate Daoism’s relational rationality, which takes one part in relation to many other parts, as shown in Cao’s work. Weber’s inadequate treatment of Daoism leads him not only to ignore or dismiss the roles of female Daoists in Chinese society but also to describe Daoism as egoistical and lacking in social functions. The investigation of Kundao Academy reveals a living reality in which female Daoists have a deep and immediate commitment and goal to serve the community. The study of past and present female Daoist voices invites us to rethink the very notions of man/male/masculinity and woman/female/femininity and offers a path for investigating relationships between the hegemonic power of social structures and female subjective agency through the interface of classical texts and contemporary contexts.

Understanding and application of crime of sabotaging production and operation in internet era

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the understanding and application of crime of sabotaging production and operation in internet era, and, at the same time, discuss the basic position for criminal law interpretation in cyberspace. Design/methodology/approach Doctrinal analysis and case study. Findings Along with the advent of the internet era, how to apply the traditional crime of sabotaging production and operation in virtual space has attracted people’s attention. The controversy caused by the conviction of malicious application of fake transactions is a typical example. The legal interest protected here includes not only the property value of the means of production itself, but also the expectation interest that can be obtained by normal production and operation activities. There is no reliable basis to believe that overlap of articles between special provision and general laws occurs in crime of sabotaging production and operation and crime of intentional damage of property. The production and operation activities carried out online can also be covered by crime of sabotaging production and operation, without doubt. Ejusdem Generis Rule should be fully respected, but crime of sabotaging production and operation has a dual structure of means behavior and purpose behavior, where the purpose behavior, sabotaging production and operation, is the key to the conviction. However, it is not necessarily premised on physical damage and violent characteristics. The understanding and application of traditional crimes should keep pace with the times in the internet era, and we should not stick to a completely rigid subjective interpretation. Originality/value This study demonstrates the possible application of crime of sabotaging production and operation in cyberspace, and clarifies many misunderstandings about this crime.

The Challenge of Moral Decadence Perspectives on the Study of Al-Arba‘in An-Nawawiyah Hadith

The phenomenon of moral decadence is a topic that never dims. Like an endless sea, problem after problems related to the moral decline of the nation's children continues to roll over time. Religious education has an important role in overcoming moral problems that never end. Hadith as the basis of the second Islamic law certainly has a very basic position in Islamic education. Among the thousands of hadiths in the Islamic books, there are 40 hadith selected by Imam Nawawi, then collected in a book called al-arbain al-nawawiyah. The book al-arbain al-nawawiyah received an extraordinary reception from all corners of the world, even the book became a mandatory lesson in Indonesian Islamic Boarding Schools in general. The development of the times brought its challenges in moral matters, especially for the millennial generation. Presumably, the actualization and contextualization of moral values ​​in the book needs to be done. So that found moral values ​​that are relevant to the times. In the end, moral values ​​can easily be understood and practised. And after researching the study of literature from various related references, the authors find that there are moral values ​​that are relevant for overcoming the problem of decadence that is increasingly afflicting. So it is proper for moral studies to be found in the book of al-arbain al-nawawiyah to be studied not only in pesantren but also in other formal and informal institutions.