scholarly journals Immunohistochemical features of expression and distribution of antibodies to thyroglobulin in the thyroid glands of newborn rats after prenatal exposure of dexamethasone

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
O.V. Fedosieieva ◽  
O.I. Pototska
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Thyroid Epithelium

In clinical practice, synthetic glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone, are used to accelerate fetal maturation in pregnant women at risk of preterm birth. Increasing the concentration of cortisol in humans and other mammals often causes structural and functional changes in fetal tissues, preparing it for childbirth and extrauterine life, but they can have long-term consequences in the structural organization of organs postnatally. Despite the large number of studies on the effect of glucocorticoids on the fetus, there are almost no data on the prenatal effect of dexamethasone on the processes of synthesis and resorption of thyroglobulin by thyroid thyrocytes in the postnatal period of life. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the immunohistochemical features of expression and distribution of antibodies to thyroglobulin in the thyroid glands of newborn rats in normal and after prenatal exposure to dexamethasone. The study material was the thyroid gland of Wistar rats aged 1 to 7 days of postnatal development (54 animals): I group - intact animals (norm); ІІ group - control, animals which were injected with 0.9% NaCl solution at a dose of 0.05 ml to each fetus on the 18th day of dated pregnancy; III group - experimental animals, which were administered a solution of dexamethasone at a dilution of 1:40 at a dose of 0.05 ml to each fetus on the 18th day of the date of pregnancy operatively during laparotomy, by intrauterine, transdermal subcutaneous injection into the interscapular area (Ukrainian patent №112288). Thyroglobulin Antibody (2H11) monoclonal antibodies: sc-51708 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. were used for immunohistochemical study. Photo documentation of the studied objects was performed using a “Primo Star” microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany) using an AxioCam camera using the Zeiss Zen program (2011). Analysis of micropreparations of thyroid glands of intact and control rats showed invariance of thyroglobulin synthesis and its accumulation, which was expressed by sufficient immunohistochemical expression of antibodies to thyroglobulin (ТgAb+). Prenatal administration of dexamethasone leads to intensification of the processes of morphological development of hormone-producing structures (follicles and follicular epithelium), production, resorption and iodination of thyroglobulin. This is evidenced by immunohistochemical studies found in 1-3 days of the neonatal period. It should be noted that on the 7th day of life the newborn was found intense changes in the structure of the parenchyma of the thyroid gland of animals of the experimental group: increased relative percentage of follicle cavity due to increased number of large and medium, some follicles had no resorption vacuoles which was accompanied by a slowdown in the excretion of hormones into the bloodstream and led to overstretching of the follicles and, as a consequence, to the flattening of the thyroid epithelium. Intrauterine administration of dexamethasone leads to prenatal acceleration of structure formation, folliculogenesis and enhancement of hormone-producing function, which is confirmed by the peculiarities of immunohistochemical expression of TgAb. By the end of the neonatal period in rats prenatally exposed to dexamethasone, the thyroid gland is depleted of compensatory-reactive internal reserves, which is morphologically and immunohistochemically manifested by signs of hypofunction and hypertrophy. Thus, detected in the thyroid glands of animals prenatally exposed to dexamethasone, aberration of cytoplasmic expression of ТgAb+, intensification of colloidal expression of ТgAb+, flattening of thyroid epithelium, and the absence of resorption vacuoles are signs of impaired hormone-forming function, which is the morphological basis for the development of hypofunctional states and requires further study.

scholarly journals RATIONALE FOR THE USE OF THERAPEUTIC AND PROPHYLACTIC COMPLEX TO PREVENT INTOLERANCE TO ACRYLATES IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERFUNCTION OF THE THYROID GLANDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (33) ◽  
pp. 266-276
Author(s):  
A. SEVBITOV ◽  
S. ZHAD KO ◽  
K. ERSHOV ◽  
V. BORISOV ◽  
S. MIRONOV
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Mixed Saliva ◽  
Medicinal Therapy ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

This investigation is devoted to the analysis of acrylic removable denture’s effect on the mucous and hard tissues of the oral cavity of patients with hyperthyroidism and, also, to rationale for application the curative and prophylactic range of measures based on the preparation “Endonorm” for precaution of events of intolerance of patients with mentioned pathology. Morphological and functional changes in the thyroid gland Note: This study is the continuation and expansion of a previously published study. Affect the general state of the human body, including tissues of the oral cavity, and these impairments usually manifest by the early loss of teeth due to caries and periodontal diseases. Oral manifestations of thyrotoxicosis include increased susceptibility to caries, periodontal disease, enlargement of extraglandular thyroid tissue, maxillary or mandibular osteoporosis, accelerated teething, and burning mouth syndrome. This problem in such patients, in particular, those suffering from hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, should be resolved by means of complex medicinal therapy to increase resistance and reduce the level of body sensitization. “Endonorm” is a mixture of dry vegetable extracts of white cinquefoil, prepared according to special technology, the main active component of the product is Albinin. Purpose of studying the indicators of trypsin-like activity of mixed saliva in patients with hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, whose dentures were manufactured by standard compression method, and by using proposed therapeutic and prophylactic measures. After the applying of removable dentures was defined, the increase of saliva’s enzyme activity on 17% as compared with indices, which was before the beginning of the prosthesis. It established that the proposed curative and prophylactic range of measures permits to prevent the risk of development of events of acrylate intolerance and to normalize the studied indices on 1 month after the prosthesis.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis of the thyroid gland of rats of the early period after the prenatal action of Dexamethasone

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
О. V. Fedosieieva
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Early Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Compensatory Response

Annotation. The aim of the study was to establish the features of the morphogenesis of the thyroid gland of rats at an early age of normal postnatal ontogenesis and after prenatal exposure to dexamethasone. The study material was the thyroid gland of rats (54 animals) of the Wistar line at the age of 1 to 14 days of postnatal development, which experimentally operatively, through the membrane, intrauterinely injected a solution of dexamethasone at a dose of 0.05 ml at a dilution of 1:40 on the 18th day of pregnancy; control group – 0.05 ml of 0.9% NaCl. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, azan, immunohistochemically (ki-67). Statistically used Student's parametric t-test, the normality of the distribution was checked using the Shapiro-Wilk test, the reliability is not less than 95%, the reliability at p<0.05. In animals experimentally prenatally exposed to dexamethasone for 1-3 days, the gland was more functionally excited: the number of resorption vacuoles in the colloid, which was dense, increased, but the height of thyrocytes was almost no different from the control. There were more colloid-type follicles with ki-67-positive cells. On the 7th day of postnatal life, the structure of the gland changed in the direction of increasing the manifestations of the process of blocking the excretion of thyroid hormones, but the synthesis and excretion of components into the follicle cavity was preserved. Follicles increased throughout the body. On the 11th day of postnatal life in the thyroid glands of animals prenatally exposed to dexamethasone, the number of microfollicles decreased, and the proportion of proliferating ki-67-positive cells in the follicle wall decreased insignificantly compared to the previous period, but compared to the control of proliferating cells was less than 1.8 times. On 14th day, the thyroid gland of experimental animals was characterized by a mosaic arrangement of large follicles with flattened thyrocytes. Thus, the morphogenesis of the thyroid gland by hypofunctional type after prenatal exposure to dexamethasone in young rats indicates an adaptogenic compensatory response and morpho-functional immaturity of the organ during this period, which may be the basis for provoking the preservation of such morphogenetic factors under the influence of stressors.

scholarly journals THE CULTURE OF WHOLE ORGANS

1937 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Okkels
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Prolonged Action ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Thyroid Epithelium ◽  
Stimulating Factor

1. Perfusion of isolated thyroid glands from rabbits, made refractory to the action of the thyro-stimulating factor from the hypophysis by repeated injections for 2 months, has shown that in this condition the thyroid epithelium responds to pituitary stimulation. 2. The serum from refractory rabbits does not neutralize completely the thyro-stimulating effect of anterior pituitary extract upon an isolated normal thyroid gland. 3. It is believed that tissues other than the thyroid play a rôle in bringing about the phenomena which have been described as refractoriness against a prolonged action of the thyro-stimulating pituitary factor.

Functional development and maturation of the rat thyroid gland in the foetal and newborn periods: an immunohistochemical study

1985 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Kawaoi ◽  
Minoru Tsuneda
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Immunohistochemical Detection ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Epithelium ◽  
Rat Thyroid Gland

Abstract. Immunohistochemical detection of T4, T3 and thyroglobulin (Tg) was undertaken in foetal and neonatal rat thyroid glands in an attempt to elucidate the functional development and maturation of the gland during these periods. Immunoreactive Tg first appeared in the cytoplasm of the immature thyroid epithelium on the 15th day of gestation, followed by the occurrence of T4 and T3 in the lumen of primitive follicles of the thyroid gland 2 days later. The stainability of Tg, T4 and T3 increased as the follicular structure became mature; however, no significant difference in staining patterns was observed during the perinatal periods.

Reversal of cardiomyopathy resulting from prenatal exposure to ethanol

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 716-717
Author(s):  
C. Uphoff ◽  
C. Nyquist-Battie
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Newborn Mice

Fetal Alcohol Syndrone (FAS) is a syndrome with characteristic abnormalities resulting from prenatal exposure to ethanol. In many children with FAS syndrome gross pathological changes in the heart are seen with septal defects the most prevalent abnormality recorded. Few studies in animal models have been performed on the effects of ethanol on heart development. In our laboratory, it has been observed that prenatal ethanol exposure of Swiss albino mice results in abnormal cardiac muscle ultrastructure when mice were examined at birth and compared to pairfed and normal controls. Fig. 1 is an example of the changes that are seen in the ethanol-exposed animals. These changes include enlarged mitochondria with loss of inner mitochondrial membrane integrity and loss of myofibrils. Morphometric analysis substantiated the presence of these alterations from normal cardiac ultrastructure. The present work was undertaken to determine if the pathological changes seen in the newborn mice prenatally exposed to ethanol could be reversed with age and abstinence.

Histological Study of Human Thyroid Gland Relative Proportion of Parenchyma and Stroma in Thyroid Glands of Bangladeshi People

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Md Enayet Ullah ◽  
Hasna Hena ◽  
Rubina Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Connective Tissue Sheath

Deep cervical fascia forms a connective tissue sheath around the thyroid gland. Delicate trabeculae and septa penetrate the gland indistinctly dividing the gland into lobes and lobules which in turn composed of follicles.1,2,3 These follicles are structural units of thyroid gland which varies greatly in size and shape.4 The number of follicles varies in different age groups. The study was carried out to see the percentage of area occupied by follicles in the stained section of thyroid glands in different age groups. The collected samples were grouped as A (3.5 – 20yrs), B (21- 40yrs) & C (41 – 78yrs). Percentage of area occupied by follicles was (58.55±10.72) in group A, (63.79±12.35) in group B + (63.39±8.29) in group C.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v1i2.13981 Update Dent. Coll. j. 2011: 1(2): 17-20

INHIBITION OF THYROGLOBULIN BIOSYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION BY EXCESS IODIDE. SYNERGISM WITH LITHIUM

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Radvila ◽  
R. Roost ◽  
H. Bürgi ◽  
H. Kohler ◽  
H. Studer
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Inhibit Protein Synthesis ◽  
Thyrotrophic Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Excess Iodide ◽  
Kidney Liver

ABSTRACT Lithium and excess iodide inhibit the release of thyroid hormone from preformed stores. We thus tested the hypothesis that this was due to an inhibition of thyroglobulin breakdown. Rats were pre-treated with propylthiouracil (PTU) for 3 weeks in order to deplete their thyroids of thyroglobulin. While the PTU was continued, lithium chloride (0.25 mEq./100 g weight) or potassium iodide (3 mg per rat) were injected every 12 h for 3 days. Thereafter the thyroglobulin content in thyroid gland homogenates was measured. PTU pre-treatment lowered the thyroglobulin content from 4.21 to 0.22 mg/100 mg gland. Lithium caused a marked re-accumulation of thyroglobulin to 0.60 mg/100 mg within 3 days. While iodide alone had only a borderline effect, it markedly potentiated the action of lithium and a combination of the two drugs increased the thyroglobulin content to 1.04 mg/100 mg. Thyroxine was injected into similarly pre-treated animals to suppress secretion of thyrotrophic hormone. This markedly inhibited the proteolysis of thyroglobulin and 1.3 mg/100 mg gland accumulated after 3 days. Excess iodide, given in addition to thyroxine, decreased the amount of thyroglobulin accumulated to 0.75 mg/100 mg gland. To study whether this could be explained by an inhibitory action of iodide on thyroglobulin biosynthesis, thyroid glands from animals treated with excess iodide were incubated in vitro in the presence of 0.2 mm iodide for 3 h. Iodide decreased the incorporation of radioactive leucine into total thyroidal protein and into thyroglobulin by 25 and 35 % respectively. Iodide did not inhibit protein synthesis in the kidney, liver or muscle tissue. Thus, large doses of iodide selectively inhibit thyroglobulin biosynthesis.

Infants Diagnosed with Athyreosis on Scintigraphy May Have a Gland Present on Ultrasound and Have Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Niamh McGrath ◽  
Colin Patrick Hawkes ◽  
Stephanie Ryan ◽  
Philip Mayne ◽  
Nuala Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Ultrasound ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Rule Out

Scintigraphy using technetium-99m (<sup>99m</sup>Tc) is the gold standard for imaging the thyroid gland in infants with congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) and is the most reliable method of diagnosing an ectopic thyroid gland. One of the limitations of scintigraphy is the possibility that no uptake is detected despite the presence of thyroid tissue, leading to the spurious diagnosis of athyreosis. Thyroid ultrasound is a useful adjunct to detect thyroid tissue in the absence of <sup>99m</sup>Tc uptake. <b><i>Aims:</i></b> We aimed to describe the incidence of sonographically detectable in situ thyroid glands in infants scintigraphically diagnosed with athyreosis using <sup>99m</sup>Tc and to describe the clinical characteristics and natural history in these infants. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The newborn screening records of all infants diagnosed with CHT between 2007 and 2016 were reviewed. Those diagnosed with CHT and athyreosis confirmed on scintigraphy were invited to attend a thyroid ultrasound. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 488 infants diagnosed with CHT during the study period, 18/73 (24.6%) infants with absent uptake on scintigraphy had thyroid tissue visualised on ultrasound (3 hypoplastic thyroid glands and 15 eutopic glands). The median serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration at diagnosis was significantly lower than that in infants with confirmed athyreosis (no gland on ultrasound and no uptake on scintigraphy) (74 vs. 270 mU/L), and median free T4 concentration at diagnosis was higher (11.9 vs. 3.9 pmol/L). Six of 10 (60%) infants with no uptake on scintigraphy but a eutopic gland on ultrasound had transient CHT. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Absent uptake on scintigraphy in infants with CHT does not rule out a eutopic gland, especially in infants with less elevated TSH concentrations. Clinically, adding thyroid ultrasound to the diagnostic evaluation of infants who have athyreosis on scintigraphy may avoid committing some infants with presumed athyreosis to lifelong levothyroxine treatment.

scholarly journals ENGLISH VERSION: AGE FEATURES OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE (131I) ABSORPTION BY RAT THYROID GLANDS IN CORRECTION OF THE DIETARY IODINE DEFICIENCY WITH ORGANIC IODINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
O.I. Ryabukha
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Organic Iodine ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Rat Thyroid

The structure of endocrine morbidity is characterized by a significant spread of thyroid pathology. The insufficient efficacy of inorganic iodine drugs poses the problem of search for new means for iodine deficiency treatment and prevention. Given the progressive aging of the population in economically developed countries, the purpose of the study was to clarify the effect of organic iodine on the features of absorption and elimination of radioactive iodine from the thyroid glands of variously aged rats in the conditions of iodine deficiency in the diet. The study was performed on nonlinear white male rats in two series of studies that were kept on iodine-deficient isocaloric starch-casein diet for 60 days: the first series included two groups of old rats weighing 0.400-0.450 kg, the second series – two groups of sexually immature rats weighing 0.060-0.090 kg. There were 5 rats in each group. In animals of the experimental groups in each series, 10% of casein in the diet was replaced with organic iodine, which came with iodine-protein preparation from the red Black Sea algae Phyllophora nervosa. The functional state of the thyroid gland was studied using the Sodium Iodide Na 131 I Injection drug. The dosimetry was performed using the STS-6 Geiger-Muller Detector. Radioindication of the thyroid gland was carried out after subcutaneous administration of 0.1 ml of 131I solution at the following time intervals: 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after administration of 131I. The study results were presented as a percentage of the radioiodine dose administered, adjusted for natural radioactivity background and the radioactive decay of the drug. It was found that in the iodine deficiency conditions, the thyroid glands of old rats have higher rates of radioiodine absorption and a lower rate of its excretion than the glands of immature rats, which indicates their lower iodine reserve and greater liability to iodine deficiency pathology. Intake of organic iodine regardless of the rats’ age is accompanied by a decrease in radioiodine accumulation and acceleration of its excretion from the thyroid gland, which indicates a decrease in functional stress, but the glands of older rats absorb more iodine and excrete it more slowly, indicating less effective correction of iodine deficiency with age. Reduced functional activity of the thyroid glands in old rats can be used as a sensitive changes marker for the in-depth study of thyrotropic and thyroid disrupting effects.

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