scholarly journals Discrepant Fertility in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 83-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelita Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Laura L. R. Wong ◽  
Paula Miranda-Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
The Ideal

Two distinct groups with respect to realization of reproductive preferences coexist in Brazil: women who have more children than they would like and women whose reproductive period result in fewer children than they thought ideal. There is discrepant fertility in both cases. This study aims to enhance knowledge about this phenomenon by analyzing the discrepant fertility according to socio-demographic variables, especially for women who have fewer children than they desire and thus have a negative discrepant fertility (NDF). This study uses data from the National Demographic and Health Surveys for Women and Children from 1996 and 2006. The results show an increasing trend in NDF associated with fewer children, higher educational attainment, older age at first childbirth, and less time available to achieve the ideal number of children.

Fertility norms and son preference in Morocco and Tunisia: does women's status matter?

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Women's Status ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Women’S Status ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Using Data

SummaryThis paper investigates the normative and behavioural dimensions of son preference in Morocco and Tunisia, using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys of the two countries. It considers three measures of son preference: (1) mothers' ideal number of children, and any preference for having more sons than daughters; (2) the desire for additional children, given their existing family; (3) reported use of contraception in relation to the existing number of children of each sex. The analyses indicate a moderate preference for sons in both countries, and suggest that this preference is somewhat stronger in Tunisia. These findings are interpreted within the cultural context of the two countries, and in particular societal notions of women's status.

scholarly journals The Influence of Household Income, Education, Gender on Fertility Willingness in Contemporary China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Ordinary Least Square Regression ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey ◽  
The Ideal

Why does the birthrate in China continuously decline? Why are Chinese people unwilling to have children now even after the One-Child Policy has been abandoned? I propose that the government policy was not the single crucial factor affecting the reduction of births in China. Household income, education, and gender also may have played a role. I use the 2015 Chinese General Social Survey to analyze the relationships between these three factors and the ideal number of children. The sample size of this subset is 2,373. Ordinary least square regression reveals that the ideal number of children increases as household income increases, while increasing education reduces the ideal number of children. Gender of potential parents does not have an effect on predicting the ideal number of children. The findings support the effects of household income and education on fertility willingness but reject that of gender. This study contributes to a sociological perspective on the demography of China. It suggests from an institutional perspective which factors would need to be changed to increase individuals’ fertility willingness.

scholarly journals Ideal Fertility in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Hajiieh Bibi Razeghi Nasrabad ◽  
Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Cochran Test ◽  
The Ideal

Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate the mean ideal number of children and to determine the overall prevalence of childlessness, one child, two children, as well as three children and more as the ideal number of children in Iran. Further, the study investigated the effect size of the relationship between social factors and ideal fertility. Materials and Methods: To this end, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on all studies on ideal fertility that were published from January 2000 to February 2018. Totally, 37 qualified papers and two national surveys were selected with a total sample size of 37,079 women. The degree of correlation between the ideal fertility and variables was calculated using Spearman’s correlation, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and r by using MedCalc 17 software. Results: The pooled mean ideal fertility by the random effect was 2.25 in Iran. The results of the Cochran test and I2 statistics showed considerable heterogeneity regarding the prevalence of the ideal number of children (Q=1722.0911, P<0.0001, and I2 =97.62%). In addition, the proportions of childlessness, 1 child, 2 children, along with 3 children and more as the ideal parity were 0.83, 15.99, 56.092, and 22.26, respectively. The pooled correlation coefficients demonstrated that age, actual fertility, and the economic costs of children are the most important predictors of ideal fertility. Conclusions: Despite the differences in the actual fertility level in different regions of Iran, two children is the the predominant pattern of the number of desired children. This result implies a convergence of fertility ideals in Iran. If desirable conditions for childbearing are provided, fertility could be maintained at the replacement level.

scholarly journals Determinants Of Fertility And Fertility Preferences In Pakistan: Comparative Secondary Analysis Of PDHS 2007-2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Aisha Jalil ◽  
Rubeena Zakar ◽  
Ahmed Usman ◽  
Aaisha Amjad
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Reproductive History ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Fertility Preferences ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Social Demographics

Fertility rate is on gradual decline in Pakistan like other developing countries with increased acceptance of family planning methods. Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys revealed a slow decline from 4.1 in 2007 to 3.8 children per woman in 2013. Despite availability of nationally representative primary data, empirical researches on demographic and health determinants of fertility and fertility preferences in Pakistan are rare. The aim of this study is to assess the major differences in factors determining fertility and fertility preferences in Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006- 2007 and 2012-2013. Using two data sets Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006-2007 and 2012-2013, researchers conducted a comparison of findings generated in secondary analyses. Researchers studied the association of social demographics, reproductive history and infant mortality with fertility and fertility preferences among ever-married women of reproductive age (15-49). Results are indicated using binary logistic regression and multivariate analysis. Findings support the association of social demographics of women, living sons, child mortality and reproductive history with ideal number of children; desire to reproduce more and number of living children. Injection induced labour pains, C-section deliveries, fistula problem, abortions and spotting during gestation are associated significantly with lower ideal number of children. Living sons are positively associated with ideal number of children and negatively associated with desire to reproduce more. The desire to reproduce more in association with women’s age 15-29, rural place of residence and C-section deliveries has reduced over time from 2007 to 2013 in country. Complications during pregnancies and delivery are important determinants of fertility and fertility preferences among women. Further research is needed to assess the association of pregnancy and delivery problems with fertility and fertility preferences in Pakistan.

Public perceptions of the ideal number of children for contemporary families

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten K. West ◽  
Leslie A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
The Ideal

scholarly journals Gender Inequalities and Fertility in Morocco: Measuring Women’s Empowerment and Impact on the Ideal Number of Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 325-350
Author(s):  
Chaimae Drioui ◽  
◽  
Fatima Bakass ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Fertility Preferences ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
The Ideal

In Morocco, access to rights for women has strengthened over the decades. Their social status has significantly improved. This study aims to measure women’s empowerment, particularly in the domestic sphere and in relation to spouses, and its effect on women’s fertility preferences. Women’s empowerment is estimated following a similar approach to constructing the SWPER composite index, which is based on several dimensions such as education, decision-making, and attitude towards domestic violence as proposed in the literature. An empirical examination of empowerment’s impact on fertility preferences, measured by the ideal number of children, was conducted using a generalized Poisson regression model. The data are from two surveys, the 2003-2004 Population and Family Health Survey and the 2011 National Population and Family Health Survey. The results corroborate women’s empowerment in reducing the ideal number of children through independence from traditional social norms, increased bargaining power, and communication within the couple. Women’s access to educational resources appears to be a key factor, especially when it comes to fertility planning, as well as the rejection of male violence.

MEASURING THE IMPACT OF CHILD MARRIAGE ON TOTAL FERTILITY: A STUDY FOR FIFTEEN COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adenike Onagoruwa ◽  
Quentin Wodon
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Number Of Births

SummaryChild marriage has significant negative impacts, not only for girls, but also for a range of development outcomes. This study aimed to assess, in a more detailed way than done so far, the magnitude of the relationship between child marriage and total fertility in multiple countries representing diverse settings. Data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys in the fifteen countries of interest were used. Analysis was restricted to a subsample of women aged 35–49 years in order to capture completed fertility. Poisson regression was conducted to estimate the impact of each additional year of early marriage on the total number of births women have, controlling for selected sociodemographic characteristics. Counterfactual analyses were carried out to estimate the reduction in the number of children that women would have over their lifetime in the absence of child marriage. Controlling for socioeconomic and other characteristics, girls who marry as children have more children over their lifetime than women marrying after the age of 18. Nationally, across fifteen countries, the reduction in total fertility from ending child marriage ranges from 0.24 to 1.06 children per woman. The simulated change in total fertility that would result from ending child marriage tends to be higher in countries that have a higher incidence of child marriage.

scholarly journals Fertility intentions and influential factors in Dalian urban city ---A cross-sectional study based on Universal Two-child policy in China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Qiu ◽  
Qun Zhang ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Yangjie Ren ◽  
Xujuan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Fertility Intention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractBackgroundIn October, 2015, Chinese government announced that one-child policy had finally been replaced by a universal two-child policy. However, the effects of new policy may be far less than expected. So we conducted this research to explore potential influential factors of fertility intention.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted and a self-administered questionnaire was designed for collecting socio-demographic information, future fertility intention and influential factors of individual reproductive behavior. The analyses were performed using the SPSS 19.0 statistical software package.ResultsA total of 1370 respondents were interviewed. Our research indicated that the mean ideal number of children was only 1.73 and urban respondents’ sex preference was symmetrical preference. 79.1% (884) married people had the first child already, only 7.6% (71) respondents had two children. Among 1370 participants, 30.4% respondents stated that they would have a second child; while 69.6% respondents refused to have two children in future (just wanted only a child). Binary logistic regression analysis (model 1) showed that female, older age, lower education lever, birth place was Dalian, lower family income, the ideal number of children were associated with having 1 child in the future. Model 2 (only respondents with childbearing experience) showed that female, lower family income, couldn’t get additional financial support from parents were more likely refused to have two children; in additional, the ideal number of children and childbearing experience were significantly influences on future fertility intention.ConclusionFertility intention and reproductive behavior still below replacement in Dalian city. Our results suggest that several factors (including socioeconomic characteristics, economic factors, desired number of child, childbearing experience) have distinctive effects on fertility intention.

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