scholarly journals Histology of Watersnake (Enhydris enhydris) Lung

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01051
Author(s):  
Zainuddin Zainuddin ◽  
Nurul Fadhilah ◽  
Dian Masyitha ◽  
Muhammad N. Salim ◽  
Erdiansyah Rahmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Maximum Length ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Macrophage Cells ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Rainbow watersnake is a snake that can be found in ponds, has a relatively medium body, a maximum length of 80 cm, generally between 50-60 cm, small-headed, a rather large belly, and short-tailed. The aim of this study is to determine the structure of the histology of the lungs of watersnake (Enhydris enhydris). This study used a sample of 3 watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) with a body length of ± 50 cm. This study conducted a micro technical method with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Data obtained from the results of this study were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of images. Macroscopic observations of the warp in snakes are long, most of the trachea attaches to the warp, and there are water sacs or swimming pouches at the tip of the warp, as well as the histological features of the snakes' warp, alveolar ducts, alveolar sac and alveoli, the histological structure of the lungs in watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) consist of type 1 alveoli epithelial cells, type 2 alveoli cells, muscle bundles, connective tissue, capillary vessels, and macrophage cells. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the histological structure of the watersnake (Enhydris enhydris) lung is different from the histological structure of the reptile function in general. In the lungs of watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) only consists of alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli, and the presence of water sacs at the ends of the lungs.

scholarly journals Proliferative responses to altered 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD) type 2 expression in human breast cancer cells are dependent on endogenous expression of 17HSD type 1 and the oestradiol receptors

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Jansson ◽  
C Gunnarsson ◽  
O Stål
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Phase Fraction ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Endogenous Expression

The primary source of oestrogen in premenopausal women is the ovary but, after menopause, oestrogen biosynthesis in peripheral tissue is the exclusive site of formation. An enzyme group that affects the availability of active oestrogens is the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD) family. In breast cancer, 17HSD type 1 and type 2 have been mostly investigated and seem to be the principal 17HSD enzymes involved thus far. The question whether 17HSD type 1 or type 2 is of greatest importance in breast tumour development is still not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate how the loss of 17HSD type 2 expression, using siRNA in the non-tumour breast epithelial cells HMEC (human mammal epithelial cells) and MCF10A, and gain of 17HSD type 2 expression, using transient transfection in the breast cancer derived cell lines MCF7 and T47D, affect oestradiol conversion and proliferation rate measured as S-phase fraction. We further investigated how this was related to the endogenous expression of 17HSD type 1 and oestradiol receptors in the examined cell lines. The oestradiol level in the medium changed significantly in the MCF7 transfected cells and the siRNA-treated HMEC cells, but not in T47D or MCF10A. The S-phase fraction decreased in the 17HSD type 2-transfected MCF7 cells and the siRNA-treated HMEC cells. The results seemed to be dependent on the endogenous expression of 17HSD type 1 and the oestradiol receptors. In conclusion, we found that high or low levels of 17HSD type 2 affected the oestradiol concentration significantly. However, the response was dependent on the endogenous expression of 17HSD type 1. Expression of 17HSD type 1 seems to be dominant to 17HSD type 2. Therefore, it may be important to investigate a ratio between 17HSD type 1 and 17HSD type 2.

scholarly journals The Innate Immune Responses of Colonic Epithelial Cells to Trichuris muris Are Similar in Mouse Strains That Develop a Type 1 or Type 2 Adaptive Immune Response

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 6280-6286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. deSchoolmeester ◽  
Harinder Manku ◽  
Kathryn J. Else
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Trichuris muris resides in intimate contact with its host, burrowing within cecal epithelial cells. However, whether the enterocyte itself responds innately to T. muris is unknown. This study investigated for the first time whether colonic intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) produce cytokines or chemokines following T. muris infection and whether divergence of the innate response could explain differentially polarized adaptive immune responses in resistant and susceptible mice. Increased expression of mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor and the chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1) were seen after infection of susceptible and resistant strains, with the only difference in expression being a delayed increase in CCL2 in BALB/c IEC. These increases were ablated in MyD88−/− mice, and NF-κB p65 was phosphorylated in response to T. muris excretory/secretory products in the epithelial cell line CMT-93, suggesting involvement of the MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway in IEC cytokine expression. These data reveal that IEC respond innately to T. muris. However, the minor differences identified between resistant and susceptible mice are unlikely to underlie the subsequent development of a susceptible type 1 (IFN-γ-dominated) or resistant type 2 (interleukin-4 [IL-4]/IL-13-dominated) adaptive immune response.

scholarly journals Nutritional dependence of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors in skeletal muscle: measurement by light microscopic autoradiography.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Oldham ◽  
A K Hodges ◽  
P N Schaare ◽  
P C Molan ◽  
J J Bass
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Igf Receptors

To determine the cellular location, capacity, and nutritional sensitivity of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors, we measured the in vitro binding of [125I]-IGFs to skeletal muscle using light microscopic autoradiography. Muscle was collected from 8-month lambs that had received high or low nutrition diets (3% and 1.25% of body weight/day in pellets, respectively). Half of each group had also received growth hormone (0.25 mg/kg/day). Cryosections were incubated with [125I]-IGF alone or with unlabeled IGF-1, IGF-2, or insulin to characterize binding sites as probable Type 1 IGF, Type 2 IGF, or insulin receptors. [125I]-IGF-1 was found to bind to blood vessels and Type 1 receptors in connective tissue (p < or = 0.001), but not to muscle fiber or nerves. In muscle from 6-month lambs that were fed or fasted, [125I]-IGF-1 bound to Type 1 receptors in connective tissue (p < or = 0.01 fed; p < or = 0.05 fasted) and muscle fiber (p < or = 0.05). The binding to connective tissue was also greater in fasted than in fed animals (p < or = 0.05). Binding of [125I]-IGF-2 to the Type 2 receptor was located in blood vessels and connective tissue (p < or = 0.01) and did not alter with fasting. Therefore, these experiments have demonstrated that Type 1 and Type 2 receptors vary in their distribution and nutritional sensitivity in skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Wnt signaling regulates trans-differentiation of stem cell like type 2 alveolar epithelial cells to type 1 epithelial cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elhusseiny Mohamed Mahmud Abdelwahab ◽  
Judit Rapp ◽  
Diana Feller ◽  
Veronika Csongei ◽  
Szilard Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial Cells ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial

scholarly journals The Promise of Lung Organoids for Growth and Investigation of Pneumocystis Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikeya Tisdale-Macioce ◽  
Jenna Green ◽  
Anne-Karina T. Perl ◽  
Alan Ashbaugh ◽  
Nathan P. Wiederhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial

Pneumocystis species (spp.) are host-obligate fungal parasites that colonize and propagate almost exclusively in the alveolar lumen within the lungs of mammals where they can cause a lethal pneumonia. The emergence of this pneumonia in non-HIV infected persons caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (PjP), illustrates the continued importance of and the need to understand its associated pathologies and to develop new therapies and preventative strategies. In the proposed life cycle, Pneumocystis spp. attach to alveolar type 1 epithelial cells (AEC1) and prevent gas exchange. This process among other mechanisms of Pneumocystis spp. pathogenesis is challenging to observe in real time due to the absence of a continuous ex vivo or in vitro culture system. The study presented here provides a proof-of-concept for the development of murine lung organoids that mimic the lung alveolar sacs expressing alveolar epithelial type 1 cells (AEC1) and alveolar type 2 epithelial cells (AEC2). Use of these 3-dimensional organoids should facilitate studies of a multitude of unanswered questions and serve as an improved means to screen new anti- PjP agents.

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