Effect of montmorillonite clay content on ac conductivity and impedance of Epoxy-based nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi ◽  
Nijagal Marulaiah Renukappa ◽  
Kunigal N. Shivakumar ◽  
Siddaramaiah
Keyword(s):  
Ac Conductivity ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay

Behaviour of compacted fine-grained soil in a brine environment

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. D. Ridley ◽  
J. K. Bewtra ◽  
J. A. McCorquodale
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Solution Composition ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Brine Environment

The hydraulic conductivity and engineering properties of compacted fine-grained soils change with time when exposed to a 30% NaCl brine environment. The hydraulic conductivity of brine was found to be greater than that of water in soils where the dominant clay mineral was montmorillonite, whereas a soil rich in illite and kaolinite was virtually insensitive to variations in solution composition. Increases in brine hydraulic conductivities were most pronounced in soils high in montmorillonite where sodium was the dominant adsorbed ion. They demonstrated the most labile hydraulic conductivities. Fine-grained soils, high in montmorillonite clay content, were prone to alteration in engineering properties when soaked in a 30% NaCl brine. However, brine soaking had little effect on soils rich in illite–kaolinite.

Highly Transparent Flexible Clay Film with Organized Polymer

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Xiao Bi Deng ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Lin Ping Zhang ◽  
Yi Zhong ◽  
Zhi Ping Mao
Keyword(s):  
Clay Content ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Optical Transparency ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Aqueous Dispersions

A series of clay-based nanocomposite films were prepared by casting aqueous dispersions of exfoliated montmorillonite clay mixed with various loadings of water-soluble organic polymer. The clay films with a nacre-mimicking structure exhibited excellent flexibility and optical transparency even for high clay content (93 wt%).

THE EFFECT OF FIBER REINFORCEMENT ON FRACTURE TOUGHNESS ASSESSMENT OF NANOCLAY FILLED POLYMER COMPOSITES

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (09) ◽  
pp. 1950050 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ARULMURUGAN ◽  
N. VENKATESHWARAN
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Crack Size ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Polyester Matrix

This paper represents the nanomechanical properties of various loading levels of montmorillonite clay filled polyester composites and randomly distributed jute fiber reinforced hybrid composites through Vickers micro-hardness test. The study of indentation fracture mechanics in polymer materials is a simple and cost-effective technique for the determination of fracture toughness. Ultrasonication technique was used to disperse the clay in the polyester matrix. The hand layup method was adapted to prepare the test specimens. Incorporation of 5[Formula: see text]wt.% montmorillonite clay into the polymer matrix results in an enhancement in hardness of 26.52% and the modulus of elasticity increased from 4205.21[Formula: see text]MPa for neat polyester to 5051.46[Formula: see text]MPa with the addition of clay. Fracture toughness was observed to depend on the montmorillonite clay content, and the maximum value was observed at 5[Formula: see text]wt.% nanoclay and 25[Formula: see text]wt.% jute fibers. The results show that the increase in the fiber content reduces the crack propagation in hybrid composites and increases the fracture toughness. To predict the crack size, the scanning electron microscope images are used.

Influence of Clay Content in Membrane Morphology of Polymer Polyamide 6.6/Montmorillonite Clay

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Rodrigues Kojuch ◽  
Keila Machado de Medeiros ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araújo ◽  
Hélio de Lucena Lira
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Membrane Morphology ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Polyamide 6.6 ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mineral Fillers

Membranes can be defined as a barrier that separates two phases and is widely applied in industrial separation processes. The development of membrane separation processes (PSM) has the major advantage of phase change without separation of components, besides selectivity and simplicity of operation. The addition of mineral fillers in polymers is intended for the cost reduction and increase in rigidity of the materials. When these loads have sizes of nanometric dimensions, this system is called nanocomposites, which exhibit improved properties compared to the pure polymers or conventional composites. Microporous membranes were obtained from polyamide 6.6 nanocomposites of varying amounts of regional montmorillonite clay through the immersion-precipitation process. In general, the membranes showed a filter skin, which contains very small pores and a porous layer, with variations in microstructure, detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Synthesis, Characterization and Electrical Conductivity Measurements of Polypyrrole/ Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

2012 ◽  
Vol 585 ◽  
pp. 228-232
Author(s):  
Priyanka Parmar ◽  
Pragyesh Agrawal ◽  
Rakesh Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Ac Conductivity ◽  
Interplanar Spacing ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Ac Conductivities ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Clay Layers ◽  
Mmt Clay ◽  
Percentage Ratio

The effects of varying weight percentage ratio of polypyrrole /montmorillonite clay (PPy/MMT) on the DC and AC conductivities are reported. The PPy/MMT nanocomposites were characterized by using the X-ray diffraction, FTIR and SEM techniques. The presence of sharp peaks is observed in the XRD spectra of PPy/MMT composites which suggest the development of more polycrystalline structure. The sharp peaks observed in the XRD spectra of for pure MMT clay is found to be shifting to lower angle with decreasing MMT clay percentages in the PPy. The slight shifting of the peaks confirms that the PPy chains are intercalating into the MMT clay layers. The interplanar spacing (d-spacing) for various composites has been calculated and reported. The successful incorporation of montmorillonite clay in the prepared PPy/MMT clay composites is confirmed by the FTIR spectra. The SEM micrographs exhibit a dense and more ordered structure of PPy/MMT composites. The DC conductivity is initially found to increase in the range 0 to 1% of MMT and thereby, it decreases upto 10 % MMT. The increasing conductivity is again observed from 10 to 15 % of MMT beyond which the conductivity decreases upto 25% of MMT. The AC conductivity of the PPy/MMT nanocompsites has also been measured in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz. The AC conductivity is found to be almost constant upto 104 Hz and it is found to rise rapidly thereafter. The variation of conductivity has been explained on the basis of formation of layered structures.

Energetic relationships for crushing of soil clods

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
István Patay ◽  
Virág Sándor
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Rigid Support ◽  
Soil Plasticity ◽  
Specific Energy Requirement ◽  
The Relationship

Clod crushing is a principal problem with soils of high clay content. Therefore, there is a need for determining the conditions for clod breaking and clod crushing. The objective of the work was to develop a special purpose tool for single clod breaking both by rigid support of the clod and by a single clod supported by soil and to develop a machine for clod crushing. Furthermore, the purpose was to determine the relationship between the specific energy requirement for clod crushing in the function of soil plasticity and the soil moisture content by the means of the developed tool and machine. The main result of the experiments is summarized in a 3D diagram where the specific energy requirement for soil clod crushing is given in the function of the moisture content and the plasticity index for different clay soils.

Rapid assessment of clay content based on NMR-relaxometry results

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
A.V. Churkov ◽  
◽  
A.A. Rogozin ◽  
V.M. Yatsenko ◽  
T.S. Ignatieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Nmr Relaxometry

Reconciliation of Bulk and Local Analyses to Assess the Clay Content of a Sandstone

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Renaud ◽  
R. Szymanski ◽  
C. Durand
Keyword(s):  
Clay Content

A pilot web former designed to study retention-formation relationships

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Anna Svedberg ◽  
Tom Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Good Reproducibility ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Retention Aids ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A pilot-scale fourdrinier former has been developed for the purpose of investigating the relationship between retention and paper formation (features, retention aids, dosage points, etc.). The main objective of this publication was to present the R-F (Retention and formation)-machine and demonstrate some of its fields of applications. For a fine paper stock (90% hardwood and 10% softwood) with addition of 25% filler (based on total solids content), the relationship between retention and formation was investigated for a microparticulate retention aid (cationic polyacrylamide together with anionic montmorillonite clay). The retention-formation relationship of the retention aid system was investigated after choosing standardized machine operating conditions (e.g. the jet-to-wire speed ratio). As expected, the formation was impaired when the retention was increased. Since good reproducibility was attained, the R-F (Retention and formation)-machine was found to be a useful tool for studying the relationship between retention and paper formation.

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