scholarly journals Winter wheat septoria blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici) (literature review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
О. S. Kononenko ◽  
N. V. Shishkin ◽  
T. G. Derova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dominant Type

In the Southern Federal District, winter wheat is a main food crop. One of the most important factors that can destabilize gross grain yields and reduce grain crop productivity are parasitic organisms. One of the most common wheat diseases is septoria blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici). The purpose of the current study was to analyze the biological cycle of distribution, harmfulness, measures to combat septoria blotch on winter wheat. The paper has considered the importance of winter wheat septoria disease in various countries and in Russia. There was noted a leading position in distribution and harmfulness of the disease, and according to the results of study conducted by Russian and foreign researchers, it was found that this pathogen was inferior in importance only to wheat rust. There were presented three types of septoria blotch pathogens and there was established a dominant type in the Southern Federal District. Yield losses caused by septoria blotch can reach upto 30-40%, and the optimal temperature for its development and spread is from 5 to 20°C, with frequent precipitation. There have been given the technological methods under which the crop damage by pathogens increased. There have been presented the measures to combat septoria blotch and there has been described the most effective, economical and environmentally friendly method, namely the development of resistant varieties and their introduction into production. There has been considered qualitative and quantitative resistance of varieties. Currently there have been identified 21 major septoria blotch resistance genes. There has been considered longevity of stb-genes and the reasons for its loss. It has been established that the development of winter wheat varieties resistant to septoria blotch is a priority issue of breeding, since this control measure reduces yield losses and potential reserve of the pathogen in the agrocenosis.

scholarly journals Wheat and Barley Susceptibility and Tolerance to Multiple Isolates of Wheat streak mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1383-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Lehnhoff ◽  
Zachariah Miller ◽  
Fabian Menalled ◽  
Dai Ito ◽  
Mary Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Cultivar Screening

One of the greatest virus disease threats to wheat production in the Great Plains of the USA is Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). Breeding programs have developed wheat varieties that are resistant or tolerant to WSMV infection, but these characteristics are climate dependent, and may also vary by WSMV isolate. We tested 10 spring and nine winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties and two barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties for resistance and tolerance to one WSMV isolate over four years. In spring wheat and barley, there were year by cultivar interactions in terms of resistance and tolerance. However, in winter wheat, yield losses due to WSMV were relatively consistent across years and varieties. Additionally, we tested the impacts of three WSMV isolates individually and in a mixture on twelve, two, and twelve varieties of spring wheat, barley, and winter wheat, respectively. Resistance and tolerance varied by isolate and cultivar, but there were no isolate by cultivar interactions. For spring wheat and barley, yield impacts were greater for two of the three single isolates than for the isolate mixture, whereas in winter wheat, the isolate mixture caused greater yield losses than the individual isolates. Overall, the results indicate that resistance and tolerance phenotypes were influenced by environmental conditions and by WSMV isolate or combination of isolates, suggesting that cultivar screening should be conducted over multiple years and with multiple virus isolates.

RESPONSIVENESS OF SPRING WHEAT TO THE EFFECTS AND AFTEREFFECTS OF ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
S. А. Nikiforova ◽  
◽  
S. А. Zaharov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

In 2016-2018, scientific research was carried out on the experimental field of the Ulyanovsk agricultural research Institute on leached heavy loam chernozem to assess the effectiveness and aftereffect of mineral and organic fertilizers in the technology of cultivation of spring wheat varieties, depending on the level of intensification. Weather conditions over the years of research were characterized as quite favorable, but during the period of germination-tillering plants experienced a lack of productive moisture, which affected the overall productivity of the crop and the effectiveness of organic and mineral fertilizers. Spring wheat crops used the aftereffect of straw of the previous crop (winter wheat) and manure, as well as the effect and aftereffect (introduced under winter wheat) of mineral fertilizers. The responsiveness of varieties to mineral and organic was different, which was explained by varietal features and the conditions of water availability of the year. Separate planting of winter wheat straw in the soil did not lead to a significant increase in crop productivity. High availability of soil by mineral nutrients (natural fertility) allowed to get depending on grade from 2.3 to 2.96 t/ha of grain in the control variant (without fertilizers), on the ground the advantage was with the variety Margarita (2,96 t/ha). The largest grain yield was formed by spring wheat of Margarita variety, but this variety showed less responsiveness to mineral and organic fertilizers. On average, the increase in yield, depending on the level of intensification, was 0.3-0.5 t / ha. The use of complex fertilizers for pre-sowing cultivation and the aftereffect of organic fertilizers led to an increase in the content of protein (up to 14.1-15.9 %) and gluten (up to 25.9-30.0 %).

scholarly journals Measurement of infection efficiency of a major wheat pathogen using time-resolved imaging of disease progress

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Karisto ◽  
S. Dora ◽  
A. Mikaberidze
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Infection Efficiency ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Time Resolved Imaging

AbstractInfection efficiency is a key epidemiological parameter that determines the proportion of pathogen spores able to infect and cause lesions once they have landed on a susceptible plant tissue. In this study, we present an improved method to measure infection efficiency of Zymoseptoria tritici using a replicated greenhouse experiment. Z. tritici is a fungal pathogen that infects wheat leaves and causes Septoria tritici blotch (STB), a major disease of wheat worldwide.We devised an original experimental setup, where we (i) attached living wheat leaves to metal plates allowing for time-resolved imaging of disease progress in planta. Since lesions were continuously appearing, expanding and merging during the period of up to three weeks, daily measurements were necessary for accurate counting of lesions. We also (ii) used reference membranes to characterize the density and the spatial distribution of inoculated spores on leaf surfaces. In this way, we captured the relationship between the number of lesions and the number of viable spores deposited on the leaves and estimated the infection efficiency of about 4 % from the slope of this relationship.Our study provides a proof of principle for an accurate and reliable measurement of infection efficiency of Z. tritici. The method opens opportunities for determining the genetic basis of the component of quantitative resistance that suppresses infection efficiency. This knowledge would improve breeding for quantitative resistance against STB, a control measure considered more durable than deployment of major resistance genes.

QUALITATIVE STABILITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
C. Kondora ◽  
M. Szabó ◽  
A. Máté ◽  
G. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Owing to the significant differences in the adaptability of state-registered varieties, those which can adapt well to the local conditions should be given preference. There are several high-yielding varieties available in Hungary with excellent agronomic properties, good adaptability and satisfactory baking quality. This study was conducted to analyse the adaptability of 34 state-registered winter wheat varieties tested in the small plot trials of the National Institute for Agricultural Quality Control (NIAQC) at 5–9 locations between 1994 and 1997 based on their gluten quantity and farinographic index. For the comparison of the varieties the evaluation method of Eberhart and Russell (1966) was applied as modified by Bedő and Balla (1977). The qualitative stability and adaptability values of the varieties differ from the adaptability and stability values calculated from the grain yields. Some winter wheat varieties have good qualitative adaptability and stability, while others have special adaptability and poor qualitative stability, but the majority of the varieties do not belong to these groups.

Impact of the estimated doses of mineral fertilizers on the infestation mildew, pyrenophora and yield of winter wheat varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Y. Ozheredova ◽  
◽  
A. N. Esaulko ◽  
L.A. Mikhno ◽  
A.P. Shutko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article presents materials on the influence of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on the incidence of powdery mildew, pyrenophorosis and yield of winter wheat varieties cultivated on leached Chernozem for 2016-2018.

Varietal potential of winter wheat in the Kursk region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pigorev I. Ya. Pigorev I. Ya. ◽  
◽  
V.A. Kudinov V.A. ◽  
I.V. Ichkov I.V.
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Kursk Region ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Large Enterprises

the range of winter wheat varieties in the conditions of sown areas of the Kursk region is considered. The analysis of the varieties used with the priorities and volumes of crops in large enterprises and small business entities of the agro-industrial complex is given.

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