Comparison of Driver Navigation at Turbo Roundabouts and Modern Two-Lane Roundabouts: Simulation Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2637 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Elisha Jackson Wankogere ◽  
Valerian Kwigizile ◽  
Jun-Seok Oh ◽  
Pavel Ikonomov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
Pavement Markings ◽  
New Type ◽  
Lane Keeping

Roundabouts can be a solution to safety concerns common to conventional intersections. Recently in the United States, there has been an increase in the conversion of problematic intersections to roundabouts to improve their safety. However, there are some important considerations and challenges to make roundabouts safe for all users, especially multilane roundabouts. There may also be challenges for drivers to navigate a newly built or a new type of roundabout. Roundabout features such as pavement markings and signage play an important role in driver navigational performance. This research was an effort to evaluate new roundabout design and existing roundabout safety and operational features such as signs and pavement markings. The focus was on how such features influenced the performance of drivers, specifically at multilane roundabouts. Two-lane roundabouts and rotor turbo roundabouts were evaluated. A driving simulator was employed to test various simulation scenarios in a virtual world. The results indicate that lane keeping and higher navigation speeds are still problems at multilane roundabouts. The rotor turbo roundabout outperforms the two-lane roundabout in enabling correct lane choice and navigation speed control by drivers. Furthermore, it was found that roundabout signs and pavement markings used in the United States can be adopted for turbo roundabouts.

Urban electric railway management and operation in Britain and America 1900–14

Urban History ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 22-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Capital Market

The debate about the comparative performance of the British and American economies around the turn of the century has involved most industrial sectors. In the case of the railways, the argument goes back at least to 1887, when a critical analysis of English railway operations compared to those of the United States was published. For British railway companies, the years after 1900 were a particularly difficult time especially in the capital market, and many new investment projects were abandoned, although not solely because of adverse conditions in the capital market. A substantial number of these projects were probably of a marginal nature but the eighteen-year period between 1890 and 1908 also saw the development of a new type of railway – the urban rapid transit system. This was in response to two very different factors – the continuing growth of cities and the application of electric power in a form suitable for railway use. The spread of these systems in Britain paralleled their expansion in the United States.

scholarly journals Considering a new platform for academic campus interviews: Entering the virtual world

2020 ◽  
pp. 147332502098107
Author(s):  
Kelly Lynn Clary
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tenure Track ◽  
Spring Semester ◽  
Virtual Campus ◽  
University Environment ◽  
Search Committee ◽  
Academic Tenure

As a May 2020 Social Work PhD Graduate, I spent the spring semester interviewing for academic tenure track positions. When COVID-19 reached the United States, the interview process quickly changed course. My in-person campus visits became 8-hour long virtual interview days, which were quite exhausting. Since I completed five in-person campus visits and two virtual interviews, I compiled my lived experiences. As a “now” normal emerges and institutions must be more financially aware and uphold social distancing guidelines, in the reflexive essay I provide suggestions for improving virtual campus interviews—for both the candidate and the search committee. Some suggestions for the search committee include not using an 8-hour interview day, offering a delivered lunch for the candidate, and assembling the virtual visit to incorporate the school and University environment. For the candidate, I propose to dress as if one is on-site, integrate self-care throughout the day, and request a meeting with only students. I hope my experiences will motivate others who faced similar situations to consider their virtual interview experiences and further produce suggestions for their institutions.

Reducing Unintended Pregnancies as a Strategy to Avert Zika-Related Microcephaly Births in the United States: A Simulation Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 982-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Ahrens ◽  
Jennifer A. Hutcheon ◽  
Loretta Gavin ◽  
Susan Moskosky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies

The Math and Science of Decarceration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Austin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
National Level ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
Lengths Of Stay ◽  
Probation And Parole

Despite a growing consensus that “mass incarceration” in the United States has reached unacceptable levels, there has been little movement in its decline. National imprisonment rates seem to have stabilized and will remain so absent a major decarceration effort. To implement such a decarceration effort requires a strategic plan that will lower prison admissions and lengths of stay for all prisoners—especially those convicted of violent crimes. It will also need to reduce the more pervasive nature of other forms of correctional control (jails, probation, and parole). Such a strategy, which relies upon current and past policies, is entirely feasible. But to take hold on a national level, the plan must negate economic and public safety concerns that favor maintaining high imprisonment and correctional control rates.

Impact of Cognitive Distractions on Drivers’ Anticipation Behavior in Vehicle-bicycle Conflict Situations

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1898-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalda Ebadi ◽  
Ganesh Pai Mangalore ◽  
Siby Samuel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Mock Cell ◽  
Cell Phone Use ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Main Effect

Overall, the rate of vehicle-bicycle collisions is continually increasing. In the United States alone, bicyclist fatalities contributed to 2.3 percent of all crash related fatalities in 2015. In most of these cases, crashes occur due to distracted drivers who are unable to correctly anticipate the bicyclists at the hazardous locations on the roadways such as, intersections and curves. The objective of the current study is to contribute to the divisive literature surrounding cell phone use while driving by specifically measuring, the effects of a secondary mock cell phone task on hazard anticipation performance across common vehicle-bicycle conflict situations. Two groups of 20 drivers each, navigated seven unique scenarios on a driving simulator while being monitored by an eye tracker. One group of participants performed a hands free mock cellphone task while driving, while the second group drove without any additional tasks outside of the primary task of driving. Analysis of the proportion of anticipatory glances using a logistic regression model revealed a significant main effect of the mock cellphone task at reducing the proportion of such glances made by the drivers towards potential bicyclist threats on the roadway.

Patterns and Sources of Ticket Splitting in Subpresidential Voting

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 916-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Allen Beck ◽  
Lawrence Baum ◽  
Aage R. Clausen ◽  
Charles E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Divided Government ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Research Traditions ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Individual

The primary source of divided government in the United States is voters who split their ballots between the parties. Yet there has been little comprehensive examination of either patterns or sources of ticket splitting in recent years. Instead, divergent lines of research have emerged, emphasizing such things as voter partisanship, incumbency, and a “new” (young, well-educated, even partisan) kind of ticket splitter; and their focus has been too often restricted to the atypical president–Congress pair. We seek to unify these research traditions in a comprehensive model of split-ticket voting and to test this model across the partisan ballot in a typical election setting-here, the contests for five Ohio state-wide offices in 1990. The model incorporates partisan strength, candidate visibility, and the individual characteristics that distinguish the “new ticket splitters”. The results support our partisan strength and candidate visibility explanations but provide little support for the emergence of a new type of ticket splitter.

Consular Privileges and Immunities Under the Treaties of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights

1927 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
Irvin Stewart
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Senate ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Subject

The reëstablishment of treaty relations with Germany seems to have afforded occasion for a new type of treaty incorporating new principles,restating old ones and generally rearranging the subject-matter considered.Provisions relating to consular privileges and immunities show the influence of this new consideration. The Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights with Germany has been followed by similar treaties with Estonia and Hungary. Ratification of a like treaty with Salvador has been advised and consented to by the United States Senate, but the exchange of ratifications has not yet been announced. A consular convention with Cuba follows the corresponding provisions in the treaties of friendship, commerce and consular rights so far as consular privileges and immunities are concerned. As press reports have indicated that similar treaties may be negotiated with other states, it is possible that there may be an extensive redefinition of consular privileges and immunities along the lines of the provisions of the recently published treaties. In the light of this possibility the contents of this part of the treaties are of great importance and an examination of them of present interest. As the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights with Germany was the first of the series,the following discussion is based upon the provisions of that treaty, with attention being given to the more important departures in the later treaties.

The rising fear of Wuhan Virus ‘2019-nCoV’

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vengadesh Letchumanan ◽  
Hooi-Leng Ser ◽  
Jodi Woan-Fei Law ◽  
Loh Teng-Hern Tan ◽  
Bey-Hing Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Effective Drug ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
New Type ◽  
In The Beginning

The “Wuhan Virus” was first recognized in the beginning of December 2019 and identified as a new type of coronavirus 2019-nCoV. This coronavirus-induced pneumonia originated from Wuhan (China), and has spread across 27 countries, infected 17,488 people and caused 362 deaths, at the this Editorial went to press. The transmission of 2019-nCoV to individuals of different countries is predominantly through close contact with an infected person. The experts around the global raise the concern on the rising number of infected cases and deaths, and increased the effort to produce an effective drug or vaccine for this virus. Several efforts have been done to aid the detection of the virus and treatment of patients: 2019-nCoV detection kits (BGI), and development of two new hospital, and treating patients with combination of antiviral for flu and HIV. In the United States, doctors successfully treated a 2019-nCoV patient with Gilead Sciences drug – remdesivir, however further test need to be done to confirm the effectiveness of these antivirals. Hopefully, the pharmaceutical companies with the team of researchers will be able to discover an effective vaccine to treat coronavirus 2019-nCoV.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document