Using Technology To Help Overcome Institutional Obstacles to Improved Crash Records Processing

1997 ◽  
Vol 1581 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
John S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Single Entity ◽  
Advanced Technologies

Although advanced technologies have the potential to improve crash records processing, a number of recurrent institutional properties must be examined to comprehend the limits and rewards of these technologies. These properties include the diversity of crash-data users and providers, the dynamic nature of crash records processing, and the lack of a single entity that reaps all the benefits and bears all the costs of crash records processing. Although not inherently bad, these properties contribute to a number of problems with crash records processing, such as lack of access to crash data, inconsistencies among crash data bases, and disincentives to implementing new technologies or organizational changes that would make crash data more accessible, timely, or practical. With data obtained from a comprehensive inventory of Virginia’s computerized crash records systems, the feasibility of using technology to address these properties and the resultant problems was examined. A framework for assessing whether a proposed change will help solve short-term problems or overcome long-term obstacles was proposed.

Kinodynamic planning for spherical tensegrity locomotion with effective gait primitives

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (12-13) ◽  
pp. 1442-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakary Littlefield ◽  
David Surovik ◽  
Massimo Vespignani ◽  
Jonathan Bruce ◽  
Weifu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dynamic Motion ◽  
Dynamical Characteristics ◽  
Unstable Configuration ◽  
Numerical Process ◽  
Horizon Planning

Tensegrity-based robots can achieve locomotion through shape deformation and compliance. They are highly adaptable to their surroundings, and are lightweight, low cost, and physically robust. Their high dimensionality and strongly dynamic nature, however, can complicate motion planning. Efforts to date have primarily considered quasi-static reconfiguration and short-term dynamic motion of tensegrity robots, which do not fully exploit the underlying system dynamics in the long term. Longer-horizon planning has previously required costly search over the full space of valid control inputs. This work synthesizes new and existing approaches to produce dynamic long-term motion while balancing the computational demand. A numerical process based upon quasi-static assumptions is first applied to deform the system into an unstable configuration, causing forward motion. The dynamical characteristics of the result are then altered via a few simple parameters to produce a small but diverse set of useful behaviors. The proposed approach takes advantage of identified symmetries on the prototypical spherical tensegrity robot, which reduce the number of needed gaits but allow motion along different directions. These gaits are first combined with a standard search method to achieve long-term planning in environments where the developed gaits are effective. For more complex environments, the various motion primitives are paired with the fall-back option of random valid actions and are used by an informed sampling-based kinodynamic motion planner with anytime properties. Evaluations using a physics-based model for the prototypical robot demonstrate that modest but efficiently applied search effort can unlock the utility of dynamic tensegrity motion to produce high-quality solutions.

scholarly journals Control and remediation methods for eutrophic lakes in the past 30 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Pingping Luo ◽  
Shuangfeng Zhao ◽  
Shuxin Kang ◽  
Pengbo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Incomplete Removal

Abstract Accelerated eutrophication, which is harmful and difficult to repair, is one of the most obvious and pervasive water pollution problems in the world. In the past three decades, the management of eutrophication has undergone a transformation from simple directed algal killing, reducing endogenous nutrient concentration to multiple technologies for the restoration of lake ecosystems. This article describes the development and revolution of three remediation methods in application, namely physical, chemical, and biological methods, and it outlines their possible improvements and future directions. Physical and chemical methods have obvious and quick effects to purify water in the short term and are more suitable for small-scale lakes. However, these two methods cannot fundamentally solve the eutrophic water phenomenon due to costly and incomplete removal results. Without a sound treatment system, the chemical method easily produces secondary pollution and residues and is usually used for emergency situations. The biological method is cost-effective and sustainable, but needs a long-term period. A combination of these three management techniques can be used to synthesize short-term and long-term management strategies that control current cyanobacterial blooms and restore the ecosystem. In addition, the development and application of new technologies, such as big data and machine learning, are promising approaches.

scholarly journals Is physiological glucocorticoid replacement important in children?

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Porter ◽  
Joanne Blair ◽  
Richard J Ross
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Cortisol has a distinct circadian rhythm with low concentrations at night, rising in the early hours of the morning, peaking on waking and declining over the day to low concentrations in the evening. Loss of this circadian rhythm, as seen in jetlag and shift work, is associated with fatigue in the short term and diabetes and obesity in the medium to long term. Patients with adrenal insufficiency on current glucocorticoid replacement with hydrocortisone have unphysiological cortisol concentrations being low on waking and high after each dose of hydrocortisone. Patients with adrenal insufficiency complain of fatigue, a poor quality of life and there is evidence of poor health outcomes including obesity potentially related to glucocorticoid replacement. New technologies are being developed that deliver more physiological glucocorticoid replacement including hydrocortisone by subcutaneous pump, Plenadren, a once-daily modified-release hydrocortisone and Chronocort, a delayed and sustained absorption hydrocortisone formulation that replicates the overnight profile of cortisol. In this review, we summarise the evidence regarding physiological glucocorticoid replacement with a focus on relevance to paediatrics.

scholarly journals Agricultural Crisis and Farmers Suicides in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1576-1580 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Private Money ◽  
The Government

Agricultural sector is the main income for the rural people in India. It plays a significant role in their life. In India, small and marginal farmers account for 70%, according to the 2011 census of the Government of India. These small and marginal farmers took credit from banks and private money lenders. The non-repayment of credit led to an agricultural crisis and farmers’ suicide. This study focused on the reasons that caused such a disaster. The study rests on a review of the literature which was extracted from journals, reports, and newspapers from 2004 to 2019. The review identified the following reasons for the agricultural crisis and farmer’s suicides- poverty, indebtedness, crop failures, distress, lack of awareness on new technologies, inadequate debt, marketing of produce, the high interest of non-institutional credit, and depletion of water levels. The article concluded noting that -the government had to shift its focus from industries to agriculture and shift its agricultural policies from short-term to long- term ones.

scholarly journals Modeling sensitivity indices of industrial enterprise organizational change

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 230-241
Author(s):  
Victoriia Bilyk ◽  
Olena Kolomytseva ◽  
Olha Myshkovych ◽  
Nataliia Tymoshyk ◽  
Denis Shcherbatykh
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Sensitivity Indices ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Development Effectiveness ◽  
Made In

Evaluation of sensitivity of commercial enterprises to organizational changes should be made in terms of short-term planning for which it is important to ensure the financial results, as well as in terms of long-term planning, which is important for non-monetary indicators of development effectiveness. To solve this problem, the paper is designed model sensitivity Descriptive indicators of industrial enterprises to organizational changes, reflecting monetary and non-monetary effects of organizational change. The authors determined that the proposed model allows for the analysis of organizational change with regard to their impact on monetary and non-monetary efficiency. This paper contributes to the theory and practice at the border to ensure a balance between short-term and long-term development of industrial enterprises. Convincingly demonstrated the possibility of using research results in practice.

scholarly journals Personality-Informed Intervention Design: Examining How Trait Regulation Can Inform Efforts to Change Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W Rebele ◽  
Peter Koval ◽  
Luke D. Smillie
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Change Behavior ◽  
The People ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Different Types

Research that helps people change their behavior has the potential to improve the quality of lives, but it is too often approached in a way that divorces behavior from the people who need to enact it. In this paper, we propose a personality-informed approach to classifying behavior-change problems and designing interventions to address them. In particular, we argue that interventions will be most effective when they target the appropriate psychological process given the disposition of the participant and the desired duration of change. Considering these dimensions can help to reveal the differences among common types of behavior-change problems, and it can guide decisions about what kinds of intervention solutions will most effectively solve them. We review key concepts and findings from the personality literature that can help us understand the dynamic nature of dispositions and to identify the psychological processes that best explain both short-term variance in behavior and long-term development of personality. Drawing on this literature, we argue that different types of behavior-change problems require different forms of ‘trait regulation,’ and we offer a series of propositions to be evaluated as potential guides for the design of intervention strategies to address them.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
Caroline Rose Piccininni
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Widespread Implementation

New technologies, especially those based in robotics and artificial intelligence, have potential to vastly change how healthcare is delivered from managing patient information to diagnosis and prognosis to performing medical procedures. Such technologies are constantly being developed, trialed, and implemented and thus, many have yet to be investigated in terms of long-term costs and effects. Using robot-assisted prostatectomy as an example, this article explores how new technologies are often associated with high initial costs and positive short-term effects but their long-term cost-effectiveness remains unknown. This idea has important implications for widespread implementation of new technologies and for clinical decision making.

Updating Infrastructure Regulation for The 21st Century in Latin America and the Caribbean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Estache ◽  
Tomás Serebrisky
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
21St Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Infrastructure Services ◽  
Economic Regulations

This paper argues that, while most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have managed to significantly improve the short-term efficiency of their infrastructure services since the widespread liberalization of the 1990s, they have been slow to ensure a fair distribution of the gains. They have also been slow in making the investments needed to ensure the prospects of future generations, including by protecting the environment for the long term. The paper places at least part of the blame on regulatory failures. It also shows how past mistakes can be corrected by the significant sectoral transformations, driven by new technologies, now underway. Digitalization is altering the economic characteristics of infrastructure services. Resulting changes in governance and financing options demand adjustments to economic regulations, including by broadening the regulatory toolkit to integrate new insights offered by developments in behavioral economics.

Green Capital Denial: Insulating the Green Spirit from Capital

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-142
Author(s):  
Jesse Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Receding Horizon ◽  
Distinct Mode ◽  
Natural Sense ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Radical Transformation

Planetary improvement is less about improving the planet in some objective, ‘natural’ sense as it is about improving and sustaining a very distinct mode of inhabiting this planet, of making natures and organizing lives (human and nonhuman alike). Cleantech entrepreneurs envision themselves greening the economy bit by bit, and refuse to see how the economy is actually transforming their visions and ideas, molding any new technologies or the possibility thereof into a commodity form that primarily serves the needs of capital. Through the maintenance of four conceptual and practical separations, cleantech proponents are able to gesture vaguely towards world-making ambitions, while at the same time insulating these visions from their day-to-day business activities and short-term financial projections: (1) a separation between personal and professional commitments; (2) the difference between thinking (about climate change) and doing (something profitable); (3) the difference between abstract and concrete concerns; and (4) the distinction between short-term (fundable) solutions and long-term visions. What emerges is a way of seeing the future as a forever receding horizon of possibility, whose radical transformation is preserved in people’s minds while the perpetuation of an unsustainable status quo is preserved in reality.

scholarly journals Crisis and organised control: The COVID-19 pandemic and power of surveillance

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-669
Author(s):  
Olivera Marković-Savić
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
International Solidarity ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
The Impact

In this text, we consider the short term and long-term consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic among people throughout the world. In many societies, as a result of the health danger, governments have intervened by denying basic social and political rights. Because of these changes, economy has experienced a crisis whose effects many compare to the Great Depression of the last century. By dealing with the new problems, many countries have enforced measures of quarantine and closed their borders. The answer to the problems has not shown international solidarity, but state-centrism. The text first discusses what the old anti-epidemic measures brought to modern societies that had to be resorted to in preventing the spread of the epidemic. This is followed by an attempt to predict the possible long-term consequences for the functioning of social structures and government systems. As countries increase control and penetration into the sphere of everyday life of their citizens, in which they are substantially aided by new technologies, this trend can be expected to continue. On the other hand, citizens will lend support with the enforcement of such control in exchange for the sense of security. In the long run, such processes indicate the possibility that countries will emerge stronger from this crisis, although until recently it was thought that they had weakened under the impact of globalization.

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