CHAPTER ONE. Canadian Federalism: Performance, Effectiveness, and Legitimacy

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-30
2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éric Montpetit ◽  
Martial Foucault

Abstract. Federal systems empower multiple policy actors from different levels of governments. For some scholars, the disagreements arising within such a diverse group of actors create policy stalemates. Others contend instead that new ideas are more likely to arise and diffuse from such a diverse group. This article is a contribution to this scholarly debate, proposing an original contribution on policy agendas. It argues that both perspectives are useful to understanding the dynamic of policy making within federal systems. Looking at change in policy attention in Canadian and British speeches from the throne, the article argues that federalism constrains change immediately following a party turnover in government. In the following years, however, federal arrangements encourage larger changes in policy attention than arrangements where power is centralized.Résumé. Les systèmes fédéraux rassemblent plusieurs acteurs politiques issus de différents niveaux de gouvernement. Pour certains chercheurs, l'existence de potentiels désaccords entre de tels décideurs est susceptible de créer des impasses politiques. D'autres soutiennent au contraire que les nouvelles idées sont plus susceptibles d'émerger et de se diffuser à partir d'un tel groupe diversifié. Cet article s'inscrit dans ce débat sur le fédéralisme et propose une contribution originale en termes de mise à l'agenda des politiques publiques. Il soutient que les deux perspectives sont nécessaires à la compréhension de la dynamique de l'élaboration des politiques au sein des systèmes fédéraux. En mesurant le changement de l'attention politique dans les discours du Trône canadiens et britanniques, l'article affirme que le fédéralisme freine le changement de politique immédiatement après un changement de parti au gouvernement. Au cours d'une législature, toutefois, les institutions fédérales encouragent de plus grands changements dans l'attention des politiques que dans des systèmes unitaires où le pouvoir est centralisé.


2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazanin Derakshan ◽  
Michael W. Eysenck

There have been many attempts to account theoretically for the effects of anxiety on cognitive performance. This article focuses on two theories based on insights from cognitive psychology. The more recent is the attentional control theory ( Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos, & Calvo, 2007 ), which developed from the earlier processing efficiency theory ( Eysenck & Calvo, 1992 ). Both theories assume there is a fundamental distinction between performance effectiveness (quality of performance) and processing efficiency (the relationship between performance effectiveness and use of processing resources), and that anxiety impairs processing efficiency more than performance effectiveness. Both theories also assume that anxiety impairs the efficiency of the central executive component of the working memory system. In addition, attentional control theory assumes that anxiety impairs the efficiency of two types of attentional control: (1) negative attentional control (involved in inhibiting attention to task-irrelevant stimuli); and (2) positive attentional control (involved in flexibly switching attention between and within tasks to maximize performance). Recent (including unpublished) research relevant to theoretical predictions from attentional control theory is discussed. In addition, future directions for theory and research in the area of anxiety and performance are presented.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renli Ferrari Daud Sondakh ◽  
David Paul Elia Saerang ◽  
Lidia M. Mawikere

In a government organization requires their internal control systems due to their system of internal control activities undertaken by government agencies more effective and avoid fraud and keep the business property of parties who are not responsible. The object of this research is the Dinas Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. The purpose of this study to analyze the effectiveness of the internal control system on the performance of government agencies in the Dinas Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the internal control system used Dinas Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Minahasa Utara effective and sufficient for compliance with the Internal Control System of the Government that has been set by the government based on Government Regulation No. 60 of 2008, so that the achievement of revenue receipts and the realization of the region in 2015 is said to be very effective. Keywords: Government Accounting, Internal Control System of the Government, Performance, effectiveness, Dinas Pendapatan Daerah


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Deviyantoro Deviyantoro ◽  
Wahyudin ◽  
Amarul

The research purpose was to produce a model of marketing management, the model is  joint marketing management of Internet-based for village product. The results of this research are expected to overcome the deadlock village product marketing that is less extensive and often trapped by realtor marketing system. This research method used is research and development approach.The results of comparative hypotheses on marketing management model shown significant differences product sales performance effectiveness of rural communities in the district Waringin Kurung and Keramatwatu before and after implementation of the model joint marketing management based onInternet or the  joint marketing management of Internet-based for village product is effective   Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan suatu model manajemen pemasaran, hasil inovasi berupa cara pengelolaan pemasaran bersama produk unggulan desa berbasis internet. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengatasi kebuntuan pemasaran produk desa yang kurang luas dan sering terjebak oleh sistim makelar pemasaran. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development).Berdasarkan hasil pengamartan serta analisis data penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengujian hipotesis atas penerapan model yang dilakukan secara terbatas hanya pada 2 kecamatan menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan efektifitas kinerja penjualan produk masyarakat desa di kecamatan Waringin Kurung dan Kecamatan Keramatwatu  sebelum dan setelah penerapan model Pemasaran bersama berbasis Internet.


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