scholarly journals Age peculiarities of spirometric indices within the juvenile period of ontogenesis

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Kyrychenko
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Young Men ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Forced Exhalation ◽  
Ventilation Of The Lungs

In the modern world, there are many causes (reducing the elasticity of the lungs, reducing bronchial tubes, reducing the strength of the respiratory muscles) that affect the parameters of external respiration. Knowledge of age, sexual and regional features of spirometric indicators helps to differentiate and detect the degree of disturbance of respiratory biomechanics and to choose effective treatments that are most appropriate for established violations. The purpose of the work is to establish the age-old peculiarities of the spirographic indexes of virtually healthy young men and women within the juvenile period of ontogenesis. We conducted a survey of 141 young women (from 16 to 20 years of age) and 154 young men (from 17 to 21 years) of adolescence. The spirographic study was conducted according to the generally accepted methodology of the American Association of Pulmonologists adopted in 1994 on the device Medgraphics Pulmonary Function System 1070 series. The analysis of the obtained results was carried out with the help of the license program "Statistica 5.5" using nonparametric methods of estimating indicators. The progressive age dynamics of the vital capacity, forced vital capacity, forced capacity of the lungs on the inhalation, volume exhalation velocity was detected in young women in 25% and 50% respectively of the forced vital capacity, the average expiration flow, the residual volume of exhalation and the forced inspiratory flow, respectively is 50% of exhalation from the forced vital capacity. In the last year (20 years) of the youthful period of ontogenesis in young women, the maximum arbitrary ventilation of the lungs is increased, the volume exhalation rate is 75%, and from 75% to 85% of exhalation from the forced vital capacity, the one-second volume of forced exhalation and maximal peak flow of exhalation. Within the juvenile period of ontogenesis in young men, the vital capacity of the lungs increases, the maximum arbitrary ventilation of the lungs and the maximum peak flow of exhalation. Only in the last year of the youthful period of ontogeny (21 years) in young men there is an increase in forced vital capacity, volume exhalation velocity, respectively, in 25% of the forced vital capacity, the residual volume of exhalation, one-second volume of forced exhalation was observed at the end.

scholarly journals Sexual features of spirometric indices within the juvenile period of ontogenesis

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Kyrychenko ◽  
L. A. Sarafyniuk ◽  
P. V. Sarafyniuk ◽  
O. I. Romanenko ◽  
G. B. Lischyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
General Group ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow

The factor of sexual dimorphism is dominant in the ontogenetic formation of various organs and systems, in particular the respiratory organs, whose morpho-functional indicators have significant sex differences. The aim of this work is to establish the sex characteristics of spirographic normative indices in practically healthy young men and young women within the juvenile ontogeny period. Spirographic examination of 109 young women of the ontogeny adolescence was performed, including: 17-year-olds – 29; 18-year-olds – 27; 19-year-olds – 25; 20-year-olds – 28 people and 124 young men, including: 17-year-olds – 28; 18-year-olds – 37; 19-year-olds – 27; 20-year-olds – 32 people. Spirographic examination was performed according to the method of the American Association of Pulmonologists (1995) on the device Medgraphics Pulmonary Function System 1070 series. The analysis of the obtained results was carried out with the help of the licensing program “Statistica 5.5” using non-parametric methods of estimation of indicators. It is established that the indicators of vital capacity of lungs, forced vital capacity, forced capacity of lungs on inhalation, maximal voluntary ventilation, forced expiratory flow rate respectively of 25 % of forced vital capacity, maximum peak expiratory flow, inspiratory capacity, expiratory reserve volume and one-second forced exhalation volume in young men each calendar year and the general group is significantly higher compared to the corresponding years of ontogeny in young women. The only spirometric indicator that is significantly higher for young women than for young men is the Tiffno Index. The revealed sex differences in the magnitude of spirometric parameters can be explained by the significant somatometric differences between the male and female body. Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that the vast majority of spirometric parameters in young men in all calendar periods of adolescence have higher rates than in young women. The most significant gender differences in the majority of spirometric parameters were identified in 18-year-olds.

scholarly journals Dependence of reactions of the external respiratory system in athletes on the orientation of the training process

Pathologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
S. M. Kanyhina ◽  
M. S. Potapenko ◽  
L. O. Kurilets
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Respiratory Volume

Issues of improving the functional training (different orientation of the training process) of athletes due the development of the respiratory system, including the respiratory system, as well as increasing the body's resistance to hypoxic stress remain extremely relevant at the present stage of sport development. The aim of the study is to investigate the peculiarities of the reaction of the external respiratory system in athletes, depending on the orientation of the training process. Materials and methods. The study involved 104 athletes (84 men and 20 women) skill level from CMS to IMS: 63 – athletes, who developed mainly endurance quality (triathletes, swimmers, long-distance runners, rowing), 31 – strength quality (weightlifters, powerlifting, weightlifting), 10 – speed quality (runners sprinters). The mean age of the athletes under study was 21.75 ± 3.32 years. Among them there are international masters of sports (IMS) – 2 athletes, masters of sports (MS) – 25, candidates for master of sports – 48, athletes of 1 degree – 29. Computer spirometric examination was performed for all athletes using the spirographic complex “Spirocom” produced by LLC “KHAI-Medica” in Kharkiv in accordance with existing recommendations. Research results. Analysis of computer spirometry showed, that athletes, who developed the quality of strength had 18.2 % (P = 0.014) greater vital capacity of the lungs, due to the predominance of respiratory volume by 29.9 % (P = 0.017) and by 42.1 % (P = 0.001) inspiratory reserve volume, but less by 22.4 % (P = 0.019) expiratory reserve volume, than athletes, who improved the quality of endurance. Athletes, who developed the quality of endurance in contrast to athletes, who improved the quality of speed had a higher forced vital capacity of the lungs by 14.9 % (P = 0.031), due to the predominance of a inspiratory reserve volume by 9.8 % (P = 0.049) and expiratory reserve volume by 28.5 % (P = 0.044). Athletes, who improved the quality of speed had lower vital capacity of the lungs by 26.1 % (P = 0.003), forced vital capacity of the lungs by 20.2 % (P = 0.016), due to a decrease of inspiratory reserve volume by 34.2 % (P = 0.008), than athletes, who improved the quality of strength. Athletes, who developed the quality of speed, had greater resistance to air flow in the bronchi of small caliber in the exhalation phase, as evidenced by a lower rate of forced expiratory volume1 by 21.1 % (P = 0.015), the volume of forced expiratory to reach the peak expiratory flow by 30.2 % (P = 0.016), MEF 75 by 22.9 % (P = 0.036), FEF 75–85 by 22.8 % (P = 0.035), than athletes, who developed the quality of strength. Conclusions Athletes, who have developed a quality of strength have a greater vital capacity of the lungs, due to the predominance of respiratory volume and inspiratory reserve volume, but less expiratory reserve volume, than in athletes, who improved the quality of endurance. Athletes, who developed endurance quality, in contrast to athletes, who improved the quality of speed, have a higher forced vital capacity of the lungs, due to the predominance of inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes. The function of external respiration of athletes, who improved the quality of speed is characterized by lower vital capacity of the lungs, forced vital capacity of the lungs, due to reduced inspiratory reserve volume, and greater resistance to airflow in the bronchi of small caliber in the expiratory phase, than in athletes, who developed the quality of strength.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EXTERNAL BREATHING PARAMETERS OF YOUNG ATHLETES IN CYCLIC SPORTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6(72) (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
N. S. Yarmolyuk ◽  
E. A. Biryukova ◽  
E. R. Dzheldubaeva ◽  
E. I. Nagaeva ◽  
Yu. O. Diagileva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Forced Exhalation ◽  
Group 10 ◽  
Ventilation Of The Lungs

At present, one of the main tasks of the state is to develop and improve the system of health protection and quality of life of the younger generation. In this regard, the search for simple non-invasive methods of monitoring the health of children, and especially young athletes at various stages of their competitive activity, is of great importance. It is known that the leading place among the factors influencing sports performance is occupied by a number of authors with the peculiarities of metabolic processes of sportsmen [1, 2], hemodynamics [3, 4], neuromuscular activation [5, 6], activity of the central nervous system [7, 8]. It has been shown that systematic repetition of dosed muscle load increases not only physical endurance in sportsmen but also their body resistance to hypoxia [4]. However, to date, the literature practically lacks data from complex controlled studies on the assessment of the functional state of the body in young athletes. At the same time, it should be noted that changes in the parameters of external respiration are one of the most important markers of medical and biological control of training, both for beginners and highly qualified sportsmen [9, 10]. In our opinion, studying the features of external respiration in athletes of cyclic sports of different orientation can be useful in building schemes, choosing modes and methods of their training process. In this connection, the purpose of the present research was the comparative characteristic of the external breathing system of young sportsmen of cyclic sports of orienteers and track-and-field athletes who are at the stage of a basic training mesocycle. The study was carried out with the participation of 20 young male and female athletes engaged in athletics and sports orientation. The 1st group (10 people) included athletes engaged in track and field athletics, athletes stewards (runners for 800–3000 meters, the average distance during training from 1500 to 4000 meters, pace – about 5 minutes per 1 km.), the 2nd group (10 people) – athletes engaged in orienteering (the average distance of running from 3000 to 6000 meters, pace – about 6–7 minutes per 1 km.). The age of athletes was within 13–15 years. The external breathing apparatus is most developed for orienteering athletes who have elements of staying load in the training process, with predominance of aerobic type of energy exchange, while for athletes-athletes the most characteristic was high power of forced exhalation and values of maximum ventilation of the lungs, which is due to a high degree of adaptation of these athletes to anaerobic load of high intensity. Young orienteering athletes recorded higher values in the «tranquil breathing» test as compared to track and field athletes. Thus, YEL on the average is 11.97 % (p<0.05) higher than in the group of track and field athletes, and the indicators of ROV – by 20.30 % (p<0.05) higher than the values obtained from volunteers involved in athletics. The probable mechanism of such differences may be that the efficiency of the training process of athletics athletes, in contrast to orienteers, is equally related to both anaerobic and aerobic types of energy exchange, and less dependent on the functioning of the external respiratory apparatus, which is reflected in the lower values of GEL and RO in these athletes, compared to young orienteering athletes, characterized by a greater contribution of aerobic type of energy exchange. In the tests «forced exhalation» and «maximum ventilation of the lungs» the orienteers registered lower values of the studied indices (FSEL in – by 17,08 % (p<0,05), OFV1 – by 24,84 % (p<0,05), ratio OFV1/FSEL – by 2,67 % (p<0,05), MVL – by 29,21 % (p<0,05) lower than in the group of athletes), which is due to a higher degree of formation of adaptation mechanisms of oxygen debt compensation at high intensity physical activity in comparison with orienteering sportsmen, whose training process is mostly connected with long medium intensity loads.

Evaluation of the VMM Turbine for Spirometry in the Applied Physiology Laboratory

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Donald F. Smith ◽  
David A. Cunningham ◽  
Donald H. Paterson ◽  
Peter A. Rechnitzer
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Applied Physiology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physiology Laboratory

The volume measurement module turbine (VMM) was evaluated in 51 subjects for spirometry in applied physiology against the Stead-Wells spirometer (SW) and Wright peak flow meter (WM). The volume and flow ranges (VMM) were, FEV1 1.32 to 3.94 L (mean 2.62, confidence interval [CI] 2.46 to 2.78); forced vital capacity (FVC) 1.97 to 5.06 L (mean 3.50, CI 3.29 to 3.71); and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) 290 to 624 L∙min−1 (mean 434, CI 407 to 461). The mean difference for FEV1 was 0.09 L (CI 0.05 to 0.14), FVC 0.04 L (CI −0.02 to 0.10), and PEFR 18.0 L min−1 (CI 8.7 to 27.3) less than SW or WM. Bias with FEV1 and FVC was not significant, though PEFR demonstrated a significant proportional error. The repeatability coefficients for FEV1 and FVC were 0.18 and 0.20, comparable to the SW; but for PEFR they were greater, 58.4 versus 33.8 L∙min−1 by WM. The VMM turbine is accurate and reliable for the measurement of FEV1 and FVC over the ranges studied; however, care should be taken when interpreting PEFR. Key words: lung volumes, FEV1 FVC

Trachea and lung dimensions in nonsmoking twins: morphological and functional studies

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kawakami ◽  
H. Kusaka ◽  
M. Nishimura ◽  
S. Abe
Keyword(s):  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Closing Volume ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Capacity Ratio ◽  
Expiratory Flow

To compare genetic and environmental factors that determine lung function and dimensions, chest radiographs and pulmonary function were measured in 17 pairs of nonsmoking twin adolescent boys (12 monozygotic pairs and 5 dizygotic pairs). Genetic factors dominated in tracheal width and lung dimensions (height, width, and apicofissural and fissurodiaphragmatic distances) at residual volume. Genetic factors also affected forced vital capacity, functional residual capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, maximum expiratory flow at 25% vital capacity, and maximum flow at 50% vital capacity-to-forced vital capacity ratio. Peak expiratory flow correlated with tracheal width at residual volume. Age correlated with lung dimensions (width and depth) but not with tracheal width. These results indicate that genetic factors determine the dimensions and function of central airways, peripheral airways, and lung parenchyma in adolescent males. The effects of genetic factors on some functional measurements (airway resistance, closing volume-to-vital capacity ratio, and phase III in single-breath N2 washout) may be masked because of poor reproducibility of the tests.

scholarly journals Effects of Chest Wall Restriction on Cough Peak Flow and Forced Vital Capacity

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-746
Author(s):  
Hideo KANEKO ◽  
Yuki IDERIHA ◽  
Nao KAWANAMI ◽  
Mami KAWANO ◽  
Yuki TANIGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Peak Flow
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document