COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EXTERNAL BREATHING PARAMETERS OF YOUNG ATHLETES IN CYCLIC SPORTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6(72) (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
N. S. Yarmolyuk ◽  
E. A. Biryukova ◽  
E. R. Dzheldubaeva ◽  
E. I. Nagaeva ◽  
Yu. O. Diagileva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Forced Exhalation ◽  
Group 10 ◽  
Ventilation Of The Lungs

At present, one of the main tasks of the state is to develop and improve the system of health protection and quality of life of the younger generation. In this regard, the search for simple non-invasive methods of monitoring the health of children, and especially young athletes at various stages of their competitive activity, is of great importance. It is known that the leading place among the factors influencing sports performance is occupied by a number of authors with the peculiarities of metabolic processes of sportsmen [1, 2], hemodynamics [3, 4], neuromuscular activation [5, 6], activity of the central nervous system [7, 8]. It has been shown that systematic repetition of dosed muscle load increases not only physical endurance in sportsmen but also their body resistance to hypoxia [4]. However, to date, the literature practically lacks data from complex controlled studies on the assessment of the functional state of the body in young athletes. At the same time, it should be noted that changes in the parameters of external respiration are one of the most important markers of medical and biological control of training, both for beginners and highly qualified sportsmen [9, 10]. In our opinion, studying the features of external respiration in athletes of cyclic sports of different orientation can be useful in building schemes, choosing modes and methods of their training process. In this connection, the purpose of the present research was the comparative characteristic of the external breathing system of young sportsmen of cyclic sports of orienteers and track-and-field athletes who are at the stage of a basic training mesocycle. The study was carried out with the participation of 20 young male and female athletes engaged in athletics and sports orientation. The 1st group (10 people) included athletes engaged in track and field athletics, athletes stewards (runners for 800–3000 meters, the average distance during training from 1500 to 4000 meters, pace – about 5 minutes per 1 km.), the 2nd group (10 people) – athletes engaged in orienteering (the average distance of running from 3000 to 6000 meters, pace – about 6–7 minutes per 1 km.). The age of athletes was within 13–15 years. The external breathing apparatus is most developed for orienteering athletes who have elements of staying load in the training process, with predominance of aerobic type of energy exchange, while for athletes-athletes the most characteristic was high power of forced exhalation and values of maximum ventilation of the lungs, which is due to a high degree of adaptation of these athletes to anaerobic load of high intensity. Young orienteering athletes recorded higher values in the «tranquil breathing» test as compared to track and field athletes. Thus, YEL on the average is 11.97 % (p<0.05) higher than in the group of track and field athletes, and the indicators of ROV – by 20.30 % (p<0.05) higher than the values obtained from volunteers involved in athletics. The probable mechanism of such differences may be that the efficiency of the training process of athletics athletes, in contrast to orienteers, is equally related to both anaerobic and aerobic types of energy exchange, and less dependent on the functioning of the external respiratory apparatus, which is reflected in the lower values of GEL and RO in these athletes, compared to young orienteering athletes, characterized by a greater contribution of aerobic type of energy exchange. In the tests «forced exhalation» and «maximum ventilation of the lungs» the orienteers registered lower values of the studied indices (FSEL in – by 17,08 % (p<0,05), OFV1 – by 24,84 % (p<0,05), ratio OFV1/FSEL – by 2,67 % (p<0,05), MVL – by 29,21 % (p<0,05) lower than in the group of athletes), which is due to a higher degree of formation of adaptation mechanisms of oxygen debt compensation at high intensity physical activity in comparison with orienteering sportsmen, whose training process is mostly connected with long medium intensity loads.

scholarly journals Age peculiarities of spirometric indices within the juvenile period of ontogenesis

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Kyrychenko
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Young Men ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Forced Exhalation ◽  
Ventilation Of The Lungs

In the modern world, there are many causes (reducing the elasticity of the lungs, reducing bronchial tubes, reducing the strength of the respiratory muscles) that affect the parameters of external respiration. Knowledge of age, sexual and regional features of spirometric indicators helps to differentiate and detect the degree of disturbance of respiratory biomechanics and to choose effective treatments that are most appropriate for established violations. The purpose of the work is to establish the age-old peculiarities of the spirographic indexes of virtually healthy young men and women within the juvenile period of ontogenesis. We conducted a survey of 141 young women (from 16 to 20 years of age) and 154 young men (from 17 to 21 years) of adolescence. The spirographic study was conducted according to the generally accepted methodology of the American Association of Pulmonologists adopted in 1994 on the device Medgraphics Pulmonary Function System 1070 series. The analysis of the obtained results was carried out with the help of the license program "Statistica 5.5" using nonparametric methods of estimating indicators. The progressive age dynamics of the vital capacity, forced vital capacity, forced capacity of the lungs on the inhalation, volume exhalation velocity was detected in young women in 25% and 50% respectively of the forced vital capacity, the average expiration flow, the residual volume of exhalation and the forced inspiratory flow, respectively is 50% of exhalation from the forced vital capacity. In the last year (20 years) of the youthful period of ontogenesis in young women, the maximum arbitrary ventilation of the lungs is increased, the volume exhalation rate is 75%, and from 75% to 85% of exhalation from the forced vital capacity, the one-second volume of forced exhalation and maximal peak flow of exhalation. Within the juvenile period of ontogenesis in young men, the vital capacity of the lungs increases, the maximum arbitrary ventilation of the lungs and the maximum peak flow of exhalation. Only in the last year of the youthful period of ontogeny (21 years) in young men there is an increase in forced vital capacity, volume exhalation velocity, respectively, in 25% of the forced vital capacity, the residual volume of exhalation, one-second volume of forced exhalation was observed at the end.

scholarly journals Risk of occurence and prophylaxis of bronchospasm in representatives of athletic kinds of sports

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (91) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
V. P. Khomyshyn ◽  
A. O. Solomonko ◽  
O. O. Novytskyy ◽  
O. B. Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Leukocytic Infiltration ◽  
Ventilation Of The Lungs ◽  
Intense Physical Activity

The problem of bronchospasm caused by physical activity is relevant both, in the sport of high achievements and for those who lead an active way of life. The high prevalence of BFL in the sport of high achievements is due to intense physical activity, the influence of climatic factors and the conditions of the training process. However, athletes who regularly do sports and have BFL, experience symptoms of obstruction all the time. Moreover, physical activity can provoke inflammation of the respiratory tract with the synthesis of cysteine leukotrienes, leukocytic infiltration of the mucosa and some other features. Mediators play an important role in the mechanisms of development of BFN. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes (LT) are the main factors that determine both severity and duration of symptoms of asthma. Cisteinil LT contribute to the development of bronchospasm, the greatest biological activity is characterized by LT C4, which is further transformed into a metabolite of LT E4 through the LT D4. A number of studies have found that the presence of clinical symptoms of difficult breathing, according to the results of the survey, is not a reliable indicator of BFN and requires objective confirmation in the form of an examination of the function of external respiration after exercise. It is known that athletes actively training with PFN there is a significant increase in the excretion of LT E4 and 9α, 11β-prostaglandin F2 in the urine, as well as the indicators of LT C4 and B4 in blood plasma after intense physical activity. In addition, physical activity has a powerful stimulating effect on cysteine luteum production, enhancing the expression of genes encoding the 5-lipoxygenase transformation pathway of arachidonic acid. 30% athletes of athletic sport show BFL availability. The exercise test should be conducted under certain conditions. During the test, a high level of ventilation of the lungs should be maintained. The use of load testing to detect bronchoconstriction induced by FN has a high predictive value. The article are presents the results of the study of respiratory system in athletes engaged in athletic sports (powerlifting, arm wrestling, weightlifting and weight training). We studied the parameters of spirometry and pneumothachometry in a state of rest, after the simulation of physical activity, as well as in the process of recovery. Using the analysis of the obtained indicators and their statistical processing, the probability of the occurrence of bronchospasm of physical activity was established, which may complicate the ventilation of the lungs. Preventive measures of the BFL from persons regularly engaged in sports are an important part of the training process. LFK complexes consist of daily aerobic workloads and follow-up breathing exercises. The criteria for the effectiveness of preventive measures are indicators of lungs function, level of physical capacity (PWC), optimization of ventilatory response to physical activity, reduction of bronchial reactivity. Methods of exercise therapy and respiratory gymnastics are directly relevant to improving the quality of life, and can act as a method of nonspecific therapy.

scholarly journals Competitive trait-anxiety and track and field: a study with young athletes

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Dante De Rose Junior ◽  
Esdras Guerreiro Vasconcellos
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Anxiety Test ◽  
Sport Competition

A ansiedade-traço competitiva (ATC) é uma característica psicológica relativamente estável onde o atleta percebe certos estímulos do meio competitivo como ameaçadores ou não e a eles responde com níveis variados de ansiedade-estado. A forma como o atleta interpreta esses estímulos pode variar de acordo com o tipo de esporte, idade e sexo. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de identificar os níveis de ansiedade-traço competitiva em atletas na faixa etária de 10 a 16 anos, praticantes de atletismo e compará-los em função de variáveis como o sexo e as diferentes faixas etárias. O estudo foi realizado com 81 meninos e 83 meninas divididos em três faixas etárias (até 12 anos; até 14 anos e até 16 anos), com participação em pelo menos, uma competição oficial. O instrumento utilizado foi o Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT). Os resultados mostraram que: as atletas tiveram níveis de ATC significantemente maiores que os meninos, principalmente na faixa etária de 14 a 16 anos; não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as diferentes faixas etárias dentro do mesmo sexo. Pode-se concluir que, apesar das diferenças estatisticamente significantes, os níveis de ATC podem ser considerados moderados, não diferindo de resultados de estudos realizados por outros autores no Brasil e também em outros países

scholarly journals The characteristic of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in athletes and untrained volunteers

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
V. V. Kologrivova ◽  
A. N. Zakharova ◽  
E. V. Pakhomova ◽  
V. N. Vasilyev ◽  
L. V. Kapilevich
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Vascular Disorders ◽  
Physical Exercises

It is shown that strength-training athletes and track and field athletes have endothelial dysfunction. The vascular endothelium activity is not related to the direction of physical exercises. At the same time, the dynamic physical exercise induces endothelium vasodilatation function in all groups. Apparently, it can be the adaptive response to regular high-intensity physical exercises. At the same time it is a risk factor for acute vascular disorders.

scholarly journals The Spatiotemporal Characteristics of 0–24-Goal Polo

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russ Best ◽  
Regan Standing
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Spatiotemporal Characteristics ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Mean Differences

Global positioning systems (GPS) have recently been shown to reliably quantify the spatiotemporal characteristics of Polo, with the physiological demands of Polo play at low- and high-goal levels also investigated. This study aims to describe the spatiotemporal demands of Polo across 0–24 goal levels. A player-worn GPS unit was used to quantify distance, speed and high-intensity activities performed. Data were divided into chukkas and five equine-based speed zones, grouped per cumulative player handicap and assessed using standardized mean differences. Average distance and speed per chukka increased in accordance with cumulative player handicap, with the magnitude of differences being trivial–large and trivial–very large, respectively. Differences between time spent in high-intensity speed zones (zones 4 and 5) show a linear increase in magnitude, when comparing 0 goal Polo to all other levels of play (Small–Very Large; 6–24 goals, respectively). High-intensity activities predominantly shared this trend, displaying trivial–large differences between levels. These findings highlight increased cardiovascular, anaerobic and speed based physiological demands on Polo ponies as playing level increases. Strategies such as high-intensity interval training, maximal speed work and aerobic conditioning may be warranted to facilitate this development and improve pony welfare and performance.

scholarly journals The training process: Planning for strength–power training in track and field. Part 1: Theoretical aspects

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad H. DeWeese ◽  
Guy Hornsby ◽  
Meg Stone ◽  
Michael H. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Process Planning ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Training Process

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOCCER INITIATION IN ANDERLECHT - BELGIUM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Augusto Leite Figueira
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Experience Report ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Football Club ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methodological Aspects

Introduction: RSC Anderlecht, a Belgian club, was founded in 1908 and headquartered in Anderlecht, a municipality in the Brussels region (Capital of Belgium) and is the most successful football club in that country. In its formation, Anderlecht became a legend far beyond the Belgian borders. Objective: To describe and disseminate the methodological paths used in the practice of soccer, in grassroots categories in RSC Anderlecht - Belgium. Method: This study was a descriptive experience report. Discussion: At Anderlecht, the training process for young athletes comes close to an active methodology, where physical, technical and tactical activities are always linked to cognitive issues, always seeking to develop the intelligence and creativity of these individuals. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a dynamic and transversal methodology within the RSC Anderlecht, which seeks at the end of each cycle an evaluation, re-planning and redirection of all methodology that follows in an institution that values the initiation and development process of the individual in soccer. This means always seeking to update based on the evolution of methodological and pedagogical theories, finding answers and seeking new questions.

scholarly journals RELEVANCE OF THE INTRODUCTION OF FITNESS-AEROBICS IN THE TRAINING PROCESS OF YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Kirillova ◽  
◽  
A.Y. Pashchenko ◽  
M.G. Zhalbe ◽  
L.A. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Harmonious Development ◽  
Moral Qualities ◽  
Motor Actions

The direction of fitness aerobics contributes to the harmonious development of the child, the improvement of physical, intellectual, mental, as well as spiritual and moral qualities. When training movements, young players acquire the knowledge necessary for their conscious motor activity, gain experience in their implementation, including creative. In the process of learning motor actions in young athletes developed the need to improve their own nature, they create the prerequisites for the implementation of their own individuality. Mastering a variety of fitness aerobics complexes, engaged in the opportunity to improve, as well as they have formed a deeper interest and love to practice in the football section.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of formation of physical preparedness of athletes in athletics

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
V.I. Bobrovnick ◽  
M.L. Tkachenko ◽  
D.S. Danyluk ◽  
S.G. Lytvynenko
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Training Process ◽  
World Championship ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
And Training ◽  
Sydney Australia

In the training of all-round track and field athletes there are basically two ways to achieve high athletic performance. The first one is the improvement and development of those basic skills, to which the athlete is more predisposed (to speed, strength, etc.). The essence of the second one lies in the fact that it is aimed at equal improvement of all physical abilities for mastering the events included in decathlon and heptathlon (sprint events, jump events, speed-strength events and endurance events). The athletic performance rates of Ukrainian all-rounders, participating at these competitions, are 400-800 points behind. The best place of the Ukrainian athlete Olexiy Kasyanov at the World Championship 2009 was third with 8470 points, and the worst 23rd place was taken by Fedir Laukhin (7652 points) at the Olympic Games 2000 in Sydney (Australia). The irregular participation of Ukrainian all-round athletes in the main sports forums (Olympic Games and world championships) shows that the system of training decathletes in our country does not meet the expected standards. It is possible to distinguish many reasons for such performances. In recent years they are associated with the fact that the leaders of decathletes traditionally don’t participate in the championships of Ukraine. So, all other athletes have no possibilities to compete with the strongest in this particular sport and to show their highest results. And this happens along with the absence of highly qualified coaches and conditions for the educational and training process.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document