The Impact of Mis-Recognition on Homeland for Muslim Second-Generation Immigrants in Post-9/11 America

Generation Immigrant ◽

This article examines literatures written largely within the last three years by poets Kazim Ali, Fatimah Asghar, and Tarfia Faizullah. It illustrates how Muslim second-generation immigrant writers construct figurative homelands that reclaim or reject their Western/ancestral identities by interrogating “them” versus “us” binaries and/or crafting notions of the “we” on which they belong. This research is guided by studies on the perceptions and mis-recognitions of Muslims since 11 September 2001 by Sadia Abbas, Naseem L. Aumeerally, and Arjun Appadurai. Overall, it examines the profound impact of 9/11 on Muslim second-generation immigrants’ sense of homeland, belonging, and security in America.

Vietnamese Parents and Czech Nannies: Second-Generation Immigrant Children and their Educators

Journal of Education Culture and Society ◽

10.15503/jecs20141.320.333 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 320-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adéla Souralová

Keyword(s):

Second Generation ◽

Educational Institution ◽

Immigrant Children ◽

Educational Process ◽

Educational Strategies ◽

Future Expectations ◽

Generation Immigrant ◽

The Moment

Many second-generation Vietnamese immigrant children in the Czech Republic are brought up by Czech nannies. While their parents are incorporated into the labour market in order to provide their children with suffi cient economic capital for their education, the role of caregivers is relinquished to nannies. Both parents and nannies become important actors in the children’s educational process, from the stage of acquiring fi rst words, through primary school, to the moment they are admitted into university. This paper analyses the roles of parents and nannies in this educational process. It draws upon 60 interviews conducted with fi rst-generation immigrant mothers, second-generation immigrants, and Czech nannies. The perspective of all three actors are presented here in order to reveal the interviewee’s understanding of the role of education in the parent-child and nanny-child relationships. How is education manifested in the defi nitions of parenting and caregiving? The paper illuminates the educational strategies taking place outside the educational institution as being an inherent part of everyday life. Simultaneously, the article reveals the meanings of education for the immigrant families as being linked both to past experience and future expectations.

The Impact of Economic Complexity on the Formation of Environmental Culture

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13020870 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 870

Author(s):

Athanasios Lapatinas ◽

Anastasia Litina ◽

Skerdilajda Zanaj

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

Second Generation ◽

Environmental Attitudes ◽

Voluntary Work ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Economic Complexity ◽

Country Level ◽

Values And Beliefs ◽

This paper establishes economic complexity as a powerful predictor of environmental attitudes. While the economic complexity index (ECI) has been associated with a series of economic outcomes, yet there has not been a link in the literature between ECI and environmental attitudes. This research pushes forward the hypothesis that economic complexity shapes cultural values and beliefs. The research method used is a multilevel empirical analysis that associates aggregate values of the ECI, at the country level, with individual responses related to attitudes towards the environment. Our findings suggest that a marginal increase of the ECI, increases by 0.191 the probability to be a member of environmental organisations and an increase by 0.259 in the probability to engage in voluntary work for the environment. To further reinforce our findings by ensuring identification we replicate the benchmark analysis using as a proxy of a country’s level of economic complexity, the average ECI of the neighbouring countries (weighted by population and/or volume of trade). With a similar intention, i.e., to mitigate endogeneity concerns as well as to further frame our findings as “the cultural implications of ECI” we replicate our analysis with a sample of second generation immigrants. The immigrant analysis, suggests that the level of economic complexity of the parents’ country of origin, has a long-lasting effect on second generation immigrants’ attitudes related to the environment. Because humankind’s attitudes and actions are of key importance for a sustainable future, a better understanding as to what drives environmental attitudes appears critical both for researchers and policy makers.

Analyzing Educational Achievement Differences between Second-Generation Immigrants: Comparing Germany and German-Speaking Switzerland

German Economic Review ◽

10.1111/geer.12062 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 61-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Johannes S. Kunz

Keyword(s):

Test Score ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Educational Achievement ◽

Family Characteristics ◽

Score Distribution ◽

First Generation Immigrants ◽

German Speaking ◽

Abstract In this study, I provide evidence that the educational achievement of second- generation immigrants in German-speaking Switzerland is greater than in Germany. The impact of the first-generation immigrants’ destination decision on their offspring’s educational achievement seems to be much more important than has been recognized by the existing literature. I identify the test score gap between these students that cannot be explained by differences in individual and family characteristics. Moreover, I show how this gap evolves over the test score distribution and how the least favorably endowed students fare. My results suggest that the educational system of Switzerland, relative to the German system, enhances the performance of immigrants’ children substantially. This disparity is largest when conditioning on the language spoken at home, and prevails even when comparing only students whose parents migrated from the same country of origin.

Psychological well-being, multiple identities, and discrimination among first and second generation immigrant Muslims

Europe’s Journal of Psychology ◽

10.5964/ejop.v14i1.1434 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 66-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Cristina Giuliani ◽

Semira Tagliabue ◽

Camillo Regalia

Keyword(s):

Religious Identity ◽

Second Generation ◽

Perceived Discrimination ◽

Well Being ◽

Migration Decision ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Generation Immigrant ◽

Muslim Immigrants ◽

First And Second Generation ◽

Given the growing number of Muslim immigrants in Western countries, there is a need for research focusing on their psychological well-being and correlates. The present study investigated whether perceived discrimination is associated with depression and satisfaction with migration through the mediating role of several identity dimensions (ethnic, national, and religious) among 204 first and second generation adult Muslim immigrants living in Italy. They participated in structured interviews, and a multi-group path analysis model was conducted using Mplus. While the impact of perceived discrimination on psychological well-being was modest for first generation Muslims, in the case of second generation Muslims perceived discrimination was directly associated with lower psychological well-being (higher depression and lower satisfaction with the migration decision) and indirectly associated with satisfaction with migration through the mediation of national and religious identity. The higher the levels of discrimination that second generation Muslims perceived, the weaker their national (host country) identity and the greater their religious identification. In turn, national and religious identities were associated with respectively higher and lower levels of satisfaction regarding their migration decision. The findings showed clear differences between first and second generation immigrant groups, revealing that perceived discrimination represents an obstacle to integration processes more for second generation immigrants than for first generations.

Ascertainment Bias in a Historic Cohort Study of Residents in an Asbestos Manufacturing Community

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052211 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2211

Author(s):

Jeremy D. Wortzel ◽

Douglas J. Wiebe ◽

Shabnam Elahi ◽

Atu Agawu ◽

Frances K. Barg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Asbestos Exposure ◽

Ascertainment Bias ◽

P Value ◽

First Generation Immigrants ◽

The Impact ◽

Historic Cohort ◽

Death Data

This paper describes follow-up for a cohort of 4530 residents living in the asbestos manufacturing community of Ambler, PA, U.S. in 1930. Using re-identified census data, cause and date of death data obtained from the genealogic website Ancestry.com, along with geospatial analysis, we explored relationships among demographic characteristics, occupational, paraoccupational and environmental asbestos exposures. We identified death data for 2430/4530 individuals. Exposure differed significantly according to race, gender, age, and recency of immigration to the U.S. Notably, there was a significant difference in the availability of year of death information for non-white vs. white individuals (odds ratio (OR) = 0.62 p-value < 0.001), females (OR = 0.53, p-value < 0.001), first-generation immigrants (OR = 0.67, p-value = 0.001), second-generation immigrants (OR = 0.31, p-value < 0.001) vs. non-immigrants, individuals aged less than 20 (OR = 0.31 p-value < 0.001) and individuals aged 20 to 59 (OR = 0.63, p-value < 0.001) vs. older individuals. Similarly, the cause of death was less often available for non-white individuals (OR = 0.42, p-value <0.001), first-generation immigrants and (OR = 0.71, p-value = 0.009), second-generation immigrants (OR = 0.49, p-value < 0.001), individuals aged less than 20 (OR = 0.028 p-value < 0.001), and individuals aged 20 to 59 (OR = 0.26, p-value < 0.001). These results identified ascertainment bias that is important to consider in analyses that investigate occupational, para-occupational and environmental asbestos exposure as risk factors for mortality in this historic cohort. While this study attempts to describe methods for assessing itemized asbestos exposure profiles for a community in 1930 using Ancestry.com and other publicly accessible databases, it also highlights how historic cohort studies likely underestimate the impact of asbestos exposure on vulnerable populations. Future work will aim to assess mortality patterns in this cohort.

Immigrants’ Confidence in the Police: An Examination of Generational and Ethnic Differences in the United States

International Criminal Justice Review ◽

10.1177/1057567719883930 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 156-174

Author(s):

Sungil Han ◽

Ha-Neul Yim ◽

Richard Hernandez ◽

Jon Maskály

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

The United States ◽

Policy Implications ◽

World Value Survey ◽

First Generation Immigrants ◽

As the number of immigrants in the United States grows, the importance of their confidence in the police cannot be understated. This article simultaneously examines the impact of both generational and ethnic differences among immigrants on their confidence in the police. Using a sample of U.S. residents from the World Value Survey (Wave 6, N = 2,232), the results suggest that first-generation immigrants have less confidence in the police than both nonimmigrants and second-generation immigrants. The results also suggest a generational and ethnic effect with second-generation immigrants of Hispanic/Latino origin reporting a lower level of confidence in the police than other ethnic immigrant groups. The importance of these findings is discussed in light of both scholarly and policy implications.

"What Do You Expect? That We All Dance and Be Happy?" Second-Generation Immigrants and Germany's 1999 Citizenship Reform

German Politics & Society ◽

10.3167/gps.2012.300105 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 71-85

Author(s):

Sandra Bucerius

Keyword(s):

Opposite Effect ◽

Legal Status ◽

Second Generation ◽

Young Men ◽

Citizenship Rights ◽

Generation Immigrant ◽

Significant Difference ◽

National Citizenship ◽

Citizenship Norms

Based on a five-year ethnography, this article looks at Germany's citizenship reform of 1999 from the perspective of a population that is often at the center of attention: second generation immigrant drug dealers. While the reform had the potential to make a significant difference for this group, with respect to both their legal status in the country and perception of Germany, the findings of this article show that the reform did not have such an impact. On the contrary, the reform seems to have had the opposite effect, alienating the young men even more from Germany by keeping citizenship out of reach for them. While some have argued that in the light of supranational citizenship norms and the discourse of citizenship rights as human rights, national citizenship becomes increasingly unimportant as new forms of post-national citizenship gradually emerge, this does not seem to hold true for the young men of this study.

Mood disorders in first- and second-generation immigrants: Systematic review and meta-analysis

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.116.181107 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 210 (3) ◽

pp. 182-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Irina Mindlis ◽

Paolo Boffetta

Keyword(s):

Mood Disorders ◽

Second Generation ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Generation Immigrant ◽

The Difference ◽

Summary Relative Risk ◽

First And Second Generation

BackgroundAlthough there are consistent reports of higher psychosis rates among immigrants, the information on mood disorders is limited.AimsTo review and quantify the difference in incidence of mood disorders in first- and second-generation immigrant (FGI and SGI) groupsv.non-immigrants.MethodPubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO were searched for articles from cohort studies reporting incidence of mood disorders among FGIs and SGIs.ResultsEighteen studies met our inclusion criteria. The summary relative risk (RR) for FGIs was 1.25 (95% CI 1.11–1.41), based on 17 effect sizes and 6120 cases, and 1.16 (95% CI 0.96–1.40) for SGIs based on three effect sizes. Men seemed at higher risk (RR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.06–1.56).ConclusionsClinicians should view FGIs as a group at risk of mood disorders, especially men. Further research is needed to understand immigrants' risk, especially in SGI.

Conduct Disorder in Immigrant Children and Adolescents: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Sweden

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182010643 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (20) ◽

pp. 10643

Author(s):

Mehdi Osooli ◽

Henrik Ohlsson ◽

Jan Sundquist ◽

Kristina Sundquist

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Conduct Disorder ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Second Generation ◽

Immigrant Children ◽

Foreign Born ◽

Adjusted Risk ◽

Generation Immigrant ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Introduction. Conduct disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis characterized by repetitive and persistent norm-breaking behavior. This study aimed to compare the risk of conduct disorder between first- and second-generation immigrant children and adolescents and their native controls. Methods. In this nationwide, open-cohort study from Sweden, participants were born 1987–2010, aged 4–16 years at baseline, and were living in the country for at least one year during the follow-up period between 2001 and 2015. The sample included 1,902,526 and 805,450 children-adolescents with native and immigrant backgrounds, respectively. Data on the conduct disorder diagnoses were retrieved through the National Patient Register. We estimated the incidence of conduct disorder and calculated adjusted Hazard Ratios. Results. Overall, the adjusted risk of conduct disorder was lower among first-generation immigrants and most second-generation immigrant groups compared with natives (both males and females). However, second-generation immigrants with a Swedish-born mother and a foreign-born father had a higher risk of conduct disorder than natives. Similar results were found for sub-diagnoses of conduct disorder. Conclusions. The higher risk of conduct disorder among second-generation immigrants with a Swedish-born mother and the lower risk among most of the other immigrant groups warrants special attention and an investigation of potential underlying mechanisms.

Multiple frames of success: how second-generation immigrants experience educational support and belonging in higher education

Higher Education ◽

10.1007/s10734-019-00447-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 79 (5) ◽

pp. 921-937

Author(s):

Julia Orupabo ◽

Ida Drange ◽

Bente Abrahamsen

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Second Generation ◽

Educational Achievement ◽

Frame Of Reference ◽

Dual Frame ◽

Cultural Resources ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Abstract This article explores the impact of cultural resources on success and aspirations among second-generation immigrants in higher education in Norway. We investigate whether and how cultural resources are converted into advantages in higher education. The data consist of cross-sectional survey data and in-depth interviews with Norwegian students of immigrant origin. The quantitative analysis challenges the assumption that minority students receive extra support and encouragement from their social environment to guide them through higher education. However, regarding identity, cultural resources may provide a buffer from the exclusion and risks scholars have described as common among non-immigrant working-class students in higher education. We specify how culture works through two different frames of interpreting educational achievement: (1) a dual frame of reference, i.e. comparing their achievements with the poorer conditions in their parents’ home countries fosters optimism and (2) a single frame of reference, i.e. comparing their achievements with their peers with ethnic majority background in Norway fosters pessimism. Yet, both frames generate high educational commitment. Whilst the first enables the students to view their place in higher education as almost given, the second enables the students to work harder in order to prove themselves and combat under-expectations.