Cellular Telephone Conversation While Driving: Effects on Driver Reaction Time and Subjective Mental Workload

2000 ◽  
Vol 1724 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Abraham Tokunaga ◽  
Toru Hagiwara ◽  
Seiichi Kagaya ◽  
Yuki Onodera
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Cellular Telephone ◽  
Index Procedure ◽  
Telephone Conversation ◽  
Elderly Drivers ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Measure Reaction Time ◽  
Constant Distance ◽  
Measurement Devices

The effects of conversation through a cellular telephone while driving on driver reaction time and subjective mental workload (SMWL) were investigated. Two vehicles equipped with measurement devices were used to measure reaction time. The drivers’ SMWL was measured by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index procedure. The experiment was conducted on an expressway in Japan. Thirty-one subjects participated in the experiment; 19 were young and 12 were elderly drivers. Each subject was asked to follow a leading vehicle and to keep a constant distance while following. The subjects performed four tasks: ( a) following a leading vehicle, ( b) operating a cellular telephone while following the leading vehicle, ( c) performing a simple conversation task, and ( d) performing a complex conversation task on a cellular telephone with the experimenter while following the leading vehicle. The results of these experiments indicated that the performance of the telephone tasks increases the reaction time and SMWL of the drivers, as was shown in a previous study. The results also indicated that the complex conversation task produced an increase in reaction time as compared to the simple conversation task, independent of age group. Furthermore, the experiment indicated that the SMWL also increased significantly in the complex conversation task as compared to the other tasks.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF DETERMINATION THE NUMBER PERSONNEL BASED ON WORKLOAD ACCORDING TO JOB DESCRIPTION (STUDY CASE IN ACCOUNTING INSTITUTIONS)

JOURNAL ASRO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Ahmadi Ahmadi ◽  
Wahyu Endriyanto ◽  
Benny Sukandari ◽  
Agus Makhrowi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Job Description ◽  
Workload Analysis ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Workload Measurement ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Nasa Tlx

The workload is highly related to efficient and effective human resource utilization in an organization to achieve organizational objectives, vision, and mission. Various methods are used to optimize the number of personnel in an organization so that each task can be completed quickly and precisely. Accounting Institutions are inseparable from problems regarding the lack of workload with the number of personnel working on it. The change of the Policy gives an impact on the change of Job Description and List of Personnel Arrangements of the organization. To overcome these issues, workload measurement, analysis can be used to determine the optimal amount of personnel required in their working units. This study uses a mental workload measurement so called NASA-TLX and physical workload measurement According to the applicable workload regulation that is in accordance with the Administrative Direction of Workload Analysis. Both methods are then carried out to be compared to each other. The results showed that the physical workload is required in the completion of tasks in each work unit. In addition, the determination of the optimal number of personnel using physical workload or appropriate tasks per task position based Job Description is performed. As a result, it is known that there is an excessive workload in the Sub Service Budget Cost work units with personal shortcomings. On the other hand, there is an excessive personnel number in Administrative Work, Sub Department of Finance Administration and Sub Department Financial Control. The overall conclusion of this study is a need for personnel reduction in a List of Personnel Arrangements currently known as Accounting Institutions to be 39 personnel instead of the existing 48 personnel.  Keywords: Workload, NASA-TLX (Task Load Index), assignments Per Task title, Number of Optimal personnel

scholarly journals ALLOCATION OF MARITIME TASK FORCE PERSONNEL UNIFIL CONTINGEN BASED ON ANALYSIS WORK LOADS

JOURNAL ASRO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ahmadi Ahmadi ◽  
Okol Sri Suharyo ◽  
Arimbo Arimbo ◽  
Aab Abdul Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Workload Measurement ◽  
Physical Burden ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
The Right

The workload of an organization is related to the efficient and effective utilization of human resources so that it can realize the vision, mission and objectives of the organization. Various methods are used to optimize the number of personnel in an organization, so that each task can be completed effectively and efficiently. KRI Diponegoro-365 personnel as the TNI Maritime Task Force, the Garuda Contingent can not be separated from the problems regarding the lack of conformity to workload with the allocation of the number of available personnel. To overcome this, an analysis of workload measurement is needed which can then be used for determine the allocation of the right number of personnel needed in each division. This study uses the measurement of NASA-TLX mental workload and physical workload according to TNI Roles. Both of these methods are then compared between mental and physical burden that occurs. From the results of the comparison, it was found that physical workload is needed in the completion of tasks in each division. After a comparison, then the determination of the allocation of the number of personnel will be carried out using the physical workload approach based on the description of the tasks in each division. The results of the calculation will then show the division that has excess or lack of personnel. The overall results obtained from this study can be concluded that the number of maritime task force personnel using the Diponegoro class KRI is appropriate, but the allocation of personnel in each division needs to adjust to the existing workload.  Keywords: Workload, NASA-TLX (Task Load Index), Number of Military Personnel

Perceived Mental Workload in an Endocopic Surgery Simulator

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1014-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina I. Klein ◽  
Michael A. Riley ◽  
Joel S. Warm ◽  
Gerald Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Surgery ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Normal Hand ◽  
Multiple Resource ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index ◽  
Surgery Simulator ◽  
Experimental Effort

Endoscopic surgery–a procedure wherein a target organ is displayed on a monitor and physicians use graspers to manipulate the tissue - has benefits for patients in terms of reduced blood loss, infection, and pain. However, physicians' informal reports indicate that this type of surgery is challenging to perform. These challenges arise from the need to view the target tissue on a monitor, resulting in reduced depth information as well as a disruption of the normal hand-eye mapping. This study represents the initial experimental effort to assess the workload demands experienced in an endoscopic surgery simulator using the NASA-Task Load Index (TLX), a well validated workload measure, and the Multiple Resource Questionnaire (MRQ), a newly developed workload scale. The TLX revealed that the workload experienced in the simulator was indeed high. Additionally, the MRQ revealed different workload profiles associated with different levels of handeye mapping disruption.

Significance of Aircraft Maintenance Personnel’s Reaction Time During Physical Workload and Mental Workload

2021 ◽  
pp. 637-643
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghani Abdul Samad ◽  
Mohd Amzar Azizan ◽  
Md Hafis Khairuddin ◽  
Muhd Khudri Johari
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Aircraft Maintenance

scholarly journals EEG Theta Power Activity Reflects Workload among Army Combat Drivers: An Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Diaz-Piedra ◽  
María Victoria Sebastián ◽  
Leandro L. Di Stasi
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Subjective Data ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
The Road ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Eeg Power Spectrum ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Eeg Power

We aimed to evaluate the effects of mental workload variations, as a function of the road environment, on the brain activity of army drivers performing combat and non-combat scenarios in a light multirole vehicle dynamic simulator. Forty-one non-commissioned officers completed three standardized driving exercises with different terrain complexities (low, medium, and high) while we recorded their electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. We focused on variations in the theta EEG power spectrum, a well-known index of mental workload. We also assessed performance and subjective ratings of task load. The theta EEG power spectrum in the frontal, temporal, and occipital areas were higher during the most complex scenarios. Performance (number of engine stops) and subjective data supported these findings. Our findings strengthen previous results found in civilians on the relationship between driver mental workload and the theta EEG power spectrum. This suggests that EEG activity can give relevant insight into mental workload variations in an objective, unbiased fashion, even during real training and/or operations. The continuous monitoring of the warfighter not only allows instantaneous detection of over/underload but also might provide online feedback to the system (either automated equipment or the crew) to take countermeasures and prevent fatal errors.

How a New Instrument Affects Pilots' Mental Workload

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1010-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall L. Harris ◽  
John R. Tole ◽  
Arye R. Ephrath ◽  
A. Thomas Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Cognitive Workload ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Vertical Speed ◽  
Scanning Behavior

Display evaluation has generally been performed using reaction time experiments or subjective evaluations to determine which display is better suited for a particular application. A new testing procedure combined with two analysis techniques of scanning behavior have been used to evaluate two alternative display designs in a realistic setting. Tests were conducted in the Langley Research Center's General Aviation Simulator. The results indicated that a new bargraph type of vertical speed indicator located between the attitude indicator and the altimeter is looked at more quickly, appears to lower cognitive workload slightly, and was preferred over a conventional vertical speed indicator.

Age and Distraction by Telephone Conversation in Task Performance: Implications for Use of Cellular Telephones While Driving

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laramée Lyda ◽  
Virginia M. Osborne ◽  
Pamela Coleman ◽  
Beth Rienzi
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Cellular Telephone ◽  
Cellular Telephones ◽  
Telephone Conversation ◽  
Within Subjects

Predicted to diminish task performance were (a) distraction by telephone conversation and (b) older age. 38 participants pointed to letters on a randomized or alphabetized letter matrix during distraction by telephone conversation or no distraction. In a within-subjects design telephone conversation negatively affected completion time but there were no age differences. Implications for cellular telephone use while driving are discussed.

scholarly journals MENTAL WORKLOAD AND ERGONOMIC ANALYSIS ON PRODUCTION DEPARTEMENT AT PT. XYZ

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pashya Yafi Dhiya ◽  
Devi Maulida Rahmah
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Mental Work ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Work Posture ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Processing Division ◽  
Ergonomic Analysis ◽  
Rapid Entire Body Assessment

This research aims to identify mental workload on  NASA-TLX for mental workload and packaging division and work posture on processing division at PT. XYZ. This research uses RULA and REBA methods for work posture. NASA-TLX (Task Load Index) is  used to determine mental work in packaging division. RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) is used to determine the upper body musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) injury in the process of production (which consists of weighing and processing station) at PT. XYZ and REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) is used to determine entire body MSDs injury in the production process. Those methods are applied to indicate that the workers are in fact working above the safety limit. Based on NASA-TLX method, it is clear that 21 of 30 workers feel that the work is very heavy. Another case, two unusual postures are found, one is determined by the action level of worker who lifting 20 kgs sack of powder is 10, so the action level of REBA in this case is hardly dangerous. The other one is determined by a worker who entering an ingridient to the machine, weight of the ingridient is 17,05 kgs. It means more than 10 kgs, and thus it can affect body posture. Keywords: Ergonomics, NASA-TLX, REBA, RULA

scholarly journals Work Performance Measurement of Data Entry Employees in E-Commerce Industry Based on Mental Workload Value

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwan Aang Soenandi
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reaction Time Measurement ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

This reseach aimed to measure the mental workload of data entry processing tasks in the e-commerce industry based on mental workload value. It was to determine the factors influencing mental workload mainly induced by the data entry process. The experiments without work instruction and with two types of work instruction were conducted to diagnose the mental workload. The measurement of the initial mental workload condition of data entry employees was conducted in the laboratory. Then, the Electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement using sensors from Emotiv was performed every 30 minutes, and the data of EEG measurements (focus, engagement, and stress) were collected using the laptop. Meanwhile, pulse measurement (heart rate) was measured before and after the work. Raw National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and reaction time measurement were conducted after the work. Through these experiments, the researchers identify that mental effort and fatigue are the significant determinants of mental workload value in the data entry process of the e-commerce industry. In respect of the results of work performance analysis, it is recommended that the placement of work instruction should be near the employee. Then, the task demand (minimum completion target) should be adjusted according to each employee’s capacity.

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