scholarly journals THE ROLE OF FLAG LEAVES AND AWNS IN THE FORMATION OF WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY (REVIEW)

2018 ◽  
pp. 32-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Gromova ◽  
P. I. Kostylev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Yield ◽  
Yield Formation

The article presents the results of the conducted analysis of research works about the effect of size of flag leaves and awns on winter wheat productivity. The genetic potential of the variety, which can be realized on the basis of its biologic characteristics largely influences on its productivity. Productivity is a complex trait that is controlled by a complex genetic system closely connected with many factors of environment. The size and duration of assimilation surface are the most important components of biologic and agricultural yield of wheat. Many researchers showed that the amount and duration of photosynthesis by leaf surface are the main factors limiting productivity in the definite conditions of growing, and the size of leaf surface correlates with grain productivity. Photosynthetic parts of winter wheat include not only leaves, but also stems, heads, awns, etc. The conducted analysis of the literature showed that there is no consensus on the effect of flag leaves on wheat yield formation. Therefore it’s necessary to fulfill the study and evaluation of the part of flag leaves and awns in the formation of winter soft wheat productivity in the Rostov region.

scholarly journals Elements of Integration in Winter Wheat Protection Programs

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Cecylia Jańczak ◽  
Grażyna Filoda ◽  
Robert Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

In Poland winter wheat is grown on the area of 1.600.000 ha. Most of the plant protection treatments are being done without thorough analysis of real threats from pests and diseases. The aim of the research is to develop the optimal program of wheat protection against pests and diseases based on integration of various methods of plant protection. Two programs: conventional and integrated were compared. In integrated program the eventual needs and terms of treatments were estimated on the basis of detailed observations of plant infection, pest appearance, their natural enemies and thorough analysis of weather conditions and forecasts. The role of disease resistant wheat varietes and nitrogen fertilizers was also analysed. The research took into account beneficial entomofauna and its influence on pest numbers as well as influence of chemicals used in agriculture on their species. As the result the selective pesticides, safe to beneficial organisms, were selected. The quantity and quality of winter wheat yield was analysed, including protein and gluten contents. The economic effectiveness of various programs of wheat protection against pests and diseases was assessed. The results of research are important both in practical and scientific sense.

scholarly journals Optimal Hyperspectral Characteristics Determination for Winter Wheat Yield Prediction

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Qiming Qin ◽  
Huazhong Ren ◽  
Yuanheng Sun ◽  
Minzan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Yield Formation

Crop growth in different periods influences the final yield. This study started from the agronomic mechanism of yield formation and aimed to extract useful spectral characteristics in different phenological phases, which could directly describe the final yield and dynamic contributions of different phases to the yield formation. Hyperspectral information of the winter wheat canopy was acquired during three important phases (jointing stage, heading stage, and grain-filling stage). An enhanced 2D correlation spectral analysis method modified by mutual information was proposed to identify the sensitive wavebands. The selected wavebands performed well with good mechanism interpretation and close correlation with important crop growth parameters and main physiological activities related to yield formation. The quantitative contribution proportions of plant growth in three phases to the final yield were estimated by determining the coefficients of partial least square models based on full spectral information. They were then used as single-phase weight factors to merge the selected wavebands. The support vector machine model based on the weighted spectral dataset performed well in yield prediction with satisfactory accuracy and robustness. This result would provide rapid and accurate guidance for agricultural production and would be valuable for the processing of hyperspectral remote sensing data.

scholarly journals The affectivity using of the winter wheat by detailed methoda of the structure harvest

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
G.F. Оlkhovskyi ◽  
М.А. Bobro ◽  
О.F. Chechui
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Individual Features ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The most difficult but most informative method of determining the structure of winter wheat yield with the use of large bunches of samples is presented. The role of the stem in the formation of allthe elements of winter wheat yield structure is determined. The advantage of our method is that it allows to get deeper information about the structure of the wheat crop, as it reveals the relationship between the individual elements of the crop structure and shows the amplitude of fluctuations in individual features of thewheat crop structure. Key words: winter wheat, yield structure, stem, weight and number of grains.

scholarly journals AMELIORATIVE ROLE OF THE FOREST BELT IN THE FORMATION OF WINTER WHEAT YIELD IN THE ARID ZONE OF STAVROPOL REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (30) ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
L. V. Trubacheva ◽  
◽  
O. V. Mukhina ◽  
N. S. Chukhlebova ◽  
A. M. Nikiforova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

scholarly journals Variation in grain productivity and quality of modern winter wheat varieties in northern Ukrainian Steppe

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
M. Nazarenko ◽  
S. Mykolenko ◽  
P. Okhmat
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

We have been studying the grain productivity and quality of 22 new winter wheat varieties during three years under North Ukrainian Steppe conditions. These 22 winter wheat varieties and control (national standard by grain productivity variety Podolyanka) were investigated regarding their interactions with environmental conditions by agronomic-value traits like as general grain productivity, components of one, protein and gluten content, developing relations between once (correlation relations), which determining wheat quality and yield in a complex. Two high-adaptive varieties Divo and Matrix, which provides us higher than standard grain yield in complex with higher or proper protein and gluten content were developed. Two factors permanently influenced on grain productivity (conditions of the year and genotype), while only one (genotype) determined the protein content of grains. We used the weight of thousand grains as an integrative parameter of the yield structure for all productive varieties, with no regards to yield formation.

The role of nitrogen in yield formation of cereals, especially of winter wheat

1984 ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H.J. Spiertz ◽  
N.M. de Vos ◽  
L. ten Holte
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Formation

scholarly journals Modeling the role of irrigation in winter wheat yield, crop water productivity, and production in China

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junguo Liu ◽  
David Wiberg ◽  
Alexander J. B. Zehnder ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Productivity ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

scholarly journals Biomass as a factor contributing to winter wheat yield increase

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
V. V. Morgun ◽  
G. A. Priadkina ◽  
O. O. Stasik ◽  
O. V. Zborіvskaіa
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Dry Matter Weight ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. The search of factors influencing grain productivity, based on the comparison of the mass of dry matter in the aboveground parts of modern winter wheat varieties at the early stages of ontogenesis. Methods. Morphometric determination of biomass of the above-ground plant parts. Results. The varieties and lines of winter wheat with higher yields exceeded the less productive ones by the number of shoots per 1 m2 of soil on 8–12 % and by the dry matter weight of the above-ground plant parts on 23–34 % at the early stages of spring vegetation. According to two-year experiments, it was established a linear positive correlation (r = 0.85–0.86) of the dry matter weight of the above-ground plant parts per 1 m2 of soil during the period of stem elongation (BBCH 31-49) with the yield. Conclusions. The close relationship between yield and dry matter weight of the above-ground plant parts at the early stages of spring vegetation makes it possible to rank winter wheat varieties by potential yield. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., grain productivity, biomass, early stages of ontogenesis.

scholarly journals Influence of Take-All Epidemics on Winter Wheat Yield Formation and Yield Loss

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 694-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Schoeny ◽  
Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy ◽  
Philippe Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Take All

The effects of take-all epidemics on winter wheat yield formation were determined, and disease-yield relationships were established to assess the agronomic efficacy and economic benefits of control methods. Epidemics were generated in naturally infested fields by varying cropping season, crop order in the rotation, and experimental fungicide seed treatment. Disease incidence and severity were assessed from tillering to flowering. Yield components were measured at harvest. Models simulating the formation of the yield components in the absence of limiting factors were used to estimate the losses caused by take-all. Losses were predicted by the disease level at a specific time or the area under the disease progress curve, reflecting accumulation during a specific period. Losses of grain number per square meter and 1,000-grain weight were linked to cumulative disease incidence between the beginning of stem elongation and flowering, and disease incidence at midstem elongation, respectively. Yield losses were accounted for by both cumulative disease incidence between sowing and flowering, and disease incidence at midstem elongation. Results confirm the importance of nitrogen fertilization in reducing the impact of take-all on wheat.

scholarly journals Agrobiological basis of wheat yield formation Dicoccum Schrank (spelt) in the ancestral domain of the Republic of Tatarstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00072
Author(s):  
Farit Shaikhutdinov ◽  
Igor Serzhanov ◽  
Albina Serzhanova ◽  
Abdulsamat Valiev ◽  
Venera Aksakova
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
Seed Placement ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Yield Formation

The article presents the results of a three-year (2016–2018) study on the role of seeding rates taking into account the depth of seeding on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition in the conditions of gray forest soils in the middle Volga region. Experiments were conducted on the pilot field of the Department of Plant Industry and Horticulture of Kazan State Automobile University. Soil of the experimental site is characterized by the following agrochemical indicators: humus content – 2.9–3.2 % (according to Tyurin), the sum of the absorbed bases – 27 mg.-per 100 g of soil, light hydrolysable nitrogen – 79.0...110 mg/1000 g (according to Corinth), mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Kirsanov) – 105...184 and 79...149 mg/1000 g of soil, pHsol.– 5.6–5.7. Research material – double-grain wheat Triticum Dicoccum Schrank (spelt) grade Runo. During all the years of research, the soil layer 4 and 6 cm was the most wetted during the sprouting phase. On average, for 3 years the best completeness of sprouting was provided by sowing rates of 4–5 million germplasm seeds per hectare at the depth of seed placement by 2 and 4 cm. Safety of plants to full ripeness at sowing of 6 million grains per hectare on both feeding backgrounds made up at planting of seeds on 2 cm – 414–423 pieces/m2, 4 cm – 411–432 and 6 cm – 356–374 plants on 1 m2. The highest yield for 3 years on average on both feeding grounds (1.93...2.55 t/ha) was provided by sowing 4 million grains per hectare when planting seeds by 4 cm.

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