Developing a Performance-Based Transit Allocation Formula: Case Study for a Participatory Process

1997 ◽  
Vol 1604 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Matherly
Keyword(s):  
Peer Groups ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The State ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Funding Mechanism ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Effective Service

The state of Indiana provides operating assistance to transit operators throughout the state. The original formula was designed to reward performance but over time became inflexible to changing situations. The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) initiated a study to “create a rational and equitable mechanism for the distribution of State operating assistance to urban and rural transit providers throughout Indiana.” This objective was accomplished through an extensive process that involved the affected transit systems, including a survey of all systems and five meetings with transit system representatives. Transit system preferences were a major deciding factor in selecting specific performance measures and in consideration of factors of importance to the affected systems. The final recommendation was developed under the direction of INDOT and is under senior government review. The recommendation provides a funding mechanism that is flexible, provides comparisons within peer groups and rewards the transit systems within each group that are best serving their customers and providing cost-effective service to their communities, and provides incentives and a phase-in period to encourage systems to improve. The process of developing the formula and its potential application to other states are described.

Using Obstacles for Systematically Modeling, Analysing, and Mitigating Risks in Cloud Adoption

2013 ◽  
pp. 275-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehnila Zardari ◽  
Funmilade Faniyi ◽  
Rami Bahsoon
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Cloud Adoption ◽  
Risk Management Framework ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
Effective Service ◽  
Cloud User

In this chapter, the authors motivate the need for a systematic approach to cloud adoption from the risk perspective. The enormous potential of cloud computing for improved and cost-effective service delivery for commercial and academic purposes has generated unprecedented interest in its adoption. However, a potential cloud user faces numerous risks regarding service requirements, cost implications of failure, and uncertainty about cloud providers’ ability to meet service level agreements. Hence, the authors consider two perspectives of a case study to identify risks associated with cloud adoption. They propose a risk management framework based on the principle of GORE (Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering). In this approach, they liken risks to obstacles encountered while realising cloud user goals, therefore proposing cloud-specific obstacle resolution tactics for mitigating identified risks. The proposed framework shows benefits by providing a principled engineering approach to cloud adoption and empowering stakeholders with tactics for resolving risks when adopting the cloud.

Service Oriented Cloud Computing- The State of the Art

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabeen Masood ◽  
Fatima Khalique ◽  
Bushra Bashir Chaudhry ◽  
Abdul Rauf
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The State ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Effective Service

Cloud computing has emerged as a powerful new technology. The processing and computation power embedded in the cloud technology is not only flexible but also infinitely scalable and cost effective. Service oriented architecture (SOA) is a perfect stage for cloud computing. SOA has allowed customers and organizations to achieve cloud computing and reap its benefits that would not have been possible through any other architecture. This paper discusses the concept and importance of service oriented cloud computing by highlighting possible architectures, their benefits and critical success factors.

scholarly journals Use of Deep Learning to Study Modeling Deterioration of Pavements a Case Study in Iowa

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Seyed Amirhossein Hosseini ◽  
Ahmad Alhasan ◽  
Omar Smadi
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
The State ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Pavement Condition ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
Pavement Condition Index

This paper describes the process and outcome of deterioration modeling for three different pavement types (asphalt, concrete, and composite) in the state of Iowa. Pavement condition data is collected by the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) and stored in a Pavement-Management Information System (PMIS). In the state of Iowa, the overall pavement condition is quantified using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI), which is a weighted average of indices representing different types of distress, roughness, and deflection. Deterioration models of PCI as a function of time were developed for the different pavement types using two modeling approaches. The first approach is the long/short-term memory (LSTM), a subset of a recurrent neural network. The second approach, used by the Iowa DOT, is developing individual regression models for each section of the different pavement types. A comparison is made between the two approaches to assess the accuracy of each model. The results show that the LSTM model achieved a higher prediction accuracy over time for all different pavement types.

Cases Study on the Acceptance Disputes of Taiwan MRT E&M Systems From the Perspective of Risk Allocation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko-Ming Hsu ◽  
Frank Yeh ◽  
Ting-Ya Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Risk Allocation ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
The Core ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Civil Laws

Rail construction is an essential part of the Taiwan transportation projects. Since the mass rapid transit systems are powering by electricity, the successful installation of rail work built under the core electrical & mechanical system is also the key factor of the transit system integration. For cases discussed in this research, since the client needed to apply these contracts of civil laws after the completion yet before acceptance, two problems might be generated under such circumstances: 1) if there was any matter which could not be imputed on either party caused the failure of the contract, which party should be responsible for the result; 2) if there was any cease of operation or casualties and other damages during the verification of system stability and availability, which party should be responsible. The resolve of these problems was in fact a result of risk allocation through contracts. Due to that the risk allocation principals might vary due to the prediction and planning of different parties, based on the contractual freedom idea in Taiwan, if we wish to pursue the risk allocation, this reach point out the procedures it should be. From the case study of this research, it could be seen that one applicable idea of risk distribution, yet in the verification of individual cases, there would be concerns for different ideas due to specific abstract risk allocation ideas. There might be further research into the detailed standards for risk allocation to resolve the potential doubt.

Performance-Driven Transit Funding Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 1927 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Paul Sousa ◽  
Eric J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Urban Transit ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Funding Model ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Per Capita

This paper presents a new funding model for urban transit systems. The model is performance driven in that it captures the performance of transit systems in attracting riders in a cost-effective manner and recognizes that transit system funding needs vary with transit systems’ scale of operations. The model also allocates funding on a weighted per capita basis and thereby addresses equity concerns. Recent data for Canadian transit systems are used to illustrate the application of this funding model to real-world operations.

Planning and Design Model for Transit Route Networks with Coordinated Operations

1998 ◽  
Vol 1623 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao-Chang Shih ◽  
Hani S. Mahmassani ◽  
M. Hadi Baaj
Keyword(s):  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Transit Networks ◽  
Bus Transit ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Assignment Model ◽  
Route Coordination ◽  
Vehicle Size

A heuristic model is presented for the design of bus transit networks with coordinated operations. Different from past solution methodologies focusing on conventional uncoordinated transit systems, this model addresses the design of transit networks with coordinated operations, using a transit center concept and incorporating a trip assignment model explicitly developed for coordinated (timed-transfer) systems. In addition, this model determines the appropriate vehicle size for each bus route and incorporates demand-responsive capabilities to meet demand that cannot be served effectely by fixed-route, fixed-schedule services. This model is composed of four major procedures: ( a) a route generation procedure (RGP), which constructs the transit network around the transit center concept; ( b) a network analysis procedure, which incorporates a trip assignment model (for both coordinated and uncoordinated operations) and a frequency-setting and vehicle-sizing procedure; ( c) a transit center selection procedure, which identifies the suitable transit centers for route coordination; and ( d) a network improvement procedure, which improves on the set of routes generated by the RGP. The model is demonstrated via a case-study application to data generated from the existing transit system in Austin, Texas.

Development of an Engineering-Based Hydrogen-Assisted Fatigue Crack Growth Design Methodology for Code Implementation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Amaro ◽  
Elizabeth S. Drexler ◽  
Andrew J. Slifka
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Potential Impact

A primary barrier to the widespread use of gaseous hydrogen as an energy carrier is the creation of a hydrogen-specific transportation network. Research performed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in conjunction with the U.S. Department of transportation and ASME committee B31.12 (Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines), has resulted in a phenomenological model to predict fatigue crack growth of API pipeline steels cyclically loaded in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen. The full model predicts hydrogen-assisted (HA) fatigue crack growth (FCG) as a function of applied load and hydrogen pressure. Implementation of the model into an engineering format is crucial for the realization of safe, cost-effective pipelines for the nation’s hydrogen infrastructure. Working closely with ASME B31.12, two simplified iterations of the model have been created for an engineering-based code implementation. The engineering-based iterations are detailed here and the benefits of both are discussed. A case study is then presented detailing the use of both versions. The work is concluded with a discussion of the potential impact that model implementation would have upon future hydrogen pipeline installations.

Commuter-Centric Resilience Index for Rapid Transit System Networks: Case Study of the Singapore Mass Rapid Transit Network

2017 ◽  
Vol 2648 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Jian Sheng Yeung ◽  
Jason B. P. Lee ◽  
Yun Han Wee ◽  
Keng Seng Mak
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
The Public ◽  
Commute Time ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Rail Line ◽  
Mass Rapid Transit

Rapid transit systems (RTSs) will increasingly play an important role in the daily commute. However, RTSs are complex systems and are susceptible to degradation over time, and recurring RTS service disruptions are inevitable. Therefore, resilience should be considered in the design of an RTS network, to provide commuters alternative paths that enable them to work around service disruptions. This paper proposes a commuter-centric resilience index for RTS networks that is based on the concept of an acceptable commute time. The proposed index was applied to the Singapore Mass Rapid Transit network, and the findings revealed that the introduction of each new rail line increased the resilience of the RTS network. Ring lines or orbital lines appeared to be most effective in improving network resilience. The resilience index can also be determined for individual stations to help planners identify gaps in the RTS network and to provide useful insight for land use and transport planning. The proposed index would be applicable to RTS networks in other cities or regions, but while information on an RTS network can be sourced from the public domain, computation of the index requires the corresponding commuter trip data.

Using Obstacles for Systematically Modeling, Analysing, and Mitigating Risks in Cloud Adoption

2015 ◽  
pp. 1351-1372
Author(s):  
Shehnila Zardari ◽  
Funmilade Faniyi ◽  
Rami Bahsoon
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Cloud Adoption ◽  
Risk Management Framework ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
Effective Service ◽  
Cloud User

In this chapter, the authors motivate the need for a systematic approach to cloud adoption from the risk perspective. The enormous potential of cloud computing for improved and cost-effective service delivery for commercial and academic purposes has generated unprecedented interest in its adoption. However, a potential cloud user faces numerous risks regarding service requirements, cost implications of failure, and uncertainty about cloud providers' ability to meet service level agreements. Hence, the authors consider two perspectives of a case study to identify risks associated with cloud adoption. They propose a risk management framework based on the principle of GORE (Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering). In this approach, they liken risks to obstacles encountered while realising cloud user goals, therefore proposing cloud-specific obstacle resolution tactics for mitigating identified risks. The proposed framework shows benefits by providing a principled engineering approach to cloud adoption and empowering stakeholders with tactics for resolving risks when adopting the cloud.

scholarly journals Mass Rapid Transit System Passenger Traffic Forecast Using a Re-Sample Recurrent Neural Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Hu ◽  
Yi-Chang Chiu ◽  
Chih-Wei Hsieh ◽  
Tang-Hsien Chang ◽  
Xingsi Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Traffic Prediction ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Mass Rapid Transit

In this study, we developed a model re-sample Recurrent Neural Network (RRNN) to forecast passenger traffic on Mass Rapid Transit Systems (MRT). The Recurrent Neural Network was applied to build a model to perform passenger traffic prediction, where the forecast task was transformed into a classification task. However, in this process, the training dataset usually ended up being imbalanced. To address this dataset imbalance, our research proposes re-sample Recurrent Neural Network. A case study of the California Mass Rapid Transit System revealed that the model introduced in this work could timely and effectively predict passenger traffic of MRT. The measurements of passenger traffic themselves were also studied and showed that the new method provided a good understanding of the level of passenger traffic and was able to achieve prediction accuracy upwards of 90% higher than standard tests. The development of this model adds value to the methodology of traffic applications by employing these Recurrent Neural Networks.

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