Kedudukan dan Peran Manusia dalam Alam:  Tanggapan atas Kritik Al Gore terhadap Arne Naess

This article explains Moltmann’s doctrine of ecology as applied by ecotheologians to address the ecological crisis. Ecotheology is highlighted as a critical role-player in the harmonisation of theology and ecology. The role of ecotheology is defined within the ecological crisis in South Africa. The emergence of ecotheology assists scholars to balance and maintain a stable and theologically sensible mode of stewardship, taking a command from the perichoretical example for us to dwell together with God and creation as partners towards creation fulfilment. Moltmann’s response to ecological abuse is to provide a Trinitarian theology of the environment that encompasses creation, redemption and anthropology. His theology of the environment attempts to widen its eschatological focus by stressing that humanity and the environment are being redeemed in the coming of God’s Kingdom. Moltmann’s trinitarian theology, especially from the perichoretical inter-relationship of the triune God, pneumatological application in creation, and humanity’s pivotal position and role are all elaborated to support ecological understanding. Humanity as imago Dei are encouraged to move from the traditional view of dominating the earth towards that of becoming partners with God in the eschatological replenishment of the earth. Humans need to take a gigantic leap of acquiring knowledge of the trinitarian creation model suggested by Moltmann’s ecological doctrine i.e. God-Creation-Humanity. Human beings must find out what their God-given meaning for the creation is, and when they have done so, their sense of responsibility will be ignited.

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Our Faith in Creation, God’s Faith in Humanity: Edward Schillebeeckx and Pope Francis on Human Transcendence and an Anthropocentric Cosmos

Theological Studies ◽

10.1177/0040563919874511 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 845-863

Author(s):

Daniel Minch

Keyword(s):

Ecological Crisis ◽

Human Beings ◽

Pope Francis ◽

Proper Role ◽

Edward Schillebeeckx ◽

Theological Foundation

Edward Schillebeeckx’s theology of creation can serve as a foundation for authentic Christian self-understanding in relation to the ecological crisis. Schillebeeckx provides a Thomistic view of humanity and creation as both autonomous and “given” from God. Schillebeeckx’s anthropocentric “creation faith” and nuanced view of secularization provide a way of preserving the uniqueness of humanity without devaluing nature. Structural parallels with Pope Francis’s Laudato Si’ are developed in order to provide a fundamental-theological foundation for determining the proper role of human beings in relation to creation.

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El parecer de Agustín del amor como gracia, en la controversia con Juliano de Eclana

Augustinus ◽

10.5840/augustinus201762244/2457 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 125-142

Author(s):

Mathijs Lamberigts ◽

Keyword(s):

Free Will ◽

Decisive Factor ◽

Human Beings ◽

Divine Love ◽

Pelagian Controversy

During the Pelagian controversy, the precise relation between grace and free will was an important issue. Augustine emphasized the priority of grace over human beings’ free will after the Fall. Pelagians such as Julian of Aeclanum were of the opinion that such view annihilated human beings’ free will. Throughout history, time and again, scholars belonging to different schools and denominations have discussed this issue at length. In this article, we concentrate on Augustine’s view on love as grace during his debate with Julian. We argue that one should broaden the scope of this question and pay attention to the role of divine love as an important and decisive factor with regard to the proper activity of grace in the redemption and liberation of human beings. Thinking the relation between human beings and God in terms of love is a help in order to overcome the unfruitful grace-freewill antinomy. In fact, such approach does justice to both the Scriptural sources of Augustine’s position and the bishop’s spiritual view on the topic under consideration.

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The Royal Institution in Ancient Iran

Asian Social Science ◽

10.5539/ass.v12n10p71 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Jafar Aghazadeh ◽

Hasan Mohammadi

Keyword(s):

Analytical Method ◽

Human Being ◽

Human Beings ◽

Main Obstacle ◽

Ordinary Life ◽

The Earth ◽

Royal Institution ◽

History Of ◽

The Creation ◽

The Right

In the thoughts and beliefs of Iranians, kingdom has had a history of the creation of human beings on the earth. Accordingly, Iranians believe that the first creature and human being on the earth was the first king of Iran. Iranians connects the history of their mythical royal dynasties to the creation of humanity. For Iranians, the mythical kings of Iran are the creators of the royal institution and the functions and duties of the royal institution have been established, developed and transferred to next generations by the measures of these kings. The objective of the present study is to investigate the establishment of the royal institution and the development of royal institution in ancient Iran by a descriptive-analytical method. The findings indicate that Iranians had specific sacredness for their kings and called the first creature of Ahura Mazda as the King. In addition, they believed that kings should perform particular tasks whose formation was attributed to the mythical kings of Iran. Further, they believed that only those persons had the right of being a king who were from the race of kings and were approved by Ahura Mazda. to examine Lessing’s elucidation of authentic knowledge in Shikasta. The methodology appropriated in the paper entails depiction of visible world as an illusion of the Real pointed in Plato’s allegory of Cave and Nagarjuna’s Mundane Truth. We clarify emotion as the main motivator of such illusionary status stressed in both Plato and Nagarjuna’s thoughts. We argue that while the importance of reason and eradicating emotion cannot be ignored, what adjoins people to Truth is mindfulness and intuitive knowledge which is close to Nagarjuna’s non-dual patterns. By examining ordinary life as the illusion of Real, and emotion as the main obstacle to achieve the Truth emphasized in both Nagarjuna and Plato’s trends, we depart from other critics who undermine the eminence of essentialist trace in Lessing’s works and examine her approach towards Truth merely under postmodern lens. This departure is significant since we clarify while essentialism has been abandoned to a large extent and supporters of Plato have become scarce, amalgamation of his thoughts with spiritual trends opens a fresh way to earn authenticity in Lessing’s novel.

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REKONTRUKSI ECORELIGIUS ORANG MELAYU Solusi Penyelamatan Lingkungan

Al-Fikra : Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman ◽

10.24014/af.v16i1.3649 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Husni Thamrin, M.Si

Keyword(s):

Indigenous People ◽

Environmental Ethics ◽

Deep Ecology ◽

Ecological Crisis ◽

Human Being ◽

The People ◽

Traditional Societies ◽

The Times ◽

The Universe

Anthropocentric paradigm has distanced humans from nature, as well as causing the humans themselves become exploitative in attitude and do not really care about the nature. In relation, ecological crisis also can be seen as caused by mechanistic-reductionistic-dualistic of Cartesian science. The perspective of anthropocentric is corrected by biocentrism and ecocentrism ethics, particularly Deep Ecology, to re-look at the nature as an ethical community. The concept of ecoculture is already practiced from the beginning by indigenous or traditional societies in elsewhere. The perspective of the human being as an integral part of the nature, and the behaviour of full of resposibility, full of respect and care about the sustainability of all life in the universe have become perspectives and behaviours of various traditional people. The majority of local wisdom in the maintenance of the environment is still surviving in the midst of shifting currents waves by a pressure of anthropocentric perspective. There is also in a crisis because a pressure of the influences of a modernization. While others, drifting and eroding in the modernization and the anthropocentric perspective.In that context, ecoculture, particularly Deep Ecology, support for leaving the anthropocentric perspective, and when a holistic life perspective asks for leaving the anthropocentric perspective, the humans are invited to go back to thelocal wisdom, the old wisdom of the indigenous people. in other words, environmental ethics is to urge and invite the people to go back to the ethics of the indigenous people that are still relevant with the times. The essence of this perspective is back to the nature, back to his true identity as an ecological human in the ecoreligion perspective.

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The Risk, the Real, and the Impossibility of Life

Threat Mitigation and Detection of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism Activities - Advances in Information Security, Privacy, and Ethics ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-1938-6.ch007 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 163-177

Author(s):

Maximiliano Emanuel Korstanje

Keyword(s):

Free Will ◽

Ethical Dilemma ◽

Human Beings ◽

The Real ◽

The Matrix ◽

Liberal Thought

The discourse of the Matrix not only wakes up philosophy from the slumber they are, but reflects the rise of fears which are proper of a culture, that manipulates anxieties to fix policies otherwise would be rejected. Basically, Neo is subject to an ethical dilemma which means that we are free to make the decision to live in a fake without suffering or in “the real of the dessert” as Morpheus put it. At this extent, if technology is used to protect humankind, Matrix evinces under some circumstances, it can oppress human beings when they renounce to their “free-will”. This chapter not only explored the limitations of the society of risks within liberal thought but taking into consideration the role of authenticity serves ideologically to legitimate suffering. Indeed, accepting to live as Neo did, may lead to oppression or liberation.

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Transdisciplinarni pristup u razmatranju odnosa znanost — teologija

Obnovljeni život ◽

10.31337/oz.74.3.8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 399-412

Author(s):

Krešimir Cerovac

Keyword(s):

Round Table ◽

Natural Sciences ◽

Human Being ◽

Human Beings ◽

Transdisciplinary Approach ◽

Material World ◽

Theology And Science ◽

Points Of View ◽

Modes Of Thought

There are many reasons why a partnership dialogue between theology (religion) and the natural sciences is needed. However, first and foremost this must be a conversation between one human being and another regarding the most important of human interests. The most effective way to approach complex issues and problems in the dialogue between theology and science is the transdisciplinary approach. Transdisciplinarity can solve prob lems which cannot be resolved by separate attempts. This approach can connect different modes of thought, that is, thought beginning with different points of view on the material world or religion. The transdisciplinary approach takes on the role of mediator, which demands at the “round table” that which unites human beings on a universal human level. This is a new, challenging and demanding approach which requires researchers to leave their own field of interest and strive to learn about other fields. The transdisciplinary approach, as “critical rationality” and a new way of thinking, opposed to classical and reductive rationalism, emphasizing objectivity, is based on controlled conflict–induced paradoxes. Transdisciplinarity creates a new quality — which is not an arithmetic sum of individual disciplines — and enables articulation, i.e. a link between two, at first glance, controversial disciplinary modes of thought.

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Pragmatic Humanism and the Posthumanist Challenge: Between Biocentrism and the New Human Being

Contemporary Pragmatism ◽

10.1163/18758185-01701005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 70-84

Author(s):

Ana Honnacker

Keyword(s):

Human Nature ◽

William James ◽

Viable Alternative ◽

Political Agency ◽

Human Being ◽

Human Beings ◽

Human Capabilities ◽

Human Potentials

Humanism is charged with fostering a harmful anthropocentrism that has led to the exploitation of non-human beings and the environment. Posthumanist and transhumanist ideas prominently aim at rethinking our self-understanding and human-nature relations. Yet these approaches turn out to be flawed when it comes to addressing the challenges of the “age of the humanity”, the Anthropocene. Whereas posthumanism fails in acknowledging the exceptional role of human beings with regard to political agency and responsibility, transhumanism overemphasizes human capabilities of controlling nature and only deepens the human-nature dualism. Therefore, a critical and humble version of humanism is suggested as a viable alternative. Drawing on pragmatist thinkers William James and F.C.S. Schiller, a resource for de-centering the human being is provided that critically reflects our role in the larger ecosystem and underlines human potentials as well as human responsibilities.

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دلالة الكتاب والسنة على إشباع نقص الحاجات النفسية The evidence in Qur’an and Prophetic Sunnah in accomplishing self-requirements.

10.47798/awuj.2020.i59.06 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. Journal Title (arabic)-Journal Title (Enlgish)

Author(s):

Mohmmad Ibrahim Abu-Jreiban ◽

Rakan Essa Alkayed

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Human Beings ◽

Human Needs ◽

Muslim Scholars

هدفت الدراسة التعرف على دور أهم الدلالات الشرعية، الدالة على إشباع نقص الحاجات النفسية عند الإنسان؛ وبخاصة حاجته للأمن والطمأنينة، واتبعت في ذلك المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والاستنباطي؛ منطلقة من تحليل الآيات القرآنية، والأحاديث النبوية التي تتعلق بهذا الجانب؛ كأصلين من أصول الشريعة الإسلامية، كما بينت نتائج الدراسة أهمية إشباع الحاجات عند علماء النفس؛ تلك القضية التي ركز عليها الشاطبي في أبحاثه، والتي أطلق عليها اسم مقاصد الشريعة، وقسمها لثلاثة أقسام: الضروريات، والحاجيات، والتحسينيات. كما أشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى بعض الاستنتاجات والتوصيات؛ منها ما يتعلق بالسبق العلمي لعلماء المسلمين الذين هداهم البحث العلمي إلى التوصل لكثير من الآراء العلمية التي عرفها علماء النفس فيما بعد؛ كماسلو وموراي وأريكسون وماكليلاند وغيرهم، كما أوصت الدراسة بمزيد من الأبحاث للكشف عن مدى صلة علم المقاصد الشرعية بحاجات الإنسان الضرورية. This study aims at identifying the role of the most important Sharia indicators that show satisfaction of the psychological needs effciency in the human beings, especially for safety and security. It followed the descriptive, analytical and hypothetical methods, starting from analyzing Quranic Verses and prophetic Hadith related to this matter as the pillars of the fundamentals of Islamic Sharia. The results of the study showed the importance of fulflling those needs according to Psychologists. This issue has been highlighted by Al-Shattibi in his researches. He called it the Principles of Sharia. He divided it into three parts; the necessities, the needs and the improvements. The results have also come to some conclusion and recommendations. Some of them are related to Muslim scholars who were the frst to highlight those scientifc facts that psychiatrists like Maslow, Ericson, McClelland and others discovered later. This study recommends more researches to discover the connection between Sharia Principles and human needs. Key words: Self-requirements, Intentions, Qur’an and Prophetic Sunnah

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دلالة الكتاب والسنة على إشباع نقص الحاجات النفسية The evidence in Qur’an and Prophetic Sunnah in accomplishing self-requirements

10.47798/awuj.2019.i58.06 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. Journal Title (arabic)-Journal Title (Enlgish)

Author(s):

Mohmmad Ibrahim Saleem Abu-Jreiban ◽

Rakan Essa Alkayed

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Human Beings ◽

Human Needs ◽

Muslim Scholars

هدفت الدراسة التعرف على دور أهم الدلالات الشرعية، الدالة على إشباع نقص الحاجات النفسية عند الإنسان؛ وبخاصة حاجته للأمن والطمأنينة، واتبعت في ذلك المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والاستنباطي؛ منطلقة من تحليل الآيات القرآنية، والأحاديث النبوية التي تتعلق بهذا الجانب؛ كأصلين من أصول الشريعة الإسلامية، كما بينت نتائج الدراسة أهمية إشباع الحاجات عند علماء النفس؛ تلك القضية التي ركز عليها الشاطبي في أبحاثه، والتي أطلق عليها اسم مقاصد الشريعة، وقسمها لثلاثة أقسام: الضروريات، والحاجيات، والتحسينيات. كما أشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى بعض الاستنتاجات والتوصيات؛ منها ما يتعلق بالسبق العلمي لعلماء المسلمين الذين هداهم البحث العلمي إلى التوصل لكثير من الآراء العلمية التي عرفها علماء النفس فيما بعد؛ كماسلو وموراي وأريكسون وماكليلاند وغيرهم، كما أوصت الدراسة بمزيد من الأبحاث للكشف عن مدى صلة علم المقاصد الشرعية بحاجات الإنسان الضرورية. This study aims at identifying the role of the most important Sharia indicators that show satisfaction of the psychological needs effciency in the human beings, especially for safety and security. It followed the descriptive, analytical and hypothetical methods, starting from analyzing Quranic Verses and prophetic Hadith related to this matter as the pillars of the fundamentals of Islamic Sharia. The results of the study showed the importance of fulflling those needs according to Psychologists. This issue has been highlighted by Al-Shattibi in his researches. He called it the Principles of Sharia. He divided it into three parts; the necessities, the needs and the improvements. The results have also come to some conclusion and recommendations. Some of them are related to Muslim scholars who were the frst to highlight those scientifc facts that psychiatrists like Maslow, Ericson, McClelland and others discovered later. This study recommends more researches to discover the connection between Sharia Principles and human needs. Key words: Self-requirements, Intentions, Qur’an and Prophetic Sunnah

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