scholarly journals Histological studies on some native perennials

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tar ◽  
I. Kohut ◽  
P. Gracza
Keyword(s):  
Histological Structure ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Cortical Parenchyma ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Structure Investigations ◽  
Nearly Continuous

Growing of native perennial species became more and more popular in the last ten years. In order to obtain more information on their histological structure, investigations were done on Aster linosyris, Inula ensifolia and Prunella grandiflora. The histological features are usually relating to the plants' ecological demands which is an important aspect in their growing. Differences were found in the structure of the stem of Asteraceae and Lamiaceae members. While separated vessels were formed in the stem of Aster linosyris and Inula ensifolia, continuous vessel-system forms in the stem of Prunella. Alternating segments of collenchyma and chlorenchyma are found in the stem of Aster linosyris, while palisade parenchyma is situated both on the abaxial and adaxial surface of the leaves. Vessel-system of the root is tetrarch. Histological structure of the stem of Inula ensifolia differs from Aster linosyris in the broader cortical parenchyma which is composed of approx. 8-12 cell layers. It contains neither collenchyma nor chlorenchyma. In the stem of Prunella grandiflora a nearly continuous vessel-ring is formed from the four primary vessels. Long, multi-celled hairs were observed in the district of angles of the stem.

scholarly journals Leaf Morphoanatomy of Diploon Cronquist (Sapotaceae Juss.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Gabriela Vila Nova de Lima ◽  
Liliane Ferreira Lima ◽  
Angélica Cândida Ferreira ◽  
Josiane Silva Araújo ◽  
Carmen Silvia Zickel
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Cell Layers

Abstract: Diploon is a monospecific genus represented by Diploon cuspidatum, an arboreal species that has morphological characteristics distinct from those of other Sapotaceae species. In this study, Diploon cuspidatum leaves were characterized morphoanatomically in order to reveal additional diagnostic characters of their external morphology of the genus. The Diploon petiole presents shape and arrangement of the vascular system flat-convex, occasionally with one or two accessory bundles, many laticifers, and many prismatic crystals. The midrib is biconvex with a U-shaped cuticle on the abaxial side, and laticifers are associated with the vascular tissues. Mesophyll is dorsiventral, palisade parenchyma has two cell layers, T- and Y-shaped malpighiaceous trichomes are on the abaxial epidermis with a small stalk cell and long arm. The venation pattern is brochidodromous. Intersecondary veins run parallel to the secondary veins, and quaternary veins branch freely. Higher order veins are not present. Morphoanatomical analysis revealed important characteristics that reveal a set of structures common to Sapotaceae, in addition to characters that are important for the recognition and identification of D. cuspidatum.

Pleopeltis pleopeltifolia (Polypodiopsida, Polypodiaceae), a poikilochlorophyllous desiccation-tolerant fern: anatomical, biochemical and physiological responses during water stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Lorenzen Voytena ◽  
Bruno Degaspari Minardi ◽  
José Bonomi Barufi ◽  
Marisa Santos ◽  
Áurea Maria Randi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Notable Increase

While many ferns have been described as desiccation tolerant (DT), few studies have reported on the mechanisms they use to survive cell desiccation. Among the species belonging to the genus Pleopeltis, P. pleopeltifolia (Raddi) Alston (Polypodiopsida, Polypodiaceae) is a DT species endemic to Brazil. So as to better characterise the mechanisms of desiccation tolerance in ferns, the present study aimed to analyse frond anatomy and physiological changes associated with desiccation and rehydration of P. pleopeltifolia. Fronds are dorsiventral, with uniseriate epidermis. The epidermal cells have various shapes, tending to stretch in the longitudinal direction of the frond. Anticlinal cell walls are sinuous, and periclinal cell walls are convex. Anomocytic stomata are restricted to the abaxial surface. Trichome-type scales are found on both sides of the frond and may play a relevant role in rehydration of this plant when water is available. The mesophyll of the frond consists of palisade parenchyma, tending to a bistratified adaxial surface and spongy parenchyma on abaxial surface. The cuticle on the adaxial surface is conspicuous, ensuring better control of internal water balance. For physiological analyses, sporophytes were subjected to desiccation for 0, 5, 10 and 15 days and rehydration for 1 day. Sporophytes showed a sharp decline in water content when kept without irrigation, reaching 9.6% after 15 days, in addition to wilting and frond rolling. A significant increase in sugar content in fronds was noticeable during desiccation, which may favour a possible osmotic adjustment and vitrification. A notable increase in proline content during rehydration was observed in fronds. During the five initial days of desiccation, the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased abruptly, but after 1 day of rehydration, they had partly recovered. The photosynthetic parameters analysed by fluorescence of chlorophyll a ceased completely after 15 days of desiccation but they had recovered near to pre-desiccation levels after 1 day of rehydration.

scholarly journals The histological features of striped muscle in relation to its functional activity

1929 ◽  
Vol 104 (731) ◽  
pp. 371-411 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Contractile Properties ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Striped Muscle ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Striation ◽  
Red Muscle

Analysis of the reflex behaviour of striped muscles involves data drawn from their histological structure, and the present observations deal with the differences in microscopical and macroscopical structure of muscles of different contractile properties. Stefano Lorenzini (55) mentioned the striking difference in colour between certain muscles of the limb in the rabbit as long ago as 1678. The classic investigations of Ranvier (63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68), however, revealed most of the present knowledge of red and pale muscle. He showed that this redness was associated with slowness of contraction, and with the genesis of tetanus at lower rates of stimulus. Moreover, these functional differences were shown to be associated with a difference in histological structure, a relatively larger amount of granular sarcoplasm and more distinct longitudinal striation in the case of red muscle. Later studies (1, 57, 43, 72, 49) revealed the occurrence of these granular and longitudinally striated fibres in muscles in many species, and also that these fibres were not always associated with redness of pigmentation (57). The histology of muscle in the higher mammalian forms has shown that both granular “sarcoplasmic” and clear “aplasmic” fibres occur side by side in the same muscle, and these two types of fibre have been homologised with the red pale muscles of the rabbit (29, 30, 43, 73, 42).

scholarly journals Histological studies on cerebral localisation

1904 ◽  
Vol 72 (477-486) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Function ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Parietal Lobes

The essential aim of this work is to further the establishment of a correlation between physiological function and histological structure. The present communication deals with the central gyri, the occipital, temporal and limbic lobes; but an account of the remainder of the cortex, viz., that of the frontal and parietal lobes and the insula, will be presented to the Society at a later date.

XXIV.—The Innervation of the Human Quiescent Nipple, with Notes on Pigmentation, Erection, and Hyperneury

1949 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Cathcart ◽  
F. W. Gairns ◽  
H. S. D. Garven
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Stimulation Of

It has been known from antiquity that involution of the uterus is aided by putting the child to the breast, and the work of Moir (1933) has demonstrated conclusively that suckling brings about waves of contraction of the puerperal uterus. Since suckling must necessarily involve stimulation of the nipple, it seemed of interest to know what sensory apparatus is present in the nipple to receive these stimuli. While histological studies of the mammary gland itself have been numerous, only slight attention has been paid to the histological structure of the areola and the nipple.It must be appreciated from the outset that the present study is devoted to the innervation of the nipple in the quiescent breast. There may be considerable change during pregnancy and lactation, not only in the size of the organ and its epithelium but also in the other structures. It has been shown that there is an increase in the number of nerve-fibres in the actively secreting mammary tissue, and it is possible that there is an increase in the nerve-structures of the nipple also. The richness of the innervation in the quiescent nipple certainly makes a further study of these nerve-structures during pregnancy and lactation of great interest.

scholarly journals Morphological changes in the skin of dogs at sarcoptosis

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Susanna Dilyaverovna Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Epidermal Layer ◽  
Interstitial Edema ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The results of histological studies of the skin of dogs with sarcoptosis are presented. Studies have shown that with different forms of sarcoptosis in dogs, histological changes occur in all layers of the epidermis and dermis, regardless of the location of ticks. The nature of these changes varies and depends on the severity of the disease. Depending on the form of the disease, similar pathomorphological changes of the skin severity were noted. We observed spongiosis, interstitial edema, hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, inflammatory and melanocytic infiltration of the epidermal layer of the skin. In the dermis, with deep skin lesions, necrosis foci and pronounced interstitial edema, mainly of the papillary layer, less often of the mesh layer, were detected. In generalized severe form in some areas of the dermis and epidermis completely lost histological structure.

scholarly journals Histological and Electrophoretic Analysis of Carpathian barbel (Barbus carpathicus, Cyprinidae) Skin and Mucus in Environmental Context

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Przemysław Spychalski ◽  
Dominik Poradowski ◽  
Aleksander Chrószcz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Mucous Cell ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Ecological Evaluation ◽  
Epithelium Thickness ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Skin Morphology ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Chemical Water

Fish frequently serve as bioindicators of aquatic environments during their ecological evaluation. Carpathian barbel (Barbus carpathicus, Cyprinidae) is a species common to rivers and lakes of Eurasia and Africa. Seasons of the year can influence its skin morphology and mucus composition. The clinical status of the animal depends on the above-mentioned factors. The aim of this study was a histological, histometrical and electrophoretical analysis of periodical changes in barbel common integument. The accessible material was investigated in histological, cytological and electrophoretic analysis using hematoxylin-eosin staining, histometric morphometry, gel electrophoresis and cytological methods. The results demonstrated significant differences in the investigated parameters for spring–summer and autumn–winter periods. Both skin epithelium morphology (epithelium thickness, number of cell layers, melanophores and mucous cell existence) and mucus composition (proteins, immune system cells, keratinocytes and mucocytes) showed significant differences between investigated seasons. These morphological and physiological changes were more pronounced in the dorsal than ventral regions of common integument. The differences in the physical characteristics of mucus and the histological structure of the skin cannot only serve as a source of useful information about an evaluated ecosystem, but can be also related to additional factors, e.g., microbiological and chemical water contamination.

Histological Features of Postnatal Development of the Eye in White Rabbits

2020 ◽  
pp. 019262332091546
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Yamagiwa ◽  
Masaaki Kurata ◽  
Hiroshi Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Ocular Development ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug

Rabbits are frequently used in studies assessing the toxicity of ophthalmic drugs; however, the postnatal histological changes that occur in the rabbit eye have not been fully described. To characterize postnatal ocular development in white rabbits, a histological investigation of the eyes and eyelids was sequentially performed between postnatal days (PNDs) 1 and 42. The eyes opened during PNDs10 to 12. Significant changes prior to eyelid opening included the proliferation of uveal and optic nerve cells, regression of the lenticular vasculature, and thinning of the retina with a decreasing number of retinal cells. After eyelid opening, several significant changes occurred in the anterior segment, including thickening of the cornea and the development of lacrimation-related tissues in the eyelid and conjunctiva. Additionally, the differentiation of retinal layer-derived cells and optic nerve thickening occurred. The lens size continued to increase throughout the postnatal period. The histological structure of the eyes and eyelids was nearly mature by PNDs28 to 42. This study characterizes the postnatal changes in the histological features of the eyes in juvenile white rabbits, providing fundamental knowledge on the appropriate design of histological studies of the eyes in juvenile rabbits, particularly ophthalmic drug evaluations.

scholarly journals Histology of Watersnake (Enhydris enhydris) Lung

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01051
Author(s):  
Zainuddin Zainuddin ◽  
Nurul Fadhilah ◽  
Dian Masyitha ◽  
Muhammad N. Salim ◽  
Erdiansyah Rahmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Maximum Length ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Macrophage Cells ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Rainbow watersnake is a snake that can be found in ponds, has a relatively medium body, a maximum length of 80 cm, generally between 50-60 cm, small-headed, a rather large belly, and short-tailed. The aim of this study is to determine the structure of the histology of the lungs of watersnake (Enhydris enhydris). This study used a sample of 3 watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) with a body length of ± 50 cm. This study conducted a micro technical method with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Data obtained from the results of this study were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of images. Macroscopic observations of the warp in snakes are long, most of the trachea attaches to the warp, and there are water sacs or swimming pouches at the tip of the warp, as well as the histological features of the snakes' warp, alveolar ducts, alveolar sac and alveoli, the histological structure of the lungs in watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) consist of type 1 alveoli epithelial cells, type 2 alveoli cells, muscle bundles, connective tissue, capillary vessels, and macrophage cells. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the histological structure of the watersnake (Enhydris enhydris) lung is different from the histological structure of the reptile function in general. In the lungs of watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) only consists of alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli, and the presence of water sacs at the ends of the lungs.

Histological studies of Phytophthora ramorum in Rhododendron twigs

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 1481-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Pogoda ◽  
Sabine Werres
Keyword(s):  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Cortical Parenchyma ◽  
Different Tissues

Freshly cut Rhododendron twigs were inoculated with Phytophthora ramorum S. Werres, A.W.A.W. de Cock & W.A. Man in't Veld. Disease development (discoloration of the twigs) was observed. Tissue samples were taken for reisolation and for histological studies from four different zones of the inoculated twigs. Thin sections were stained with toluidine blue O. Reisolation of the pathogen was successful from all samples. The histological studies showed that P. ramorum was not only present in the brown zones of the Rhododendron twigs, but also in the healthy-looking green zones. Hyphae were found in different twig zones and in different tissues, but chlamydospores occurred only in brown twig zones where they developed mainly in the cortical parenchyma. Results from the histological studies provide a basis for how P. ramorum colonizes host tissue in Rhododendron twigs.Key words: Phytophthora ramorum, Rhododendron, histological studies, tissue colonization.

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