scholarly journals Reduction of Reactive Power Waste of Inductive Electrical Appliances using Power Factor Correction

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M.P.M Fernando ◽  
D.D.A Gamini ◽  
J.A.L Naveendra
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Factor Correction ◽  
Capacitor Bank ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Variable Capacitance ◽  
Standby Power ◽  
Total Impedance

Electricity is the primary source of power in most countries including Sri Lanka, and saving or minimising the waste of it has become crucial in facing the world power crisis. Electrical power is wasted in various ways including reactive power waste due to induction and capacitance of appliances, and standby power loss. These two contribute most to the waste. This paper focuses on reducing the reactive power waste of inductive electrical appliances commonly used in home and office by increasing the power factor. An attempt was made to reduce the power waste of inductive electrical appliances by connecting a capacitor bank with a variable capacitance in parallel with the appliance. Optimal capacitance and the power factor are determined using the capacitor bank. Results indicate about 30 percent of power saving could be achieved for fluorescent tube lamps using a power factor correction. A maximum power factor of 0.93 is achieved at the capacitance value of 2.99 F. It is not possible, by this method, to increase the power factor of more capacitive equipment such as CFL bulbs and ceiling fans. In this case, power minimisation could be tried connecting inductors in parallel with the equipment. Power factor and power consumption of home electrical appliances were measured for advising the general public of high power consuming equipment, especially in stand-by mode. To attain a further reduction of power waste it is proposed to measure inductance, capacitance and resistance of appliances using Hendry, Farad and Ohm meter. Total impedance can then be calculated and the power waste could be minimised using appropriate capacitors and/or inductors. Keywords: reactive power, power factor, power waste, reactive power waste, power minimisation

Maximizing Electrical Power Saving Using Capacitors Optimal Placement

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1041-1050
Author(s):  
Ayman Agha ◽  
Hani Attar ◽  
Audih Alfaoury ◽  
Mohammad R. Khosravi
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Electricity Bill ◽  
The Cost

Background: Low power factor is regarded as one of the most dedicated issues in large scale inductive power networks, because of the lost energy in term of a reactive power. Accordingly, installing capacitors in the network improves the power factor and hence decreases the reactive power. Methods: This paper presents an approach to maximize the saving in terms of financial costs, energy resources, environmental protection, and also enhance the power system efficiency. Moreover, the proposed technique tends to avoid the penalties imposed over the electricity bill (in the case of the power factor drops below the permissible limit), by applying a proposed method that consists of two stages. The first stage determines the optimal amount of compensating capacitors by using a suggested analytical method. The second stage employs a statistical approach to assess the reduction in energy losses resulting from the capacitors placement in each of the network nodes. Accordingly, the expected beneficiaries from improving the power factor are mainly large inductive networks such as large scale factories and industrial field. A numerical example is explained in useful detail to show the effectiveness and simplicity of the proposed approach and how it works. Results: The proposed technique tends to minimize the energy losses resulted from the reactive power compensation, release the penalties imposed on electricity bills due to the low power factor. The numerical examples show that the saved cost resulted from improving the power factor, and energy loss reduction is around 10.94 % per month from the total electricity bill. Conclusion: The proposed technique to install capacitors has significant benefits and effective power consumption improvement when the cost of the imposed penalty is regarded as high. The tradeoff in this technique is between the cost of the installed capacitors and the saving gained from the compensation.

scholarly journals Hardware Implementation of Automatic Power Factor Correction Unit For Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 2089 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
Amit G. Shende ◽  
Swapnil W. Khubalkar ◽  
Prajakta Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Hardware Implementation ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Factor Correction ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Unity Power Factor ◽  
Thyristor Switch ◽  
In Series

Abstract Power factor correction has always been challenging task. Most of electrical energy is wasted due to leading and lagging power factor. Thyristor switch modules are widely used in the rolling mills where more fluctuating load is available. The thyristor switch module with the reactor and capacitor is usedfor the compensating the reactive power in electrical power system. Automatic power factor correctionunit is required to keep unity power factor and optimize current consumption. Harmonics is reduced by connecting detuned reactor/inductor in series with capacitor and thyristor switched module. This paper shows design and hardware implementation of thyristorised automatic power factor correction unit for three phase circuit in an industry. The unit is flexible to maintain nearly unity power factor. The outcome is confirmed and acquired that the recommended circuit is perfect to produce improved output.

scholarly journals Power factor correction using capacitors & filters

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.12) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Karthik Subramanian ◽  
Shantam Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Factor Correction ◽  
Active Filters ◽  
Minimum Amount ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
The Real ◽  
Electrical Consumption

Power factor is the ratio of the real current or voltage received by a load to the root mean square (rms) value of the current or voltage that was supposed to be acquired by the same load. The fact that the two become different is due to the presence of reactive power in the circuit which gets dissipated.Improving the power factor means reducing the phase difference between voltage and current. Since majority of the loads are of inductive nature, they require some amount of reactive power for them to function. Therefore, for the better use of electrical appliances with minimum amount of electrical consumption, the power factor should necessarily be increased and should be brought near to 1. This can be easily done by the help of Automatic Power Factor Correction Capacitors and Active filters.  

scholarly journals Performance of Three Level H-Bridge Inverter in Grid Connected Solar PV for Multifunctional Operations using Different Control Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1942-1950
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Factor Correction ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Nonlinear Loads ◽  
Nonlinear Load ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Active And Reactive Power

This paper presents multifunctional operation capability of three level cascade H bridge inverter for grid connected solar pv application. The solar panel and inverter are modelled for unbalance and nonlinear loads with three control techniques (pq,dq,cpt) and its performance is simulated in the MATLAB environment using SIMULINK and Sim Power System (SPS) toolboxes. The performance of inverter is evaluated for harmonics elimination, power factor correction apart from active and reactive power support to grid and nonlinear load .Performance of three level H bridge inverter is evaluated for both PV mode and STATCOM mode using three control techniques for distribution grid.

scholarly journals Simulating and Building an Appliance Clustering Fuzzified SVC for Single Phase System

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Osama Ahmed ◽  
Abdul Wali Abdul Ali
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Factor Correction ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Reactive Power Compensation ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Power Monitoring ◽  
Compensating Devices

A power system suffers from losses that can cause tragic consequences. Reactive power presence in the power system increases system losses delivered power quality and distorted the voltage. As a result, many studies are concerned with reactive power compensation. The necessity of balancing resistive power generation and absorption throughout a power system gave birth to many devices used for reactive power compensation. Static Var Compensators are hunt devices used for the generation or absorption of reactive power as desired. SVCs provide fast and smooth compensation and power factor correction. In this paper, a Fuzzified Static Var Compensator consists of Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) branch and Thyristor Switched Capacitors branches for reactive power compensation and power factor correction at the load side is presented. The system is simulated using Simulink using a group of blocks and equations for measuring power factor, determining the weightage by which the power factor is improved, determining the firing angle of TCR branch, and capacitor configuration of TSC branches. Furthermore, a hardware prototype is designed and implemented with its associated software; it includes a smart meter build-up for power monitoring, which displays voltage, current, real power, reactive power and power factor and SVC branches with TRIAC as the power switching device. Lastly, static and dynamic loads are used to test the system's capability in providing fast response and compensation. The simulation results illustrated the proposed system's capability and responsiveness in compensating the reactive power and correcting the power factor. It also highlighted the proportional relation between reactive power presence and the increased cost in electricity bills. The proposed smart meter and SVC prototypes proved their capabilities in giving accurate measurement and monitoring and sending the data to the graphical user interface through ZigBee communication and power factor correction. Reactive power presence is an undesired event that affects the equipment and connected consumers of a power system. Therefore, fast and smooth compensation for reactive power became a matter of concern to utility companies, power consumers and manufacturers. Therefore, the use of compensating devices is of much importance as they can increase power capacity, regulate the voltage and improve the power system performance.

scholarly journals Software Solutions for Harmonic Conditions Monitoring and Optimal Placing of Reactive Power Sources in Distributions Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 8-9 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Alexandru Baloi ◽  
Adrian Pana
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Factor Correction ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Virtual Instruments ◽  
Equivalent Network ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
Electrical Distribution Networks

Power factor correction in electrical distribution networks can lead to harmonic risk increase. The paper presents a method to anticipate the amplification of network harmonic conditions based on the equivalent network harmonic impedance which can be monitored using virtual instruments. Based on the values of the harmonic impedance and the required reactive power, a mathematical model is implemented through an algorithm and software classes are developed for the solution regarding the type of the reactive power sources (capacitor banks or filters) and the place where it will be installed.

Design of variable reactive power compensator to improve power factor correction of a static load

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chico Hermanu B. A. ◽  
Rio Yuan Pallafine ◽  
Meiyanto Eko Sulistyo ◽  
Feri Andriyanto ◽  
Irwan Iftadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Factor Correction ◽  
Reactive Power Compensator
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