Public perceptions of the ideal number of children for contemporary families

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten K. West ◽  
Leslie A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
The Ideal

scholarly journals The Influence of Household Income, Education, Gender on Fertility Willingness in Contemporary China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Ordinary Least Square Regression ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey ◽  
The Ideal

Why does the birthrate in China continuously decline? Why are Chinese people unwilling to have children now even after the One-Child Policy has been abandoned? I propose that the government policy was not the single crucial factor affecting the reduction of births in China. Household income, education, and gender also may have played a role. I use the 2015 Chinese General Social Survey to analyze the relationships between these three factors and the ideal number of children. The sample size of this subset is 2,373. Ordinary least square regression reveals that the ideal number of children increases as household income increases, while increasing education reduces the ideal number of children. Gender of potential parents does not have an effect on predicting the ideal number of children. The findings support the effects of household income and education on fertility willingness but reject that of gender. This study contributes to a sociological perspective on the demography of China. It suggests from an institutional perspective which factors would need to be changed to increase individuals’ fertility willingness.

scholarly journals Ideal Fertility in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Hajiieh Bibi Razeghi Nasrabad ◽  
Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Cochran Test ◽  
The Ideal

Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate the mean ideal number of children and to determine the overall prevalence of childlessness, one child, two children, as well as three children and more as the ideal number of children in Iran. Further, the study investigated the effect size of the relationship between social factors and ideal fertility. Materials and Methods: To this end, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on all studies on ideal fertility that were published from January 2000 to February 2018. Totally, 37 qualified papers and two national surveys were selected with a total sample size of 37,079 women. The degree of correlation between the ideal fertility and variables was calculated using Spearman’s correlation, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and r by using MedCalc 17 software. Results: The pooled mean ideal fertility by the random effect was 2.25 in Iran. The results of the Cochran test and I2 statistics showed considerable heterogeneity regarding the prevalence of the ideal number of children (Q=1722.0911, P<0.0001, and I2 =97.62%). In addition, the proportions of childlessness, 1 child, 2 children, along with 3 children and more as the ideal parity were 0.83, 15.99, 56.092, and 22.26, respectively. The pooled correlation coefficients demonstrated that age, actual fertility, and the economic costs of children are the most important predictors of ideal fertility. Conclusions: Despite the differences in the actual fertility level in different regions of Iran, two children is the the predominant pattern of the number of desired children. This result implies a convergence of fertility ideals in Iran. If desirable conditions for childbearing are provided, fertility could be maintained at the replacement level.

scholarly journals Gender Inequalities and Fertility in Morocco: Measuring Women’s Empowerment and Impact on the Ideal Number of Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 325-350
Author(s):  
Chaimae Drioui ◽  
◽  
Fatima Bakass ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Fertility Preferences ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
The Ideal

In Morocco, access to rights for women has strengthened over the decades. Their social status has significantly improved. This study aims to measure women’s empowerment, particularly in the domestic sphere and in relation to spouses, and its effect on women’s fertility preferences. Women’s empowerment is estimated following a similar approach to constructing the SWPER composite index, which is based on several dimensions such as education, decision-making, and attitude towards domestic violence as proposed in the literature. An empirical examination of empowerment’s impact on fertility preferences, measured by the ideal number of children, was conducted using a generalized Poisson regression model. The data are from two surveys, the 2003-2004 Population and Family Health Survey and the 2011 National Population and Family Health Survey. The results corroborate women’s empowerment in reducing the ideal number of children through independence from traditional social norms, increased bargaining power, and communication within the couple. Women’s access to educational resources appears to be a key factor, especially when it comes to fertility planning, as well as the rejection of male violence.

scholarly journals Discrepant Fertility in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 83-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelita Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Laura L. R. Wong ◽  
Paula Miranda-Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
The Ideal

Two distinct groups with respect to realization of reproductive preferences coexist in Brazil: women who have more children than they would like and women whose reproductive period result in fewer children than they thought ideal. There is discrepant fertility in both cases. This study aims to enhance knowledge about this phenomenon by analyzing the discrepant fertility according to socio-demographic variables, especially for women who have fewer children than they desire and thus have a negative discrepant fertility (NDF). This study uses data from the National Demographic and Health Surveys for Women and Children from 1996 and 2006. The results show an increasing trend in NDF associated with fewer children, higher educational attainment, older age at first childbirth, and less time available to achieve the ideal number of children.

scholarly journals Fertility intentions and influential factors in Dalian urban city ---A cross-sectional study based on Universal Two-child policy in China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Qiu ◽  
Qun Zhang ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Yangjie Ren ◽  
Xujuan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Fertility Intention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractBackgroundIn October, 2015, Chinese government announced that one-child policy had finally been replaced by a universal two-child policy. However, the effects of new policy may be far less than expected. So we conducted this research to explore potential influential factors of fertility intention.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted and a self-administered questionnaire was designed for collecting socio-demographic information, future fertility intention and influential factors of individual reproductive behavior. The analyses were performed using the SPSS 19.0 statistical software package.ResultsA total of 1370 respondents were interviewed. Our research indicated that the mean ideal number of children was only 1.73 and urban respondents’ sex preference was symmetrical preference. 79.1% (884) married people had the first child already, only 7.6% (71) respondents had two children. Among 1370 participants, 30.4% respondents stated that they would have a second child; while 69.6% respondents refused to have two children in future (just wanted only a child). Binary logistic regression analysis (model 1) showed that female, older age, lower education lever, birth place was Dalian, lower family income, the ideal number of children were associated with having 1 child in the future. Model 2 (only respondents with childbearing experience) showed that female, lower family income, couldn’t get additional financial support from parents were more likely refused to have two children; in additional, the ideal number of children and childbearing experience were significantly influences on future fertility intention.ConclusionFertility intention and reproductive behavior still below replacement in Dalian city. Our results suggest that several factors (including socioeconomic characteristics, economic factors, desired number of child, childbearing experience) have distinctive effects on fertility intention.

scholarly journals Internet Usage and Ideal Number of Children in Indonesia (The Analysis of The 2017 IDHS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yasmin Fitriana Imanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Use Of Internet ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
The Ideal

<p>Internet usage in Indonesia is growing rapidly each year. Information on the internet is considered to affect the way of thinking and the behaviour of its users. This can be seen, among other things, on the women internet user’s desired or ideal number of children. This research aims to study the patterns and differentials of the ideal number of children among women in Indonesia according to internet usage and the effect of the use of internet on women’s ideal number of children in Indonesia after controlling for the effects of socio-economic factors. This study used data from the results of 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). The method used to analyze the data is multinomial logistic regression. The analysis is conducted on all childbearing-aged women (15-49 years old) and married childbearing-aged women. The results of the study show that childbearing-aged women who used the internet wanted less children compared to those who did not use the internet. The results of this study can be used as a reference by the related stakeholders to formulate policies that support fertility level management in Indonesia using information and communication technology, the internet in particular.</p>

scholarly journals Birth cohort changes in fertility ideals: Evidence from repeated cross-sectional surveys in Finland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Savelieva ◽  
Natalie Nitsche ◽  
Venla Berg ◽  
Anneli Miettinen ◽  
Anna Rotkirch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
The Ideal

Since the great recession, fertility has been declining steeply in some high-income countries. It is, however, unknown whether the ideal number of children, a key predictor of fertility behaviour, has also declined, either in parallel or prior to fertility decline. Finland is known for its supportive family policies, but is among those countries, which have experienced drastic and poorly understood fertility decline over the last decade. Using repeated cross-sectional survey data from the Finnish Family Barometers, we examined birth cohort changes in ideal number of children among men and women born in 1970–94. Our findings indicate that the ideal number of children was lower among more recent compared to earlier birth cohorts. This difference in fertility ideals was driven by larger proportions of those preferring to remain childless among the recent birth cohorts. This suggests that attitudes of Finns towards childbearing have changed and may contribute to recent fertility decline.

scholarly journals Determinants of Fertility among Women of Childbearing Age in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Sesca D. Solang ◽  
Brigitte Inez Maitimo ◽  
Jeanny J. Winokan ◽  
Dian Pratiwi ◽  
Bohari Bohari
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
First Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
The Ideal

AIM: This study aims to determine the determinants associated with the productivity of women of childbearing age in North Sulawesi Province. METHODS: The research design used is an analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. This research uses the raw data of the North Sulawesi Province Program Performance and Accountability Survey (SKAP) of 2019. The sample of this study was all women of childbearing age (15–49 years), married and unmarried in North Sulawesi Province based on the SKAP raw data of 2019, totaling 1454 women of childbearing age. The variables in this study consisted of independent and dependent variables. The independent variables in this study were age, education, marital status, the ideal number of children, decision using contraception, age at first sexual intercourse, and contraceptive use in women of childbearing age. RESULTS: Fertility with >2 children is 349 people (24.01%). There is a significant relationship between age, education, marital status, ideal number of children, the decision to use contraception, age at first sexual intercourse, and use of contraception on fertility with p < 0.05. The multivariate test showed that ideal children (odds ratio [OR] 5.555), age (OR 5.619), age at first sexual intercourse (OR 9,486), and use of contraception (OR 0.450). CONCLUSION: The age of sexual intercourse had the most significant influence on the fertility of women of childbearing age with an OR of 9.486. This indicates that the age at sexual intercourse in women of childbearing age will affect fertility 10 times compared to other variables, namely, the ideal number of children, age, and use of family planning.

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