scholarly journals The old new theory of modern Russian psychiatry: a biopsychosocial approach (institutional discourse)

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
G. N. Nosachev ◽  
I. G. Nosachev
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Medical Psychology ◽  
Institutional Discourse ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Biological Domain ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Approach Theory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Russian Psychiatry

The article is discussed («Review of psychiatry and medical psychology named after V.M. Bekhterev». 2020; 2: 3-15), which examines the biopsychosocial model as the theoretical basis (scientific, clinical, preventive, therapeutic) of modern psychiatry, in particular, the biological (genetic) domain.The purpose of the discourse: from the standpoint of philosophy and methodology of science, to determine the place of the biological domain (biomedical research) of the biopsychosocial (biopsychosocial—spiritual) (BPS) approach (theory) in Russian psychiatry, in particular, from the standpoint of the subject of psychiatry and its main section-clinical psychiatry.Based on methodology and philosophy, and based on anthropological and holistic approaches, the biological domain of the BPS model, which is based on clinical psychiatry as a practice and, accordingly, theory, is discussed through the subject of psychiatry as a science. The significance and role of the subject of psychiatry (pathology, disorders, abnormalities of mental activity) in the ICD-10 and the components of the biopsychosocial (model) approach are discussed. There are differences in the domains of the model and the difficulties of clinical diagnosis (multi-axis, functional, multidimensional) and, accordingly, the study of the etiopathogenesis of mental disorders, the "bias" of diagnosis and therapy. The article deals with the neurological component of the biological domain and the "expansion" of neurologists into psychiatry, which leads to hidden antipsychiatry. The author emphasizes the independence, contiguity and two-paradigm nature of psychiatry as a science (with its own unity of subject and its own method of research—clinical and psychopathological). In addition to the interdisciplinarity of clinical neuroscience, it is proposed to be multidisciplinary (for the sections of psychiatry), but the future belongs to the transdisciplinary research methodology.

scholarly journals Letter from Moscow

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 703-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Russian Psychiatry ◽  
To Receive

The political and economic changes in Russia in the last five years have been enormous, however, Russian psychiatry remains isolated from the mainstream. This isolation started in the aftermath of allegations in the seventies about the misuse of psychiatry, and has been exacerbated by recent economic uncertainty. I was therefore interested to receive an invitation to stay with a Russian psychiatrist for a week in September 1994, to investigate the possibilities of research collaboration between the Institute of Clinical Psychiatry in Moscow and the Department of Psychiatry in Southampton.

scholarly journals Personality Disoder and Their Judicial- Psychiatric-estimation of the Russian Federation

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
S. Vasyukov ◽  
A. Baeva
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Diminished Responsibility

In modern Russian criminal law means diminished responsibility, that the subject is not capable to regulate meaningly legally significant behaviour at the moment of socially dangerous act. Such disability comes at presence if the subject has the chronic or time mental disorder, an aphrenia or other disease state of mentality. The specified clinical phenomena define medical criterion of diminished responsibility. Special interest represents disorders which in ICD- 10 concern to «Personality Disorders» (F60-F68). Here mental disorders which have no so-called remedial basis are meant, or in their structure it is impossible to note signs of weakening process. At the same time they not only qualitatively differ from the accepted norm, but also under known conditions possess that depth or expression that can be regarded as medical criterion of the formula of diminished responsibility. The research which has been spent in the Department of psychogenias and personality disorders of Institute of Serbsky included 80 men at the age from 20 till 45 years by which the diagnosis «Personality disorder» was established. It has shown that there can be 3 variants of influence on responsibility: they can cause full loss of liability; can essentially reduce the criminal liability; their presence can be neutral and not render influences on liability. The analysis of expert judgements shows, that in expert judgements about disability of the subject to regulate the behaviour meaningly it is necessary to estimate components both medical, and psychological criteria of diminished responsibility.

scholarly journals Limited predictive value of admission time in clinical psychiatry

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Kreuzer ◽  
Stefan Günther ◽  
Jorge Simoes ◽  
Michael Ziereis ◽  
Berthold Langguth
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Addiction Medicine ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Admission Time ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Public Holidays

Abstract Background A large proportion of admissions to psychiatric hospitals happen as emergency admissions and many of them occur out of core working hours (during the weekends, on public holidays and during night time). However, very little is known about what determines admission times and whether the information of admission time bears any relevance for the clinical course of the patients. In other words, do admission times correlate with diagnostic groups? Can accumulations of crises be detected regarding circadian or weekly rhythms? Can any differences between workdays and weekends/public holidays be detected? May it even be possible to use information on admission times as a predictor for clinical relevance and severity of the presented condition measured by the length of stay? Methods In the present manuscript we analyzed data derived from 37′705 admissions to the Psychiatric District Hospital of Regensburg located in the Southern part of Germany covering the years 2013 to 2018 with regard to ICD-10 diagnostic groups and admission times. The hospital provides 475 beds for in-patient treatment in all fields of clinical psychiatry including geriatrics and addiction medicine. Results Several core questions could be answered based on our analysis: 1st Our analysis confirms that there is a high percentage of unheralded admissions out of core time showing broad variation. 2nd In contrary to many psychiatrists’ misconceptions the time of admission has no relevant impact on the length of stay in the hospital. 3rd The predictive value of admission time regarding the allocation to ICD-10 diagnostic groups is low explaining only 1% of variability. Conclusions Taken together, our data reveal the enormous variation of admission times of psychiatric patients accounting for the need of adequate and consistent provision of personnel and spatial resources.

scholarly journals Some problematic and discussion issues of psychosomatic relationships and somatoform disorders from the standpoint of clinical psychiatry

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Litvintsev
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Psychosomatic Medicine ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Separate Group ◽  
Psychosomatic Disorders ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

A brief historical digression into the doctrine of psychosomatics and the establishment of the term «psychosomatic medicine» are represented in the article. Some views on the formation and systematization of psychosomatic disorders are examined. The scientific grounds for isolating somatoform disorders into a separate group and their inclusion in the modern classifications of mental diseases (DSM and ICD-10) are analyzed. It is stated that the clinical picture of somatoform disorders does not contain specific psychopathological symptoms and syndromes but mostly consists of disparate symptom complexes, and this fact puts a question of the place of this pathology in psychiatric nosology. It is suggested that further research by experts from different fields of science should lead to the science-based principles for delineating the clinical boundaries of somatoform disorders at an interdisciplinary level that will allow developing valid therapeutic and rehabilitation programs for this group of patients.

Teaching Aids in Clinical Psychiatry

1952 ◽  
Vol 98 (412) ◽  
pp. 477-482
Author(s):  
W. M. Millar ◽  
Max Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Effective Teaching ◽  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Major Subject ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Subject

The effective teaching of Psychiatry to medical students remains a formidable problem for many reasons apart from the actual methods employed by the teacher. Allocation of adequate time to the subject, the attitude of other teachers and students towards it, the facilities provided by local hospitals, clinics and other institutions alike contribute to the difficulty in establishing Psychiatry as a major subject within the medical curriculum. It is with the problem of teaching method alone that this paper wishes to deal: first to outline the inherent difficulties commonly encountered; secondly to describe the design of structures and equipment found useful in overcoming these difficulties in some measure; and thirdly to point the way for possible future development.

Reflections on the Clinical Utility of the ICD-10 and DSM-IV Classifications and their Diagnostic Criteria

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aksel Bertelsen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnostic Classification ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Quality And Reliability

Objective: The change to non-theoretical, criteria-based diagnostic classification in ICD-10 and DSM-III/IV has presented a major innovation in clinical psychiatry. The aim of the present paper is to provide a provisional evaluation of their utility in clinical practice. Method: The method involved a close scrutiny of ICD-10 and DSM-IV with a view to identifying difficulties and problems in their use. Results and Conclusions: The criteria-based classifications are no longer just coding conventions, but have become part of the conceptual framework of the discipline itself. The advantages, particularly as to the quality and reliability of clinical diagnoses, outweigh the disadvantages with temptations to mechanistic and reductionistic applications of criteria and incomplete nosological evaluation. Comprehensive clinical evaluation, however, should work at two separate levels: one, the initial, syndromatical diagnostic level, followed by the other, the nosological level, with evaluation of factors possibly influencing course and outcome of the psychiatric disorders. Only when both the syndromatical diagnosis and nosological factors are taken into consideration, is it possible to get a full understanding of the disorder necessary for optimal treatment. In this way, clinical psychiatry can be kept as it was intended: a healing discipline.

Influence of drainage network and compensatory techniques on urban flooding susceptibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1152-1163
Author(s):  
Jakcemara Caprario ◽  
Aline Schuck Rech ◽  
Fabiane Andressa Tasca ◽  
Alexandra Rodrigues Finotti
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Flooding Risk ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Influential Parameters ◽  
Sustainable Drainage Systems

Abstract Urban flooding due to accelerated urbanization and the resulting drainage problems have become a worldwide issue and the subject of several studies in recent decades. Alternative and holistic approaches such as sustainable drainage systems have been gaining prominence. Compensatory techniques represent one of these promising alternatives for managing flooding risk in the transition to regenerative urban environments. The goal of this study is to assess the effect of a drainage network together with compensatory techniques on the susceptibility to urban flooding in Campeche District. This study applies the analytical hierarchy process together with a consistency analysis, using overlapping influential parameters in three scenarios. The results show that introducing a drainage system decreases the susceptibility to urban flooding in approximately 27% of Campeche District. In general, considering the absence of a drainage network, it is concluded that its implementation together with compensatory structures provides a reduction of approximately 32% in the susceptibility to urban flooding. It should be noted that, although costly, interventions for the implementation of a drainage infrastructure associated with compensatory techniques are extremely important for disaster reduction and sustainable development.

Epidemiology and Clinical Psychiatry

1978 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Standard View ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Major Branch ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Epidemiological Approach

The Maudsley Bequest lectures have traditionally been intended for trainee psychiatrists. No previous lecture in the series has been concerned directly with epidemiology, and the trainee who seeks enlightenment in the British textbooks of psychiatry is likely to be disappointed or misled, for the standard view of the subject is epitomized in the statement which appears in their weightiest representative: ‘In this field the epidemiological approach concerns itself with investigation of the frequency with which definable forms of psychiatric disorder occur in carefully delineated populations' (Slater and Roth, 1969). While this aspect of the discipline is central to the interests of workers in the field of public health and administration, the notion of epidemiology as primarily an exercise in head-counting is unlikely to suggest the relevance of the discipline to clinical activities, especially if these are conceived as being focused primarily on the individual patient. In this lecture I propose to try and correct this impression and indicate the provenance and scope of epidemiology as a major branch of scientific inquiry which is indispensable to clinical psychiatry.

scholarly journals History of formation of medical psychology of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Experience ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Medical Psychology ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Psychological Practice ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

The article in the historical aspect considers the problems of formation of medical psychology. The work contains the results of the analysis of the history of the formation of medical psychology in Ukraine, the development of its most promising directions in solving specific problems of medical practice. On the way to the formation of Ukrainian psychology as a science, there were different schools, directions and concepts. They were different in nature, often contradicting each other. Thus, in Soviet psychological science, based on the communist idea, the task was to develop a single, monistic approach to the study and explanation of mental phenomena. It is emphasized that when the connection with practice is lost, the subject of psychology is eroded, the scientific status of this knowledge is lost. On the way to overcoming the crisis of modern medical psychology, it is necessary to theoretically comprehend the practical experience for the development of technologies for solving urgent practical problems of psychological care. Comprehension and generalization of the invaluable experience of the first practical psychologists of our country can serve modern researchers and practitioners, as psychological practice now faces the same problems that arose at the beginning of the last century before the then scientists and practitioners. Traditional in the history of psychology is the general idea that the allocation of medical psychology as an applied field was due to the closure of experimental research to address current issues and practical problems in psychiatry and neurology in the late XX - early XXI century. The methodological basis for the study of the psyche was to be a dialectical-materialist orientation. However, despite ideological pressure, a single approach to the study of the psyche could not be developed. In specific studies of the Soviet period, sometimes directly, and in most cases, the positions of psychologists of various fields and schools were used in disguise, which was evidence of the creative use of the achievements of world psychological science.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document