scholarly journals Dependence of reactions of the external respiratory system in athletes on the orientation of the training process

Pathologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
S. M. Kanyhina ◽  
M. S. Potapenko ◽  
L. O. Kurilets
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Respiratory Volume

Issues of improving the functional training (different orientation of the training process) of athletes due the development of the respiratory system, including the respiratory system, as well as increasing the body's resistance to hypoxic stress remain extremely relevant at the present stage of sport development. The aim of the study is to investigate the peculiarities of the reaction of the external respiratory system in athletes, depending on the orientation of the training process. Materials and methods. The study involved 104 athletes (84 men and 20 women) skill level from CMS to IMS: 63 – athletes, who developed mainly endurance quality (triathletes, swimmers, long-distance runners, rowing), 31 – strength quality (weightlifters, powerlifting, weightlifting), 10 – speed quality (runners sprinters). The mean age of the athletes under study was 21.75 ± 3.32 years. Among them there are international masters of sports (IMS) – 2 athletes, masters of sports (MS) – 25, candidates for master of sports – 48, athletes of 1 degree – 29. Computer spirometric examination was performed for all athletes using the spirographic complex “Spirocom” produced by LLC “KHAI-Medica” in Kharkiv in accordance with existing recommendations. Research results. Analysis of computer spirometry showed, that athletes, who developed the quality of strength had 18.2 % (P = 0.014) greater vital capacity of the lungs, due to the predominance of respiratory volume by 29.9 % (P = 0.017) and by 42.1 % (P = 0.001) inspiratory reserve volume, but less by 22.4 % (P = 0.019) expiratory reserve volume, than athletes, who improved the quality of endurance. Athletes, who developed the quality of endurance in contrast to athletes, who improved the quality of speed had a higher forced vital capacity of the lungs by 14.9 % (P = 0.031), due to the predominance of a inspiratory reserve volume by 9.8 % (P = 0.049) and expiratory reserve volume by 28.5 % (P = 0.044). Athletes, who improved the quality of speed had lower vital capacity of the lungs by 26.1 % (P = 0.003), forced vital capacity of the lungs by 20.2 % (P = 0.016), due to a decrease of inspiratory reserve volume by 34.2 % (P = 0.008), than athletes, who improved the quality of strength. Athletes, who developed the quality of speed, had greater resistance to air flow in the bronchi of small caliber in the exhalation phase, as evidenced by a lower rate of forced expiratory volume1 by 21.1 % (P = 0.015), the volume of forced expiratory to reach the peak expiratory flow by 30.2 % (P = 0.016), MEF 75 by 22.9 % (P = 0.036), FEF 75–85 by 22.8 % (P = 0.035), than athletes, who developed the quality of strength. Conclusions Athletes, who have developed a quality of strength have a greater vital capacity of the lungs, due to the predominance of respiratory volume and inspiratory reserve volume, but less expiratory reserve volume, than in athletes, who improved the quality of endurance. Athletes, who developed endurance quality, in contrast to athletes, who improved the quality of speed, have a higher forced vital capacity of the lungs, due to the predominance of inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes. The function of external respiration of athletes, who improved the quality of speed is characterized by lower vital capacity of the lungs, forced vital capacity of the lungs, due to reduced inspiratory reserve volume, and greater resistance to airflow in the bronchi of small caliber in the expiratory phase, than in athletes, who developed the quality of strength.

scholarly journals ILD-specific health-related quality of life in systemic sclerosis-associated ILD compared with IPF

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000598
Author(s):  
Michael T Durheim ◽  
Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold ◽  
Tomas M Eagan ◽  
Arnt-Ove Hovden ◽  
May Brit Lund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

IntroductionIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) are fibrotic ILDs with divergent disease populations. Little is known about health-related quality of life (HRQL) in SSc-ILD relative to IPF.MethodsWe used the Kings Brief Interstitial Lung Disease Questionnaire (K-BILD) to compare HRQL in a cross-sectional study of 57 patients with IPF and 29 patients with SSc-ILD. Analysis of covariance was used to adjust for age, gender and lung function.ResultsThe unadjusted mean K-BILD score was 63.1 (95% CI 57.1 to 69.1) among patients with SSc-ILD, as compared with 54.7 (51.8–57.5) among those with IPF (p=0.005). However, this difference in HRQL was attenuated after adjustment for age, gender and lung function. In a multivariable model, only forced vital capacity was associated with K-BILD scores. K-BILD scores were correlated with both forced vital capacity and with other relevant HRQL measures, regardless of ILD diagnosis.DiscussionPatients with SSc-ILD may have better ILD-specific quality of life than patients with IPF, but this difference appears to be driven primarily by better lung function. These results underscore the impact of lung function on HRQL in fibrotic ILD and the utility of K-BILD to assess HRQL in SSc-ILD.

scholarly journals Catharsis – Philosophical and Spiritual Aspects of Long-Distance Running

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Marcel Nemec
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Running

Summary The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze the occurrence of cathartic states in a sample of long-distance runners. Data collected via questionnaires were used to evaluate quantitative variables complemented by heuristics while aiming at qualitatively categorize the areas of cathartic states in the context of philosophical and spiritual aspects of long-distance running. The study findings objectify philosophical and spiritual aspects affecting personalities of long-distance runners. The study findings have shown that catharsis represents a relevant philosophical and spiritual aspect affecting long-distance running. We assume that authentic experience of catharsis and its effects motivates runners to perform regular physical activity. The analysis of philosophical and spiritual aspects of long-distance running has revealed a multi-spectral holistic relevance based on the transfer affecting a specific way of life, spectrum of values, ethical personality traits, and also the quality of long-distance runners’ lives.

Forced Vital Capacity and Quality of Life: BOLD Study Cross-Sectional Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Bagkeris ◽  
Jaymini Patel ◽  
Christer Janson ◽  
Andre Amaral ◽  
Peter Burney
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals OR-025 Association study between Chinese excellent long-distance female athletes’ PGC-1β genetic polymorphism and aerobic capacity

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Jia ◽  
Chunyan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Capacity

Objective Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1β (PGC-1β) is mainly expressed in mitochondria-rich tissues, which involved in skeletal muscle mitochondrial biosynthesis and energy metabolism processes such as fatty acid transport and oxidation, hepatic gluconeogenesis. PGC-1β is Previous studies have shown that this genetic polymorphism is associated with the athletic ability of elite endurance athletes. Therefore, based on the previous research, the relationship between PGC-1β gene polymorphism and aerobic exercise ability of elite female long-distance runners was discussed to provide new effective indicators for athletes' selection of materials, and improve the accuracy and advancement of athletes' selection of materials. Methods 56 Chinese elite female long-distance runners were selected, and venous blood was extracted to analyze the gene polymorphism of specific gene locus. The subjects were tested for aerobic endurance index and lung function index, wherein the aerobic endurance index included maximum oxygen uptake, relative maximal oxygen uptake relative value, anaerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold relative value, and lung function indicators including vital capacity, Time lung capacity, minute ventilation and maximum ventilation . Subsequently, the cross-sectional association study method was used to analyze the association between four genotypes locus of PGC-1β including rs32579, rs2161257, rs1544744 and rs10783180 in 56 subjects. Results 1) All four polymorphic locus were tested by H-W balance, indicating that the subjects were representative of the population. 2) rs32579 locus: There were no significant differences in lung function indicators and aerobic exercise capacity between different genotype athletes. 3) rs2161257 locus: There were no significant differences in lung function indicators and aerobic exercise capacity between different genotype athletes. 4) rs1544744 locus: There were no significant differences in lung function indicators and aerobic exercise capacity between different genotype athletes. 5) rs10783180 locus: There is a significant difference in the relative values of anaerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold between different genotype athletes. The anaerobic threshold of AG genotype athletes was 2156.35±227.69 ml/min and the anaerobic threshold of athletes with GG genotype was 2143.41±217.30 ml/min. So the anaerobic threshold of AG genotype athletes was significantly greater than the anaerobic threshold of GG genotype athletes. The Anaerobic threshold relative value for AG genotype athletes was 50.99±3.99 ml/kg/min, while the anaerobic threshold relative value for athletes with GG genotype was 48.12±4.25 ml/kg/min. The anaerobic threshold relative value of AG genotype athletes was significantly greater than that of GG genotype athletes Other indicators showed no significant difference. Conclusions The rs10783180 polymorphism is associated with the athletic ability of elite endurance athletes. The population carrying AG genotype may have higher anaerobic threshold value and relative value of anaerobic threshold, which may become more excellent endurance athletes. Rs10783180 polymorphic locus AG genotype can be used as a molecular genetic marker to predict the relative value of anaerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold of Chinese Han women's long-distance runners in northern China.

A Mismatch Between Athlete Practice and Current Sports Nutrition Guidelines Among Elite Female and Male Middle- and Long-Distance Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida A. Heikura ◽  
Trent Stellingwerff ◽  
Antti A. Mero ◽  
Arja Leena Tuulia Uusitalo ◽  
Louise M. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Nutrition Guidelines ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
World Class ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Contemporary nutrition guidelines promote a variety of periodized and time-sensitive recommendations, but current information regarding the knowledge and practice of these strategies among world-class athletes is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate this theme by implementing a questionnaire on dietary periodization practices in national/international level female (n = 27) and male (n = 21) middle- and long-distance runners/race-walkers. The questionnaire aimed to gain information on between and within-day dietary choices, as well as timing of pre- and posttraining meals and practices of training with low or high carbohydrate (CHO) availability. Data are shown as percentage (%) of all athletes, with differences in responses between subgroups (sex or event) shown as Chi-square x2 when p < .05. Nearly two-thirds of all athletes reported that they aim to eat more food on, or after, hard training days. Most athletes said they focus on adequate fueling (96%) and adequate CHO and protein (PRO) recovery (87%) around key sessions. Twenty-six percent of athletes (11% of middle vs 42% of long-distance athletes [x2 (1, n = 46) = 4.308, p = .038, phi = 0.3])) reported to undertake training in the fasted state, while 11% said they periodically restrict CHO intake, with 30% ingesting CHO during training sessions. Our findings show that elite endurance athletes appear to execute pre- and post-key session nutrition recovery recommendations. However, very few athletes deliberately undertake some contemporary dietary periodization approaches, such as training in the fasted state or periodically restricting CHO intake. This study suggests mismatches between athlete practice and current and developing sports nutrition guidelines.

scholarly journals The legend of plantar neuropraxia in long-distance athletes

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
DS Kellogg ◽  
J Joslin
Keyword(s):  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sensory Deficits ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neurosensory Testing

Background. Legend has it that endurance athletes who develop plantar foot pain during long-distance running frequently experience an eventual relief of pain due to a transient neuropraxia brought on by continued activity.Objective. To evaluate the nature of this legend, we assessed long-distance runners for the presence of sensory deficits before and after completion of an ultramarathon, expecting to find an induced neuropraxia  and abnormal sensory results.Methods. Twenty-five adult participants of an ultramarathon were evaluated prior to their 50/100 km run and again upon completion of the race. Neurosensory testing was performed using a 10 g monofilament at 4 locations on each foot and a 128 Hz tuning fork at one location on each foot. The same techniques were used prior to, and at conclusion of the race.Results. We detected no neuropraxia or sensory deficits in any participant, despite reports by the same subjects that they had experienced the phenomenon during the race. While runners commonly report losing sensation in their feet during long runs, we were unable to demonstrate any sensory deficit with simple field-based testing.Conclusion. We believe that there is room for additional research to be performed using more sensitive means of neurosensory evaluation.

scholarly journals Sport Specialization in Middle- and High-School Long-Distance Runners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah C. Garcia ◽  
Jeffery A. Taylor-Haas ◽  
Mitchell J. Rauh ◽  
Michael D. Toland ◽  
David M. Bazett-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
High School ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Male And Female

Abstract Context: Previous reports suggest high-specialized adolescent athletes may be at a higher risk of injury, worse sleep quality, and lower sport enjoyment than low-specialized athletes. Currently, sport specialization literature is primarily composed of adolescent athletes from a variety of sports. However, it is unknown if the findings on sport specialization from predominantly non-running athletes are generalizable to adolescent long-distance runners. Objective: Compare injury history, running volume, quality of life, sleep habits, and running enjoyment among male and female middle- and high-school long-distance runners from different sport specialization levels. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Online survey. Participants: A total of 102 male (age=15.8±0.9 years) and 157 female (age=15.6±1.4 years) uninjured middle- and high-school athletes who participated in long-distance running activities (completion rate=50.7%). Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants were stratified by sex and sport specialization level (low, moderate, high). Group differences in self-reported running-related injuries, EQ-5D-Y quality of life, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index sleep quality, sleep duration, running habits, and running enjoyment were assessed. Results: High-specialized male and female middle- and high-school long-distance runners reported competing more months per year (p&lt;0.001), higher weekly run distance (p&lt;0.001), more runs per week (p&lt;0.001), higher average distance per run (p&lt;0.001), and higher running enjoyment (p&lt;0.001) than low-specialized runners. Males reported higher average weekly run distance (p=0.01), higher average distance per run (p=0.01), and better sleep quality (p=0.01) than females. No differences among sport specialization were found for running-related injuries (p=0.25), quality of life (p=0.07), sleep quality (p=0.19), or sleep duration (p=0.11) among male or female middle- and high-school runners. Conclusions: High-specialized male and female middle- and high-school long-distance runners reported higher running volumes and running enjoyment than low-specialized runners. However, high-specialized runners did not report a greater number of running-related injuries, lower quality of life, or lower sleep quality or duration as expected.

scholarly journals Analysis and characteristics of results, achieved by short-distance runners (100-200m) at the major competitive events in 1992-2019

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
V. Bobrovnick ◽  
M. Tkachenko ◽  
N. Krushinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The One

Ukrainian short-distance runners’ performances (men and women) at the Olympic Games and World Championships during the period of 1992 – 2019 have been analyzed. The dynamics of their results in 100-200m running was identified as well as the reasons for going behind world’s leading runners. Peculiarities of performing fairly precise movements at high speeds, specific character of showing speed in a sprint race and phases of acceleration and deceleration were characterized. This should be taken into consideration in the process of choosing major training exercises, improving speed abilities of athletes. The results of the Ukrainian sprinters show that the methodological component of the development of the speed quality used by the coaching staff was in the leading positions in Europe and in the world. The current level of training of Ukrainian short-distance runners leaves much to be desired for various reasons, one of which, in our opinion, is the main one - an increase in the unjustified intensification of short-distance runners training in the initial stages of the multi-year training process. This approach led to a decrease in normative results in sprint racing, as well as to the lack of purposeful methodological support and system of realization of accumulated knowledge on development and improvement of one of the basic physical abilities - quality of speed. At the present stage, this problem is a major one and requires a comprehensive study and training of the coaching staff to develop a better organization of the training process in sprint racing. These characteristics of sprint running give us the opportunity, on the one hand, to correctly evaluate the prospective indicators of the sprinter body (total body length, legs, their ratio, type of nervous system, etc.), and on the other - with high accuracy of adequacy to select the main training tools and methods of their application. that will improve the quality of speed and, as a consequence, increase the speed of running.

scholarly journals Responsiveness of The Countermovement Jump and Handgrip Strength to an Incremental Running Test in Endurance Athletes: Influence of Sex

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Felipe García-Pinillos ◽  
Pedro Delgado-Floody ◽  
Cristian Martínez-Salazar ◽  
Pedro Á. Latorre-Román
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Strength Performance

AbstractThe present study analyzed the acute effects of an incremental running test on countermovement jump (CMJ) and handgrip strength performance in endurance athletes, considering the effect of post-exercise recovery time and sex. Thirty-three recreationally trained long-distance runners, 20 men and 13 women, participated voluntarily in this study. The participants performed the Léger test, moreover, the CMJ and handgrip strength tests were carried out before and after the running test and during different stages of recovery (at the 1st min of recovery (posttest1), 5th min of recovery (posttest2), and 10th min of recovery (posttest3)). Two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant improvement in the CMJ (pre-posttest1,p= 0.001) and handgrip strength (pre-posttest2,p= 0.017) during recovery time. The Pearson’s Chi-2 test showed no significant relationship (p≥ 0.05) between sex and post-activation potentiation (PAP). A linear regression analysis pointed to heart rate recovery as a predictive factor of CMJ improvement (PAP). In conclusion, despite significant fatigue reached during the Léger test, the long-distance runners did not experience an impaired CMJ and handgrip strength performance, either men or women, achieving an improvement (PAP) in posttest conditions. The results obtained showed no significant relationship between sex and PAP. Moreover, significant effect of recovery after running at high intensity on CMJ performance and handgrip strength was found. Finally, the data suggest that PAP condition can be predicted by heart rate recovery in endurance runners.

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